Ohio Jewish chronicle. (Columbus, Ohio), 1935-05-10

              Central Ohio's Only
JewUh Newspaper
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Devoted to Americati]
and
Jewish Ideals
'   A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR THE JEWISH HOME
Volume X.VII—No. 71
COLUMBUS, OHIO, MAY 10, 1935
Per Year $3.00; Per Copy ipci
Strictly Confidential
TIDIbITS FROM EVERYWHERE
nyMlINEAS J. DIRON
MOJJEY. NO  OBJECT
Vcs, Abe Feinberg, the newly appointed r.aljlM ufMolmt Neboli Congrcgatiovi, is none other than Anthony Frome, the radio Pocf  Prince wlio,  after an absence  of five years from the rabbinicar pulpit, has tiKaiii taken up hig religious leadership... .And, bt^lfpve it or not, the singing rabbi was duiiig extremely well on the air' and making more than even Temple Emanu-El couJd pay him . . . But what can yoii do ¦when religion,gets you? . . . Which re- niiiitis us that Isaac Carmcl, the Zionist 'organizer, refused all kinds of tempting offers in.the West because he loves New yoTk and is bent onniakiiig. good as a •special representative of the Eastern Life Insuraijce  Company  .  .  .  And,, talking-* about  people "who  refuse  jobs  in  these . days uf relief, there is, the" irrepressible "¦ Meyer \\J. Weisgal, who was offered most ,lucrative   propositions   tq   manage   cat^- paifjiLs   for. Palestiiie  funds,  but turned tbem down because he is busy preparing .Max   Reinhardt's   pCoductibn  of   Franz .Wcrfdl's "Road to Promise^", scheduled ¦for this fall in Kew York ... .He (Weis¬ gal) has just moved into :eIaborate new ofiiccs on Broadway, and unless yoii have an appointment with hini--you cannot see him ...... And; Elmef .Rice"has finally
surrendered and is going to re-enter, the pfdduciiig game as the head of a, new repertory group, . .       . ' : . :
¦ABOUT PEOPLE Yes, .char>ning Pauline Baerwald,'wlio did-such splendid work, (or the United Jewish Appeal, .will from now on_ be :known as Mrs, Myron S. Falk and will ¦settle down ,as ^ good jeyvish balaboste Last week's, Literary Digest, under
Will Honor King on Jubilee
By Planting 1,500,000
Trees ill Palestine
LONDON (WNS)—An area of 1,500 acres, which has been barren for nearly 1,500 yearsi in Palestine will.be planted with 1,500,000 trees and dedicated as "King George V Jiibilce Forest' by the Jews of Great Britain in honor of (he silver jubilee of Kiiig Geo,rgc V, His Majesty has given lus approval to this project'which h behig sponsored by the Jewish Naitional Fund. The site of the forest will be clearpd shortly by an army of five iiundrcdi men and women, iiiclud¬ ing German -refugees. High Commis¬ sioner Wauchope will plant the first tree. The "King George 'V Jubilee Forest" will be. the' mq<;t ambitious reforesting project yet Undertaken by the JNF in Palestine. "       .'        ,
'A new prayer' drafted by Chief Rabbi Joseph Hertz, after, consultation with a number of rabbis in the United Kingdom, will be recited, in air synagogues in the British Empire on Saturday, May 11, in cpnhcction with the Empire-wide celebra¬ tion, of the .25th anniversary of King George's coronation.. The.pi-aycr, in He¬ brew ahd ;English, wiir'bc recited in the same form at. every Sabbath and festival service after May. 11; ' in synagogues throughout the Empire. Dr. Hertz, who lias been invited as one of. the official guests atthe Jubilee fes'tivities. in Buck¬ ingham Palace, has also issued an alter¬ native service for those' congregations desiring to celebrate the jubilee on Sun-, day, May 12, as well, as a special prayer for the royal family. The national anthem will he chanted before the conclusion of all the, services.
^ Reigns at Annual A.Z. A. May Prom Sunday Night
Bryden Road Temple Annual Graduation Rites May 17
TEL  AVIV,. (WNS)—The Jews^ of Tel   Aviv   have   prepared   an   elaborate
the captibn ;"They  stand out  from  the  program   for   the   celebration  of   King crowd,l'.fcaturcd three Jewi_sh lads,: Sam j George's jubilee.    The . celebration; here
will be featured by the reii'aming'of one of the city's main streets, Mount Carmel Street to King. George Street.   -   •
¦Palcor
Levcnc, the actor, Charles H. Kuhn, the cartoonist, and Harold J,.Laski, the Brit- ,ish ecohomist .. . : Did you notice that Oswald G..Garrison sold'the Nation to Maurice Wertheim?...', And what does; Mr. Wertheim do as his first bit of chief- .editorjalizingi' . . . He features that silly correspondence between Theodore,Dreiser and Hutchins Hapgood, uiider the sliriek- iiig headline: Is Dreistjr an AntirSemite?' . ,' . There was a welcome parade for the sailors of the Nazi ship the "Western, , Land," and .on.th^ reviewing stand., were [several Jewish gentletnen , '; .Another representative of the non-Aryan race pro- .vided a float fdr the parade . . . When the anti-Semitic Horst Wessel hymn was su.ng, the Jewish Hitler patriots bared their heads and stood at attention when the words "Death to Jews" were uttered . . . No,.i.t doesn't amaze us, because we know that.the Nazi night Joints ih York¬ ville, New York, are crowded nightly \vith our own people. ;-.
NAZTY,NAZIS We have' received many inquiries as to whether the Arnold Bernstein Steam- 'ship line is Na'zi .'. , Well, it is . . . Wc telephoned in our perfect German and queried the management,' who piroudly declared that the present German Govern¬ ment is subsidising the line . . , And i7 is true that thc Palestine Shipping Line is being controlled by that same Arnold Bernstein Liile . ; :, Ripley of Believe-It- Or-Not fame claims that Lud Oluskin, well known radio-maestro, played on a Saturday ill the home of Baron Roths¬ child and the following Tuesday E^t the Krupp Mansion, Dusseldorf, Germany... Well, Mr. Ripley, we don't believe that Glu^kin played at the Krupp Mansion on aiiy Tuesday during the last two years ¦ ... You have to show us . . . L. L. tells us that a hundred per cejit Aryan ap¬ proached a high New York City official - with a proposition to endorse the raising of funds—by 'Caniiiassing tioii-Aryan homes —and coll.ct'ng money to send someone to Berlin to assassinate Hitler . . . Con¬ gressman .Dickstein likes William Ran¬ dolph Hearst and commends him for his anti-radical campaign . . . A very elab¬ orate article iil a recent issue of the N^iv York Sunday Mirror tric& to provij that Emmy Soiinomann, who recently married Captain Goering, is one hundred per cent Jewish, but we still insist that Emmy is Aryan and lias no particle of Semitic blood, thank (jod. . .
CHIT-CHAT . At the clubhouse of the Washington American League Baseball Club they tell a funny story about Sidney Cohen, the young pitcher who almost got a berth with the team . . .Sid, it seems, played at one time with the Nogales team, which - played its games across the Mexican bor¬ der . ^. The management decided to give the Mexican fans a native player to get excited over and renamed Cohen "Jose Garcia" . . . Jose went overj* big, and the Mexican fans gave him a Qarcia Day , , . One morning "Garcia" ^sappearcd because he had to become Cflllien' again, and the Mexican papers carriM big head- ^Continued ,on Pa^ 2)
JERUSALEM.. <WNS Aigency)—A nation-wide school hpliday in honor of the silver Jubilee of the reign of King George V lias been procliaimed by the Jewish National Council, of Pales¬ tine for May 6. All Jewish residents of the country have been asked to partici¬ pate in the celebration by flying the British colors from their houses. In Jerusalem the jubilee will he marked with an impressive parade of His Majesty's forces in.Palestine. High Commissioner. Wauchope will revie>v the marchers,    ,
MISS MARY KAHN
Agudath Achim Sisterhood Final Meeting Tuesday
.The Sisterhood of the Agudath Acjiim will hold its final meeting of the. season Xiiesday, May 14th,,promptly at 2 p. m., in the banquet hall. of the synagogue. Mrs. B. Wolman Will read the opening prayer.' Cantor Phillip^Gellman will ren¬ der vocal selections. Following the busi¬ ness meeting. Mrs. A. Shafer will serve refreshments in honor of the birth of a grandson.
It is: urgent that every chairman be present at this meeting as final reports will be given.
Jewish Shelter Home tq Hold '   Package Party Sunday
The Hachnosis Orchim. Society will hold a Package Party this Sunday eve¬ ning at 7 o'clock in the social halt of the Beth Jacob synagogue, Mrs. I. Garek and Mrs. Pier are in charge of the ar¬ rangements..
A rummage sale will be^cc.*!' / ^ in the hear, future. Collections 'ford sale will begin Monday, May iiith. I^. col¬ lections, please call either of tlie fo.tow- ing ladies: Mrs. I, Garek, FA 8S08; Mrs^ Wm. Cohen, GA 3J)53; Mrs. S. Wcisnian, AD -lOOC, or Mrs. N. B, Coheii, EV 5179.
Mrs. Weisman, Mrs. Garek and Mrs, N. B. Cohen ha.? been appointed chair¬ men for the sale. .
The officers and board members take this opportunity of thanking Mr. I. Pailet and Mr. Sam 2eldin for their kind dona¬ tions. ¦
Miss Mary Kahn l^as been chosen as the Sweetheart .of the. Fourth. Annual A. Z- A. May Prom, which will be held tomorrow evening (Sunday), atthe Colurnbus ^Women's Cl"l>. 530 E- Town street. Miss, Kahn will be. escorted by the Chapter Aleph Godol, Sam A. Schlan¬ sky. Miss Cecilia Sehalit, Miss Bertha Ruben, and Miss Annette Warsaski have been named as attendants to the Sweet¬ heart and will be the guests.of members' of the Dance Committee, whiph is com¬ posed of the following Alephs:.Ted T. Finkelstein, Irwin Barkan arid .Reliven. Greenberg..
George Boiler and his Society Orches¬ tra will play a.'group of the popular tunes to the'day in the contest to.de¬ termine Columbus* Best Jewish Dancing Couple. Valuable awards will be given to the winners who will be chosen by a committee of prominent, Golumbus dance instructors. Mr, Boiler will also feature novel arrangements of the Song of A. Z. A., "Up You Men," aild "The Sweetheart Song." A feature.of the .evening will be the floor show \vhich will be presented by the Eddie. Powell School of the Dance.
The dance committee has arranged for tables to be. set all! around the spacious ball room of the Women's Clvih, all of which will be available to-dance patrons for the evening. Many parties wishing to be together during the evening have re¬ served tables together. Persons desiring table reservations for their groups, for which there is no additional chai"ge, may still dp so by calling Teil T. F'inkelstein, FAirfax 07U4. . :
Tickets may be purchased from any meinber of Aleph Zadik Aleph $1.60 per couple.
The Animal Graduation Exercises of tbc Bryden Rd. Temple High Schgolwill be held next Friday evening, May 17,,at 8:00 o'clock, in connection'with the Sab¬ bath liivc Service. . - This event denotes the growth of thc Religious School of the Teiiiple. Three years ago, there were no Post-Confirma¬ tion study classes Ileld in conjunction with the School. Since the coming of Rahbi Samuel M. Gup, great emphasis has 'been placcjl upon the development of an ade¬ quate High Schoor system, which will in¬ clude, all those young men and )vomen who were confirmed during the past two. years.
The first coinmdricement was hehl last year comprising a class of fiye graduates,. This year the number,is ten, composed of young liitn. and women,who have regu¬ larly attended class for the last two years every Sunday morning. The purpose of thc curriculum for this coursc is to pre¬ pare young people of the Temple for adult Jewish manhood and womanhood, giving tliem a tliorough acquaintanceship with current Jewish events, )ewish .institu¬ tional life and the problems which con¬ front the Jewish people. During the first half of the; year, the group' was. led by the' Rabbi, and during the second half by Mrs. Stanley E., Hertz.. ; ; The speaker on this occasion will be Rabbi Max C... Currick, .qf Erie, Pa. Rabbi Currick is oiie of the leaders in American Reform Judaism. He is the Chairman of the Peace Committee of the Conference and a incmber of the Hebrew Union College Board of governors. For a nuniber of" years, lie v<tas a joiil-iialist, contributing daily to the"cditoriar i>age of the leading newspaper qf his city;
Rabbi Currick is coming to Columbus' especially to grace the occasion .of this coininencement, A most, cordial iiivita- tiqn is extended to the public, and espe- eially' to the "yoting nien. arid women of. high school age in our city; to attend the "service. ¦ . ?''.'''¦
The full program is as follows:.Organ Prelude; "Vision,'^ Rhineberger; Opening Prayer, Elinor Levin; .Sabbath Services: Otto'Stern, "Russell Joseph, Edwin Frankj Leon Friedman; Vocal Responses, Her¬ bert Calliff; "Carrying o.n.the Banner of Israel," Asher Moser; "Looking Fqr- wjird," Jane Schanfarber; Poem, Rhea Ornstein; Musical Number—Solo-^Lord Gddof Abraham, Mendelssohn. ; . Remarks, Rabbi Samuel M. Gup; Ad¬ dress, Rabbi Afax C. Currick; Anthem^ "Send, Out ,Thy Light," Gounod; Pres¬ entation of Certihcates, Mr. Leon J, Goodman; Closing Prayer,: Richard Shu¬ man; Kaddish, Benediction.
Prominent Pittsburgh Rabbi
Will Speak at B'nai B'rith
Mother's  Day  Meeting
B'nai B'rith Convention Gets Ten-Pt, Program fpr Fight¬ ing Anti-Semitism in America
Flower Day to be Observed by ,    Local Women Pioneers
Dtie to raip last Sunday, the Women Pioneer organization wilt observe their anriual Flower Day this Sunday.
A comniittee has been appointed to can¬ vass the homes, and it is hoped tliat Co¬ lumbus Jewry will cooperate with thiem in this very worthwhile cause. The pro¬ ceeds' will go to the Labor Fund of Palestine. Your contribution, large or small, will be gratefully received.
Beth Jacob Sisterhood Meeting
Mrs. C. H. Furnlan, president of the Beth Jacob Sisterhood, urges every mem¬ ber to attend a special meeting Tuesday evening, 7:30 o'cloc.k, in the vestry room of the Beth Jacob Synagogue. Matters of importance are to be brought up for disciission^
Important Meeting Sunday.-
Mrs. Jacob Schottenstein,: president of the Taaras Hamischpocha Society, urges every member to attend an important meeting Sunday afternoon, at 3 p. m., in the social hall, of the Agudatli Achim synagogue.
At this time, each member wilt have the opportunity tq voice Ijer opinion on the prospective site for the new building now under consideration.
It is Ihe duly of each and every mem¬ ber to be present at the meeting in order to make a final decision.
B. B. Will Sponsor Important Symposium June 10th
David L. Durschnitt, chairman of the open forum committee of Zion Lqdge, No. 62, B'nai B'rhh, announces that an important symposium will be sponsored by Zion Lodge on Monday evening, Jime 10,, at the Winding Hollow city Club, 142 S. Parsons avenue:
Should Jews be Encouraged to Enter the Prbfessions?" is'the subject which will be discussed by the participants ^n the symposium. The viewpoints of law¬ yers wilt be presented' by Sanford Lakin and Max Ziskind; of doctors, by Samuel S. Danziger; of architects and engineers by Mark D: Feinknopf..
This is the first program of this nature presented under the auspices of Zioii Lbdge irt.over twelve years. All those who are interested are urged to reserve Monday eveninig, June 10 for this im¬ portant event. The meeting will be'open to the public.        ¦
Sr. Hadassah Board Meeting
The regular Sr. Hadassah board meet¬ ing scheduled for May 13th, has been changed to Tuesday, May, 14th, at 1:30 p. m., at the Schonthal Center. Members are asked to be prompt. '
Rabbi Zelizer will Address Joint Meeting bf Youth Organi¬ zations
Ori Sunday, May 12th, a joint meeting of the major youth organizations of the Schontlial Center, including the A; Z. A, BudHadassah, Young Judea, and DeMo¬ lay, ^ill be marked by the presence of Rabbi Nathan Zelizer, who will deliver .^n address to the young people at the SchonthalHdme, at 3 p. m.     .
At this "Parent's Day Meeting," Ruth 'Thall, violinist, Ruth Wells, pianist, and Miriam Burman, vocalist, will provide the musical program.        ^
RABBI H. HAILPERIN
Rabbi Herman' Hailperin, spiritual leader of the Tree of Life Congregation of Pittsburgh, will be :the principal speaker, at the annual .B'riai, B'rith- Mother's Day celebration which will take place in the auditorium of the East Broad St. Temple, .this ,,Sunday evening, May 12, at,8:15 o'clock.'
Rabbi Hailperin js one of the outstand¬ ing , conservative rabbis in the , country and has fqr many years been, active in all important Jewish movements. For two years he ,wfas chairman of the United Palestine Appeal for Western: Pennsyl¬ vania; He is president of the,United Synagogues of America for .Western Peniisylvania,; arid chairman of the Cul¬ tural advancement committee of E'riar B'rith in that section of the state. .During 1925 and 192G he was instructor at the Uoiversi|ty of Pittsburgh iri the History, and Philosophy.Departments. He is the son-in-law olthe late Rev. Simon Silver¬ man of the Agudath Achim congregation of this city, ..
A most cordial invitation is extended to the entire cqmrtiunity to attend this gala event whicl) has been looked forward to; by the entire Jewish community^ for several weeks. Louis A. Gertner, chair¬ man of the Mother's Day program com¬ mittee, announces that a;special Mother's Day ritual will be conducted under his supervision, and he will be assists by Max Ziskind :and Dr. Morris Krakoff. A musical program has also been ar-: ranged for this meeting. ,   V
, The officers ,of Zion Lodge hope, that a large and representative gathering will turn out and unite in paying respects to the Mothers, of'this land. Every lady present will receive a white carnation.
Don't forget the tinie and place, Sun¬ day evening, M^y 12, at 8:15 o'clock, at the Ei Broad St. Temple.
ARTHUR HERSCH ELECTED TO PHI BETA KAPPA
Arthur A. Hersch, a senior in the Col¬ lege of Arts at dhio State University, was last week elected to Phi Beta Kappa^ national scholastic honor society, Hersch entered Ohio State on a scholarship, and in his freshman year was elected to Phi E(a Sigma, honorary fraternity. He is a member of Scabbard and Blade, honor¬ ary military fraternity, and has recently received his commission as Major of Cadets. Pie is also a member of Hillel Players, the Hillel Student Council, and Sigma Alplia Mu Fraternity.
Hersch is the. son of Mr, arid Mrs. Wm. A, Hersch, 1810 Oak street.
Loan Society Rummage Sale
The Free Loan Society will conduct a rummage sale in the near future, the exact date and place of which will be an- nounced in the columns of the Chrohtcle. In the meantime,, anyone liaving articles to contribute to this sate, wilt please calt ^V 4038 or EV 3»5e, and sanie will be collected.
Fiamous Russian Basso Singer
Responsible for Pinchik's
Coming to America
No less an artist than Feodore Cha- liapiri, the great Russian basso, is respon¬ sible for Cantor Pinchik's. coming to America. It waS during a rehearsal at the Oiicago Civic Opera Company when Clialiapin was asked if he knew of¦ an outstanding singer abroad he qould recom¬ mend to bring to the U. S. He replied that on hi^ last visit to Russia he heard a young cantor named.Pinchik, who had beeri drafted by the Bolshevist govern¬ ment to entertain the masses, sing in Pet- rograd. , According to Chaliapin, Cantor Pinchik was a real artist of unusual ability and if brought to America, he said, would be a sensation wherever he appeared. ,
' Not only has Pinchik proven a sensa¬ tion since he came here, but he is actually idolized by thousands for lus beautiful singing in the concert hall as well as for his devotional services in the synagogue.
Although it is generally accepted that Pinchik's ultra-orthodox style of singing will only appeal to those who have been reared in the iatmosphere of the syna¬ gogue, the fact of the matter is that Gentiles enjoy his style of singing just as much, which proves again that music is a universal language, understood by all, provided, there is a. master player to strike the proper chords.
Cantor Pinchik will conduct Sabbath services at the East Broad St. Temple, next Friday evening. May 17, and Satur¬ day morning, May 18. He will also sin^ at special "Mariv" services Monday eve¬ ning, May 20, to be followed by a con- ciert, and will .count "Sefira" on both Fri¬ day and Monday nights^
WASHINGTON, D. C (WNS)-A tcri-point   program   for   combatting anti- Semitism in the United States was laid before ..the fourteenth' quinquennial, con¬ vention of the B'nai B'rith, by Sigrtiund Livingston, chairriian of the B'nai B'rith's anti-Dcfamatiori League, in presenting a report   of  the   League's  activity.    After reviewing,the development of anti-Semitic movements aiid pointing out that they are    . motivated by' different causes, Mr. Liv¬ ingston cited the fact that the anti-Jewish groups in this  country were atteiripting .; to  discredit the things  they  oppose by' . labeling them "Jewish."    Vigorously at-^ tacking those Jewish leaders, who utilize   , their position of lead^^sl)ip iti thc Jewish coiiimuriity  for personal .aggrandizcriient- and warning that tliey are a menace to American Jewry, Mr. Livingston offered ,, the following program to meet the. prob¬ lem of anti-Semitism iri this country:       . :, 1. Every avenue of enlightenment must     ., be utilized and no slander or libel miist be permitted to remain unchallenged. 2.   , ' The books of childhood must be revised and .every character portraying.the Je\y as a monster.,must be obliterated.   3. In books utilized-:in .grade and. high schools' the characters of.jev^s known in classic literature   produced   when   the   authors- thereof were swayed by 'rcligioiis fanat- icisin  or despotic dictatorship  riiust.,be replaced by characters truly portraying, the Jew.   4. The mysticism arid ignorance concerning the Jew, his ethics, his;;iC0ri- tributions to the world, his philosophy of iife, his. religious-^faith, must be clarified by the public. .5. Every popular fiction as to the Jew should be corrected by the ; , trutli.    When Wall  Street bankers arc,.' referred to as Jewish bankers. When as • a.matter of fact,the Jewish bankers fornii only a minority of this group, the truth, .!; must be, shown.   When the loyalty Of the,; Jew to his. couhtry or, his,'patribttsin  is   ; traduced, answer with governmental rec^ qrds. ,   When  his   morals   and  ethics- In business ire questibncd, show the truth   ; by  a  proper. and accurate  comparison. G. When'malefactors are pointed to as jews,  produce  the 'comparative  records   ; of.the penal institutiqns of this country. 7. Evesy accusation must be answered by facts and notby mere denials. 8. A fair distribution !of .Jews  in   vocations : and avocations' must be attempted;' .• p.:Every ' large city'should, have a local committee cbmposcfl of men possessing proper quali¬ fications, to deal with Unjust .discrimina-   ¦, tion.   ThepjaJi of qpergtion should nevCr. be militant..   10. The efforts.for the pre¬ vention of defamation upon, the screen,   , radio and print must continue with unr abated vigilance. '        ; .     <
Pays Tribute to Jews,    -.- Joseph .W. Byrns, Speaker of the House of  Represenfativcs, who  was the guest   [ speaker  of the :convention,  paid. tribute . to the contributions of the Jews to the development of America, Assailing iraciaL ; priejudice ,as  a  stumbling. block  in the path of civilization and a heavy handicap { to deriiocracy, Speaker Byrns urged the, delegates to rememher that ."before we are Jews and Christians, we are Am'eri-   ' cans."    He said that'the difficulties and dangers which come from ignorance and . prejudice have ho place "in a democracy where national peace and tranqijilUty dc- ¦ pend upon the patriotic  coopct'ation of every citizen, regardless of race and reli¬ gion." .
' Dr. Isaac M, Rubinow, executive see- retary of the Ordei*, reported- that the, membership Is now 67,000, a decline of 7,000 as compared, with iMo, but the number.of lodges increased from C02 to 627 in the satrie period. Eriiphasizing ¦ that B'nai B'rith had successfully passed tlirough ^ crisis which threatened its very existence, Dr; Rubinow told the delegates that in five years since the last conven¬ tion the Order expended $1,000,000 on philanthropic and cultural activities as part of. its program uf concentrating on Jewish culture and the organization of efforts for improving the civil and social position of. the Jews.
An appeal tu end the rivalry in local Jewish communities between local and national Jewish appeals by the develop¬ ment of a national program for Jewish social welfare and the establishment of an organized relationship between national Jewish agencies and the communities to which they appeal for support, was made to the convention by Ira M. Younker, vice-president of the National Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds. Pointing out that many national agencies appeal to the same comnumities, Mr. Younker urged that "the principle of co¬ operative Unity, as it exists in local com¬ munities through federations and welfare funds be extended to become a national principle in Jewish welfare."