Ohio Jewish chronicle. (Columbus, Ohio), 1923-07-06

              .:'l !
•^^yr:.!^ '
1\
t I
. J
I
I
-;««';'.
m^
Central Ohio's Onljf Jewish Nemsfwipnr
Rmehlng Emsy Homn
¦ '   A mEtLY mmSM for-the Jewish home
DiS\?oUd la ,/Jmcrican
and
Jemish Ideah
'ITH
CONVEMTIOM AT TO CLOSES
COJ.U]\lBim,'l"0. JULY 6, 1923
Cincinnati Unanimouoly Selected
Ao the Place for Next
Convention
ALFRED M. COHEN ELECTED PRESIDENT DISTRICT NO. 2
¦ DENVER, COL.— The 71st An¬ nual Convention of The Independent Order of B'nai B'rith opened Sunday morning, June 17tli, at 10 o'clock a, m., in the Ball Room of the Brown Palace Hotel with a full delegation from the district.
The convention was called to order by Arthur F. Friedman of Denver, Colorado, president of the District, .^n invocation was delivered by Dr. Wil¬ liam S. Friedman of Denver.
The opening exercises were in charge of Milton L. Anfenger of Den¬ ver, who expressed the regret of the Hoii, Benjamin F. Stapleton, Mayor of Denver, that on account of his in¬ disposition he was unable to welcome the delegates to Denver.
A brief but splendid address of wel¬ come was delivered by Samuel Priess, president of Denver Lodge 171, which was responded to by Alfred M. Cohen of Cincinnati, first vice-president of tlie district.
ITALIAN LAWYER
EMBRACES JUDAISM
NEW YORIv, fJ. T. A.). —Abra¬ ham bCn Abraham was the Jcwi.'ih name given to Lewis Aldino, an Ital¬ ian, who has been admitted to the Jew¬ ish faith. The operation took place at the East New York and Brownsville hospital. In applying for admittance to the Jewish faith, Mr. Aldino, who is a lawyer, said he was engaged to marry a Jewish girl whose p.irents insisted on his becoming a Jew. He stated also that he had been raised among Jews from childhood and felt akin to the Jewish people and religion..
Per Year $3.00; Per Copy loc
Cau'Jem.md,Ckrli^ti Worship Together?
Jfflfeiif HEN S. WISE
MINORITIES PLAN SEP¬ ARATE UNIVERSITY
asis ©f Palestine s
Colonial Sec'y's Reply  to Lord
Islington's Questions During
Palestine Debate
SAYS MANDATE IS AN INTERNAT'L OBLIGATION
After the roll-call of delegates and the usual opening business routine, the Grand Lodge Degree Was conferred upon the new delegates.
Follpwing the conferring of the de¬ gree,   President   Arthur   F.   Friedman read  the  president's  message  covering the   activities   of   the   District   during the  past year.    The  message  covered every   vital   endtfavor   of' the  District and  made  many pertinent  suggestions for the   consideration   of   the  conven¬ tion.    The president gave notice of the importance of the oilicers of the Dis¬ trict '  making   visits   of   the   various lodges and told,of his visit's to the dif¬ ferent   lodges,   which   numbered  over fifty.-    The  message  also   contained   a '-'tabulated  report   of  the'Collection' of ,,   the   Anti-Defamation   Fund,   showing
LONDON, (J. T. A.). —Speaking in the House of Lords Wedneid.iy night, the Duke  of Devonshire gave an  un¬ equivocal reply to the critics of Britain's Palestine policy.    He declared the Gov¬ ernment   had   full   intention   of  giving every support to the High Commissioner for Palestine, according to the instruc¬ tions in tlie Mandate, since tlie mandate was an international obligation and the Balfour Declaration the basis 'on which it was accepted from the Allied Powers. The debate which evoktd this reply was  postponed   from   Tuesday.     Lord Islington, long an enemy of the Zionist aims, opened the debate, saying he hoped to receive a more favorable reply than three months ago.
The Arab and Christian po]()ulation of Palestine will never assent to the "Zion¬ ist .system of government," he said, however fair the election may be, if it places them in a subordinate position. Lord Islington attributed the present "deadlock" to the distinct pledges of In-'
I rejoice in the c.iiisc or iii {V climstanccs whicii have . .scwit' make it wise and .even ncertfui f(, Sidcr the question: 'Shall Jcv-'.^""' Christians worship together? r-JB|tli« query been addressed to us byl'l"^" one unfriendly to Israel, by soiif« chiefly bent upon facilitating ttfe'*!'^- version of Jews, it would indeed p= been negligible. But, in truth, the . ?^y has come from the heart of a ^.|"^' —not only a personal friend, l\-^ friend of Israel—a friend of I.^raclf " cause he is a noble friend of hl.-ffi'" kind. For the soul of John ' l%P Holmes is aflame with passion -hn^*^- tice to the least of peoples, as 'I "" truth must be for reparation, amf'<^- dress to one of earth's great anti''4"" cient peoples"  such as is our own/i,
John Holmes would no more' tf^''^ of attempting to convert or to, prisls,"" tize Jews to any one of a tulM^*' Christian sects than I would dres^^f ,1^ moving his people.to become disfci'if^ of Mohamet or the ., Buddha, ---'-'if question: Can ' Jew and Chris* I' worship together? is addressed to J f and Christians alike by a {ticmt/.P man, by an enfranchised soul >vhkth!'' liberated  itself above  and aw
>vhKlr'!!'."*' way, 'f'rf" tariasfJ.f'"
m
all that is narrowing and sectarlasii^'"'
which'. \iU =>
true and deep reverence for the tUf^^
we. cherish.   If I dissent in, all ear'tiP'-
ness and with all vigor from tht'ijp-
po-ial^ of Mr. Holmes, it is becat^Sii'.l"'
the simplicity and integrity df: his ¦.tW"
viewpoint in  relation  to  all .pmhuk^'
he has left out of account certai* i''*;'*^"
ments which require the mosV-v'aW^"'
and searching consideration.'    ¦, .-'.^u'  '
¦   Evcii though! cannot'deal. itvi0tm^*"^
length and breadth of Mr/Hoim't^^ff''''-
markable. statement, it is naces^g:^!;^!^'1
perhaps the more; justified,-H,<^f4|J ''*
more than that of any three other Dis ¦ tricts combined. Denver Lodge was the first lodge of large membership to make its quota, contributing $1,975, the largest quota of any lodge in the District. The message .was received with great applause for the splendid accomplishments and the great personal sacrifice of President Friedman were obvious
A memorial address was eloquently delivered by E. J. Sehanfarber of Co lumbus, Ohio, who paid an appropriate appreciation to the memory of A. L. Levi, Henry Rauh, Philip Stein and Simon Wolf.
Mr.   Cohen   of   Cincinnati   then   ob¬ tained the floor and with much feeling spoke   of   the   four   presidents   which Denver  had  given  to  District  No.  2, two    fathers    Meyer    Friedman   and Louis Anfenger and two sons, Arthur F. Friedman and Milton Anfenger, and moved that wreaths be placed upon the graves of Meyer Friedman and Louis Anfenger in memory of their glorious deeds and their sacrifice for the Order. In the afternoon session various re¬ ports,   of   standing   committees   were made, among which  was a report on social' service by A. B. Cowen of Den ver,  the  National  Jewish  Hcispital by David E. Harlem, the Denver Shelter¬ ing   Home   for   Jewish   Children   by Percy S. Morris and the Junior B'nai B'rith  by  Edgar J.  Stern  in  the ab¬ sence' of Milton  Schayer, chairman of th.it committee.
Various committees were then .ip- pointcd. The Denver delegations re¬ ceived the following committee ap- - pointments: On the Budget commit¬ tee, Milton Anfenger; General Wel¬ fare and state of the Order, Abner Wagman;   National   and   International
is#|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Civil Rights Guaranteed!
Although the civil and religious rights of the Arabs and Christians are guar¬ anteed. Lord Islington said every effort made by the Government to - establish the Zionist .system of government was unreconcilable with the promise to re¬ spect these rights.
Continuing, Lord Islington said that ordinarily, and especially in foreign af¬ fairs, the Government should treat mat- tens as far as possible continuously, but there are cases where experience showed that the continuity of a certain policy is against the public interests and imperial welfare. Sooner or later a friendly people could be driven 'to such hostility that only force of arms could maintain order, he warned.
If a federation of Arab states is es¬ tablished and the Zionist system im¬ planted in one of them, it is only a ques¬ tion of time when its influence would go over the borders.
In conclusion. Lord Islington asked that all documents pertaining to the Pal¬ estine question be laid on the table.
Lord Milner, who visited Palestine a year ago, declared if all the documents were published they would prove • that the government had not broken any of its pledges to the Arabs, that none of the alleged injustice to the Arab popli¬ lation had been perpetrated, and that the so-called burden of expenditure was rapidly falling and before long Palestine would cease to be a financial burden to Britain at all.
Lord Milner further said he hoped the Government would adhere to its present policy as the progress made in Palestine was "really extraordinary." "If the Arabs claim Palestine as one of their countries, in the s.ame sense as Mesopotamia and Arabia, they are fly,-
"If the Jews in many places of the world had political and military power today thcy would slay the Christians exactly as the Christians have been shying them." There is a Jewish fac¬ tor in this proI)lcni after all, ;lnd Mr. nolnic*. quite unlike himself for once, .!?ocs b.ick lo the Old Testament, which he finds full of stories of massacre and torment; goes hack rather far to the entrance of the children of Israel into C-inaaii and the command of Jehovah to put its inhabitants to the sword. Wc Jews hold that in the three thousand and more years that have passed since Jows^-<!iitercd Canaan there has been a vcrj' considerable advance in the life and thought of the Jews, and as a Jew I am humanly certain, that if, Jews had political and military power today thcy would not slay the Christians as the Christians have been slaying them. Despite the catholicity and- understand¬ ing of Mr. Holmes'-spirit, he evidently has not been able to pluml) the depths di Jewish forbearance and Jbwish long- -sufTcring, the inexhaustible and infi¬ nite cap.icity of the Jew for forgiving, loving . and even serving .those -who wrong him. ,
.•^gain, whatever be the validity of Mr. Holmes's utterance concerning the mythical character of Jewish and Cliris- Jian orthodoxy and the universality of'i religion as a matter of natural/experi¬ ence rather than of special revelation, the humanity of Jesus as an' historical figure belonging both to Judaism and to Christianity, I cannot find any war¬ rant for -liis statement that "to the Jew the man of Nazareth is a heretic and Apostate; he is worse than this. He is a fraud' of the most obvious dcscrip- tioii." ¦ This docs not truly or fairly convey the spirit of the Jew, whether orthodox or, liberal. The liberal Jew thinks, bf Jesus as Mr. Holmes thinks him, as a radiant teacher of the ghetic truths of 'Fsrael. The orth.o- i--./.~-Bt'jiv   .it, IS  true,, judge Jqsii?
WARSAW, (J. T. A.). —A commit¬ tee rcprc-icnting some ot the minority nationalities has been organized with a view lo establishing a scpamtc university at Lodz. It is proposed that the langu.igc of instruction be Polish, Yiddish and German, and the institution serve as an asylum for students belonging to na¬ tionalities that are denicti entrance in Poland's higher seats of learning.
Liberal Polish circles arc evincing much interest in the project, Professor Boduen'de Kurtene and Professor Pct- razyski having consented to serve on the faculty.
Says Cfiristiaiaity
Now Turns lo fhe
Jewish Teachings Answer Needs
of  Day,  Says  President  of
Conference of American
Rabbis
EDUCATION CAMPAIGN
PROPOSED BY CALISCH
CAPE MAY, N. J. —Declaring that this is an age of religious reconstruction, that old creeds and doctrines are de¬ nounced as ineflicient; that a new reli¬ gious outlook and a new gospel of life are sought and that "Judaism more than any other religion has in its own brea.st the spirit of this new faith," Dr. Ed¬ ward N. Calisch, president of the Cen¬ tral Conference of American Rabbis; now in session here, urged in his mes¬ sage a formulation of the theology of American Judaism and "a statement of its principles in the light of the needs of the present day.
"The visions of our great prophets are one with the aspirations of the noblest minds of today," said Rabbi Calisch. "Why should wc not make known this spirit, these vision.s, the wonderful interpretation of life and duty and God- that are our distinctive pos¬ session?
"Here is an opportunity for us to do service to mankind, unrivaled since, the
JEWISH REFUGEE EXPULSION IS REPORTEDSTOPPED
Problem of Refugees Numbering
20O,0AO in 1921 Nearing
Solution
JOINT INFORMS "I. C. A."
ON LEAGUE ACTION
LONDON, (J. T. A.). —Treatment of l-'iOiOOO Ukrainian refugees, mostly Jews, in Poland aii^ about M.OOO in Bessarabia, is described in a report just submitted.by Lucian Wolf on behalf of the Jewish Joint Foreign Committee to the Jewish Colonization Association.
T,lie report, Ihe advance proof of which the Jewish Telegraphic Agency obtained today, contains Mr. Wolf's ac¬ count of the proceedings of the fourth meeting of the League bf Nations' ad¬ visory committee to the Higli Commis¬ sioner for Russian Refugees, which was held in Geneva on April 20, and was devoted to the exclusive consideration of the Jewish refugees' problem.
Not Serious Now
After recalling the plight of the refugees ordered expelled from Poland and refused admission to Soviet Ukraine, and of the refugee's from Bes¬ sarabia for many of whom drowning in the river Dniester appeared as the only, solution, the Joint Foreign Committee asserts there are no serious causes for complaint with regard to Roumania now.
While the Polish authorities have failed to act on 'notable modifications'of the expulsion decree" which had been . promised, mass expulsion across . the Russian frontier need no longer be feared it is said.
Another feature of the report -is that the number of refugees in' Poland has been reduced from.150,000 in September, 1021, to only about 10,000 early in 1923. With regard to Roumani?i,- where iti Marchj 1922, the nnmber-'of refugees was estimated to be,4-5,000, pnly 11,000 are reported to be there now. ;    *
The report begins with the statement that the meeting was called at, the Ve- qitcst of the Joint Foreign Committee
itlC
Iti-
^k-
of
which we have to SoIvq.'-' The.'i^ that -Christendom is alike anti-il and anti-Jewish. Religiously it iin Jewish; racially it is anti-Semitic,' ing exception to the racial groupin Jews, as if these did not constitut% group within the white race, taTtingSfcx- ception to the Jews as religious fijlis- ciples, as if these were terribly infepor to Christians as religionists. Mr. Holmes is right in implying tliat aiiti- Seinitism is unreal in its bases, bujt it is terribly real in the results of |-its attitude of ill-will and hostility tow|ard the Jew Again Mr.  Holmes  clearly declajres;
efidoni toward the Jew,' in which case the Jew can hardlybe expected to' form the   highest   estimate   of   Jesus.     But Mn'   Plolmes   is   unjust   to   the   Jew, whether orthodox or liberal, in assum¬ ing   that   the   Jewish   attitude   toward Jesus is one of antagonism or enmity, For  Jesus  has   been  crucified  in  the sight of the Jew for nearly two millenia by them who have called themselves by hi.s name, but denied him in truth and in deed in their relations with the Jew¬ ish brothers of Jesus from generation to generation.    Insofar as Mr. Holmes imagines that the attitude of the Jew (Continued on page 7)
3rai«a*'>»*i«iti!*W.-«w«,
s^fcqiise the Polish and Rotimaniati, goy-
world.    We .have no quarrerWitli the' sian Wfugeesr'^-rnTTolish-'dccrEf .laughter  of   faith.     It has  served  to|though aiming at the R^ilf Sge«
generally,   was   being  ipp-jad   oMy tS
 ^,,„,„...... uiiM -iviuuiu, mey are tiy,-
Relations, Simon J. Heller; Laws, Ed- ing in the face of facts and of history,"
win   J,   Wittelshofer;   Executive   Di rector, "J. J. Liebermaii chairman, and Ernest    Morris;.   Report   of    General Committee and Secretary   and   Treas¬ urer,   John S.   Fine.    The   convention then adjourned until Monday morning, oil    Monday    the    convention    was called to order at 10:30 a. m. by Pres¬ ident  Friedman.     Dr.   Kauvar   deliv¬ ered   the   invocation.     This ' morning session   was   taken   up  mostly  by  the report of the Executive Committee of the Order,  read by  Sidney  Kusworm, a   member   of   that   committee.     The report was elaborate in detail and af¬ forded  a splendid  opportunity  for all delegates  to learn  of  the great  force of  the   B'nai   B'rith   for  Jewry.    The report was ordered printed.    The con¬ vention   adjourned   at  noon   and  con¬ vened Tuesday morning at 9:45 a. in. An   invocation   was   delivered   by   Dr. Mayer of Kansas City.
(Concluded on page 6.)
he said in conclusion. ^
The official Government reply was given by the Duke of Devonshire, the Colonial Secretary. He said he had consulted his colleagues as to their opinion regarding the publication of the correspondence and the papers dealing with the engagements and commitments concerning Palestine, and they found it would be contrary tfo the public interests to grant Lord Islington's request.
Proceeding to the latest iiolitical de¬ velopments ill Palestine, the Duke as¬ serted there was considerable misappre¬ hension regarding the Palestine elections. Under the constitution promulgated last year, arrangements were made for the holding of the elections in accordance with a plan well known to the popula¬ tion, and it was then hoped the. Legisla¬ tive Council would be elected. How¬ ever, a large proportion of the inhabi¬ tants refused to participate. The Duke {Concluded on page 6.)
DROPSIE COLLEGE.RE.    ^ ELECTS DR. ADL^R
PHILADELPHIA.—Officers for'the ensuing year o.f Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning de¬ clared elected at the annual meeting of the Board'of Governors are: Dr. [Cy¬ rus Adler, president; D. Hays Solis Cohen, vice president; Ephraim Led¬ erer, secretary; Horace Stern, treas¬ urer. ¦ It ¦' was" r<iported thaf during , the academy' year, fifty-two- students at¬ tended the post-graduate and extension courses, of whom 41 were men and 11 women.
The Library has grown to a total of 24,(il() volumes, the principal accession of the past year being the collection of the famous Arabic traveler—Eduard Glaser.
Ephraim Lederer, Simon Miller,' Ed¬ win Wolf and Horace Stern were re¬ elected members of the Board of Gov¬ ernors, and Mr. Jules E. Mastbaum was newly elected 1 Governor.
sons present including Dr. Simonsen, whose jubilee had been recently cele¬ brated. Dr. Simonsen later presented to Professor Prince a copy of the Fest- krift issued on that occasion.
Professor Prince was for many years a member of the Columbia Uni¬ versity Faculty and has written im¬ portant works in the field of oriental and philological science.
A FEW MINUTES SAVED SAMUEL FROM ATTACK
RABBL BLINDED IN WAI^, OPENS VETERANS' MEET
MINNEAPOLIS (J. ^T. A.).-Rabbi Michael Aaronsohn of Baltimore, fhe army chaplain who was blinded in the war from a shot through the head, was among those to open the convention of Disabled American Veterans of the World War. Two thousand veterans are participathig in the deliberations.
LONDON, (J. T. A.'). —A matter of few minutes saved the Palestine High Commissioner, Sir Herbert Samuel, from being involved in the shooting when Druse bandits attacked and mur¬ dered live of his British escort, accord¬ ing to a circumstanti.-il account contained in a letter the Daily E.vpress reports it received from a soldier named Grew, a member of the High Commissioner's escort.
Grew states the shooting occurred im¬ mediately after the British escort handed over the guardship of Sir Herbert to a relieving French escort.
U. S. MINISTER TALKS
ON JUDAH P. BENJAMIN
PHILADELPHIA, fJ. T. A.).—Dr. John Dyneley Prince,'American Min¬ ister to Denmark, delivered a lecture in Copenhagen before the Jewis i Lit¬ erary Society on the life and public services of Judah P. Benjatnii, ac¬ cording to information received ^ly Dr, Cyrus Adler, President of Dropsie Col¬ lege here.   There were about 2() per-
FRENCH PROFESSOR'S CRIT- ICISM STIRS ROUMANIA
BUCHAREST, (J. T. A.). —Govern¬ ment and academic circles are under¬ stood to be concerned over an article by Prof. Charles Donglee, sociologist of Sorbonne,' who recently visited Rou¬ mania and published an. article in the Roumanian Quotidien, scoring Rou¬ mania for her persecution of the Jews. "It is indi-sputablc," Prof. Bonglee writes, "that the Jews have been brutally driven .forth from the universities by their Roumanian colleagues. I do not like to refer to the subject, and I do not intend to deny there are difliculties in the univers.ity question, but fundamentals exist which must not be violated and there are methods which must not be used or endured if Roumania wishes to be a. niodern nation."
bring humanity through the preparatory stages of religious progress. It is an hour when its distinctive accretions are becoming outworn. It is turning back to the solid foundations of the mother religion, the basic doctrines of right¬ eousness and justice and humble faith as the motives of human relationships and the strength and the solace of the individual soul in all the experiences of life.
"A decided  tendency  in  niodern  re¬ ligious thought is the weakening of tra¬ ditional   theologies  and  the  emergence of  the   ideals  of   Social   responsibility. Not   a   few   leaders   of  the   Christian Church  are discarding its distinctively Christological dogmas and turning to¬ ward the simple teachings of an humble faith that predicates a sincere 'imitatio Dei' rather than a 'credo quia impos¬ sible' as the essence of religion.     Though sectarian partisanship may deny it, yet consciously or unconsciously Christianity is  becoming  less  and  less  pagan  and more and more Jewish.    A circle that diverged   through   twenty   centuries   is closing.    Its ends are drawing together. Mother and daughter are beginning to see each other face to face as the fogs of these two thousand years are clearing. Should not we help toward this immi¬ nent reconciliation by the wide promul¬ gation of a Judaism that too is remov¬ ing the accretions that have grown on it -in the passage of years, and that too is in full accord with the nobler view obtainable from the mist-cluared height of a finer, more loving and brotherly vision?    Should not we, even the more readily,    acclaim    this    devoutly-to-be- wishcd-for  consummation?     For  it  is after  all   only   the   fulfillment   of   the dreams of our prophets of old, and the realization   of  the  splendid  visions   of their inspired minds and hearts,
"For this we must enter upon a cam¬ paign of education. Our ammunition for this campaign is in our publications, particularly the tracts and pamphlets that we have printed. They are of fine character and of great value. But their influence is restricted within. a very litfiited compass. In comparison with the tremendous amount of litera¬ ture put forth by other denominational organizations, ours is not only pitifully small, but such as it is, it is confined prac¬ tically to our own people, and to a very narrow circle of them. We must 'en¬ large the place of our tent, and stretch forth the curtains of our habitations, and spare not; lengthen our cords and strengthen our stakes, for we shall spread abroad on the right tiand and on the left.'" Discussing recent manifestations of {Concluded oit page 7)
Jews, and fio time was allowed thsJaa to establish their statas as political refugees.
At thp time the meeting took place, considerable numbers of Jewish refugees liad been taken' to the Russian frontier and driven across under circumstances of great cruelty. Most of the refugees having forfeited their rights as Russian citizens, owing to their illegal flight from Russia, the Soviets refuse to re¬ ceive them.
In consequence the refugees were tossed backwards and forwards between the Russian and Polish frontier guards, ftfany were left to die through want and exposure in the neutral Zone, after thcy had been robbed of all their possessions by ofiicials entrusted with the expulsion. Equally harrowing stories were brought from the Roumanian frontier where there had been cases of refugees who were unable to remain in Bessarabia and were refused admission ^to the Ukraine and were left to" drown in the Dniester.
Jewish societies, the; report continues, could, see no justification on public grounds for this drastic action. In May, 1921, M. Perlovsky, the Polish delegate to the International Conference con¬ vened by the League of Nations gave categoric assurances that no refugees would be forcibly repatriated. Further¬ more, Perlovski wrote on May 25, 1921, to the Secretary-General of the League that the return of Russian refugees of all categories must be voluntary, none to be obliged directly or indirectly to return to their own country against their will.
On September 14, he wrote again; "My government only deals with cases of voluntary repatriation and regards all refugees refusing to return to their country as political refugees enjoying the right of asylum."
The report states further that in March, 1922, the Bucharest agent of the League of Nations estimated the num¬ ber of Jewish refugees in Bessarabia to be 45,000. In the beginning of 1923, however, despite the arrival of many fresh refugees, the number was placed at 11,000.
In September, 1921, M. Perlovski, then Polish delegate to the League, estimated the number of refugees in Poland to be 150,000;, of whom' 80,421 had received passports to proceed overseas. Al¬ though large numbers continued to en¬ ter Poland, the total remaining in Sep¬ tember, 1922, was only 20,000. Early in 1923, only 10,000 remained.
Mr.   Wolf   further   recalls   that   in January, Premier Bratiano of Rpumauiu {Concluded on page 5.)   ,
/'
,*f,'-Hi
/
mm
^wW^^^