Mt. Vernon Republican (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1854), 1861-01-24

              1 11! run Wv-v 11 mm . . ! . .11' I t ' - J "wit I' .JliMlyiiiluo.;; VOL VII. N, I OHIO, JANUARY 24, 186L NO. 12; W. L. SIMONS. BAPP & 81 MORS, ; ATTORNEYS AT LAW, V. ' OFFICK-No. J, KM" llun oisfi. . jprU-n.3-y MT. VKKNON, 0. 4- 4m. 'vmni V A N C K & COOPER, XTTORNKYS Al LAW, MT. VEltNON, OIHO ' Ofiee srttlhettttoorntirijf Main and Chestnut sts rposlte KaoH County Hank. tept.O Vjlil. o. SorlIT..,.;..l ,i..JOHHD. MUSH BONNKY & KOU8B, 'ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW ASD SOLICITOUS IX CUAKCSR K, M MAIN ST., PEORIA, ILLINOIS. , Particular attention given to Raul Estate nnd Collection caam throughout the atato. "glT : ', i w, .: i WALTER II. SMITH, i ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR , j . . .; AT LAW, ',, ,,'. I MT VKRNON, OHIO. m Offlt oo High Street, opposite the Court House, 1 i I nr."ifoV a ' MT'PPFf WT.T. ftftnr.ipv and (loniise or ill LilW A'h NOTARY PUBLIC. . OETICE-NorthBide Kremlin Blook, ' " MT.'VERNON, OMI'i. lltlr? W. COTTON W. . BAN ' it COTTON BANE. Attoraet's & Counsellors at Law, i iTILLatUnd wall business Intrusts to their VV eare.lnanyoftheUourte. " OFFICE, N. E. Cornerof Main and CltiibierSts Sverryi.'sMerchantTailoringEstabliskiient. . Oct. l.th I8i8.if- ' D. 0, ' MONTGOMERY, ' ' : . if IPHI? IT liWt 1 c IS BOOTH BUlLwNO OYER MCSIO STOKE; '. 'Sptclal , attention given to tb Collecting of m J: .. J al, HMWriaii anil Itlll Mftl Eltftte, V IBUUJf, HU h puivg....... - - ---- '1 Kt for sale unimproved land aa follow r. 40 acre i uu"1;', ' , rtT wV i w. nAnnt MUtnnri. SOS term in St. Fran- : roll County, Miwouri. alio 125 acre andoti40 aorelolin unrain vouniy, """ J"", MereerCounty,Oolo. , , March 1. t,l-tf. , : SASH, D06R3 AND BLl D . . ''" J. A, Anderson, KANOrACTPRSa AND DIALER IN SASH, DOORS, AND BLINDS, ' Oen. Jones' Ware Mouse, Eiuh St., Utween Main ani R. R. Depot, ' Mount Vernon, Ohio A hi KISDa of worn ottnsiantiy oo nanus ana warranted. All ordr pomptly executed.' jf- ory fine Lomber, Shinglet, Lath, 4o., alway "on hand. ' April J8,184,Mly. ; ' -V r DR. D. M'BRIAR, J W Ul : w - - " -in Ui VnAn OIiIa. anil vimnit. i.lnMDatkaaperinanDD.ij fiiuu m toiuh iui 1 thtpurpota of Practicing hit Profession In the la Hoit and most substantial atyl of the Art: and I ' . u 4.k.ia kn nieiv ttLvnr mi with their patronage, thai my work shall and will compare t. Da.n la uDiiiTtr tin nfiRiniMTV. I 'with any in the State. : . I would alio my lo those who (i n aOieted with DUo.ued .MouthM, that I am pre-- sared to treat all dieaieaof the mouth undor any -I . . 1 1 : I ; . , .. : ... .(..V,!. .The botof roforenoeeoan be givon. OFFICE Over Ruaell h titurgee' Bank, 3rd f ioor Below Mr. o perry awre, jiwnouo.i, w ' Vernon, Ohio. 'm.!... t.)Hin In Annniint'inff tfl tha nitlc. nfl o ' 1 Mt. Vernon and vicinity, that he continues to Attyontne ' 9b all iti branched, at hie old stand, at the font of Jlain street, opposite BUCingnom- rounary, wnore -will be found Bureaus, Tables, Chairs, Bedsteads, nansnas,upoani, bo, . VDIJDERTAKING. ' : 1 liar proTided myself with I a new and elegant yer called upon. Coffins of all kinds kept on hand ''and made to order. ' ""TebiJ'MB 4tt. i,' .m j Hosiery 'A ' LARGE ABSORTMEST OF MEN'S AND - Boys half Hose and Lediand Chlldrens Hose, ' ''' '' " --" 'MILLER a WHITE'S. '"TpROBAti: "notice.: ''. - ".,T' ' . 'i' The following named ExcoBtors, Administrators and Quartlians i.iTo filod thairaooounts for settlement:' ' ','.'' " '' l , " Pbilp Loveridga, Administrator of Jabei B. Lor ridgej tnal acoount. '''' , Qeorga C. Beers, Administrator of . Thomas Mo-, llillen. final aoaouaL- v. 1 . x John Powell, Administrator of, Martha Powell, . tnal acoount- " :l . ' ' - ' James MeDan iel, administrator of David IToDan- . . Birr. ; lei, anal aocoanf, . . , , i. " ' W. T. McMabon, adottniitrator of Luoinda Dillon, 'i'inalaocount. . . ' ' As M. Townsend, executor of fhomas Tcwnsend final acoount. .''" William Loner, administrator of Nancy Carrol, final acoount. ' E. P. Holmes, administrator of Solomon Ulnard, final account. : ' Isaac Beam, administrator of PhebeA. Lewis, "! aocount. r-f ' Andrew Welker, guardian of Bmh Walker, tnal -. Moount. !.. i Phlletui Ackley, guardian of AbnerB. Pollock, '." eAal, tnal aocoant. 1 J. 8. VasUller, guardian of Clara Newell, et al, 'fattial aona "' ' James Rlo, guard iaa cf Benjamin Rico, at al, -ixearttalacCount. ' r... Jamas A. Beant, guardian of E. P. Lewie, et al, partial account. Robert Greer, guardian of Jacob Hardeigeret al, i partial aacont. '' , Robert Greer, administrator of Stephen Woodruff, ' partial aeeeunt. ' "- W. O. Johnson, executor of Thomas Johnson, "J Bnall aoeountk - ' Any parson Interested may tlo written exceptions to any of sxid accounts or teany item thereof, oa or before tnaatnaay ot looruary, taoi, at wnion time said aooounti will be for hearing and settle- J. S.DAVIS. jaa IT nll-w3 prf 3,50 1 i . - Probato Judge. '! Jlead the Following Good in. GOODS AT C031,eAND'N6 HUMBUG! i" Tl AVING purchased the stock of goods lately , ' XI ewned by Wot. Oldroyd, it it my intention to .. (iispoMof them positively by the let of Maroh, . The y atook eonaiate in part of Cloaks, Watches, Jewelry, . fancy Goods, Notions, Ac .-' (School 'Books and Stationery I ' '- .promiscuous Books and Bibles. One hundred 'n jjrots Oldroyd's superior 303 Steel Penajnstrecoiv-r 0i and manufactured to order by UlUott. . A large uisnrtment of '' , ' Wall ' Papet ani Window Blindt ! - evhlohwlll b sold 20 per cent less than can b jhooght In this place. ' ' ' ' ., Coal Oil laitip8,f Burners A filumuevs . ii A tno tot of OVAL GILT PICTURE FKAUlts, . 1 Akaoheapast ky half ever sold ia this market. : ivtWs have agoed assortment of goods just received I .!..froai'tkeEaat, all of which mutb disposed of. : rt . 1. Re pairing eif all kinds done up, In order asd ) anmptieea. ( Store on Main street, epposit the KenyoB House, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. - aovll'no, Bl-nm' t h. u, mncuij'. (ttr.BOQTS, SHOPS AND LEATHER AaioHent BMortmenl and VERT CHEAP. Jn.t'rele at WARMER MIL LE ICS Bj2J'0 h:!l " " - r NEW GOODS AT The New Store! G. & W. D. BROWNING . , Arejust opening an additional stock of NEW AND BEAUTIFUL GOODS Just purchased at the very lowest tguret and of tue latest vittv vnmr RTVT.r.s JUll 1U1UL UA 1UUUI Which thoy are now prepared to offer their Frlebds Cuitottibrs and mn public, on tearmsas lavoraoie as nv House in this section of the country inthil irattitumr tmj' ao tun tnrcnu co otmwont. Among tneir new stoca win vv iuuuu FRENCH REPfl. ' CASUMIERS, . MERIN03, VALENCIAS, ; MOHAIRS, r I f DELAINS, . FRENCH ENGLISH , PRINTS, and a variety of OTHER STYLES OF DRESS GOOUB too numerous to mention. 'They would also call particular attention to tneir STOOK OF SPIAWLS. which for their styles and aiiality, AT THE PRICE are not to bo exceoded. : They .have also a fresh supply of KIBBONS AND DRESS TRIMMINGS " A fine assortment of LADIE'S .AND CHILDREN'S HOODS. Please oall and examine them. For Gentlemen, they bave a good fresh atook of. . . . MEN'S WEAR, which for price and quality, are not to be beat in this market, . SO, THEY THINK! They have also on hand a good stock of. LADIE'S, CHIDDREN'S and UEBTUSAUSlva Boots ek,xxSL Slioea of nearly every kind.wb.ioh they are offering at vary f - r. L AI7 II DDAWVTMO WW yrtV9 U. M , V UUVIT11111U. Nov. 14, '60-nJ tf. . . . .. ' ' ' AN ORDINANCE To prevent sliding on the side .walks or street of Mt. Vernon. Sec. 1st. Be it ordained by the City Council of the City or Mt. Vemonr 'that it shall be nnlawf-il for any person to slide on hand sleds, boards or any other vehicle wnatever, on tue siae waiiuorstre of aaid oily. 1 ' ""Sec. 2d. Thai any person violating the first seo. tion of this ordinance, shall, upon conviction before the ilnyor, he subject to a nne or not loss tnan one dollar, nor more than three dollars, at the discretion of the Mcviir. ' J 1 ""''.. , . ' ' . Sec. 3d. This ordinance to take effect and be in force from and after its passage and due publioa tion. it : Passed Deeeraber25th, 1860. . E. 8. S. ROUSE, , GEO. B, WHITE, . Clerk Pro Tern. , . . Pree't- .:nl0w3-l,25 . f LEGAL NOTICE. tin rhe Court of Common Picas of Knox eounty, Ohio. . . . r I - .i :t it T1..1 ..I 'ir Mn.n... o..i.M4 Lydia his wife, Timothy M. Bartlett and David Reck. The said David Reck who is a non resident of the State of Ohio, and supposed now to reside in the Slate of Iowa, is hereby notified that on the 30th day of Ootober, A. D. 1860, the said Plaintiff Sled his amended petition against said Defendants in the Court of Couimnit Picas of Kuox county, Ohio, the object of which i.4 to obtuiu Judgment on a promissory note, made by said Quier to said Bart-lott,'Uy JOth, I860, and ptyable May 80th, 1S00, for $210, with interest from date, also to foreclose a mortgage on lot 44 in Norton's northern addition to Mt. Vernon, eieoutodbytBict ucorceyuier and by dia, his wile, to secure said note, and for sale of said mortgaged premises, said Petition sets forth that said nolo and mortgage was assigned by said Bartlett to said I'laintm long colore maturity, and that since the execution of said mortgage said Da vid Reck has acquired some interest in said real estate, by virtue of a pretended sale modo by said George Quier as the exooutor of one Mary Hutton, deceased. Said Reck is further notified that unless ha plead, answer or demurs to said petition on or before the third Saturday after the expiration of six weeks publication ot this notice, the allegation Ol saiu psuuon wiiiirjuikvo m ouuia.Bvuauajuug' ment renderoa accoraingi linely. ' ISRAEL A DEVIN, Jan l0'61,nl0-w6-4,50 Att'ya for Pl'ff. - ADMINISTRATOR'S NOTICE. Notice la hereby riven that the undersigned has beea duly appointed and qualified by the Probate Court of Knox County, Ohio, as administrator of the estate of wuiiam Miller deceased, no lOwJ , , ', ASA BROWN, Adm'r. SHERIFFS SALE. " Etna Hibbitta,' by her guardian, Robert S.ipp, vr. Henderson nionitu et ai. f arauant to an order of tale Issued from the Court of Common Pleas of Knox onnnty, Ohio, and to me directed, I will offer at public sale, at the door of the Court House, in the city ot Mount Vernon, inKnoxoounty, Ohio, On Saturday , the 10th day of Feb., A. D., 1861 between' the hours of 10 o'clock a. m. and 4 o'clock p. m. of said day, the following described real estate. (subieot to a Widow's dower,) to-wlti The S W quarter of the N E quarter of section 11, Tp s and Range lO.containing 40 acres, more or less. TheE K oftheN Wouartor of teotion 1!. To 8. and Range 10, containing 80 acres." The Weet)f of the 8 E quarter of section 11, Tp 8, Rang 10, excepting from said quarter the following tract of land, sold and conveyed ny Jonn neomits and wile to Obediah Tucker, by deed dated April 10, 1840, beginning at a white oak, at the 3 W corner of the west half of theS E quarter ofsoetlon No 11 in Tn 8 of Ranee 10. thence east on the section line. 20 rods, more or less, to atone No 1 placed at a black oak thence a north easterly direction 60 rods, more or less, to a stone placed as a oorner with four notches In, thence a north westerly direction 60 rods, mora or less, to a stone corner No 1 Thence south 65 rods, more or loss, to the place of betrlnninc The tract so told 1 4 - estimated to contain 13 acres, the whole supposed to contain 80 aeret) and alto the rollowing descriDed tract conveyed ny UDediah Tucker and wife, to John Hibbittt,by deed dated Anril 16. 1840. beinrin the N E corner of the S E quarter of section 11, Tp 8 and range 10, and more krtlcularly described at rollows: iJcginmng at the , E, corner of the abort described tract, thence south 16 rods, mora or lesa, to a stone No 2, thence north westrly to a stone No 4 enjthe Mohican river bank, thence no the river to the lino divldlnr the wst half of the S W quarter of soetion 1 1 Tp 8 and range 10, thence east 10 rods, more or lest, U the place of beginning, containing on tor Br ore or less. " .; TiiRMi or Sali One third in Cash oh the day of nle,onthird in one year, and on third in two years, the deferred payment to be secured by mortgage on the premises, and to bear interest from the day of Mle, Apprtisod sub joCt to widow's dower at $2360,00. : ' - J A ME3 S. SHAW, Sheriff. . jin lO-no 10-5w-$.60 --PHE UNDERSIGNED, a resident and practicing ' X Physician of Knoxoounty for the last twenty years and of the city of Mt. Vernon for the last nine years, proposes to treat, If called on in the onset ef the disease, all the various kinds of Fever our city and vioinity are tubjeot to, suocMsfully or ne cberg made forserviresor medicine. . , Also Bilir.us Colic, Cramp Colic, Diarrhoea,Choi-r-Infantum, Croup, Cholera Morbus and Cholera, (it its season) on the above principle. Diptberia, (putrid or malignant sore throat) Scarlantina, In-Sainatiei of the Lungs, Ac, wilt be treated with success tr no charge. , - Cancers of any kind ordesoription, Cancer Warts Ron Cancer, Nodes, Went, Molet on the face or neck, Blotches on the face or neck, aayor allof these will be removed without Ui knife, and cured or no charge made for treatment. Recent easel ef Felont cured without lancing. . Particular attention will be given to all kinds of female diseases or weakness. Also to the healing of eld sores, Ac, Ac. . , . ,. A cure will be guarantied in all coses of the generative o-gans. i . - . N. B.-t-Prlvat consultations ram andiTaiCTLT connnsHTtAL. ' . '.- . OiTFICS-0 Via rtstof .Vnln-st . Mt. Ver nor.Obk.. DR. J, 11. OFFICER. f ,t:; iji :j5 SPEECH OF SEN. SEWARD. ABSURDITY OF SECESSION EXPOSED. The truion Worth all it can Cott. A NATIONAL CONVENTION, IP NOT IUPUAUTICABLE, Propmtiont for Conciliation, SENATE, Washington, January 12. . Mr. Seward addressed the Senate at follows! ; Mr. President, Congrecg adjournod 'ast aummerarnid. auspices of national abundance, contentment, tranquility, and happiness. It was re-assembled iliis winter in tbe presence of derangement of business and disturbance of publio as well as private credit, and in tbe face of seditious combinations to overthrow the Union. The alarm is appalling; for onion is not more the body than libertv is the the soul of the nation. .The. American citizen has been accustomed to believe the Republic immortal. He shrinks from the sight of convulsions, indicative of its sudden death. iThe report of our condi tion has gote over the seas, and we who have so long and with much complacency studied the endless agitations' of society in the Old World, believing ourselves exempt from such disturbances, now, in our tum, seem to be falling into a momentous and disastrous revolution. I know how difficult it is to decide, amid so many and so various counsels, what ought to be and even what can be done.. Certainly, however, . it is time for every Senaior to declare himself. I, therefore, following; the examplu of the noble Senator from Tennessee, (Mr. Johnson,) avow my adherence to tbe Uuicn in its integrity, and with all its parts, with my friends, with my party, with my Slate, with my country, or without either, as they , may determine, in every event, whether of peace or of war, with every consequence of honor or dLhunor, of hie or death. Although . I lament the occasion, I hail with cheerfulness the duty of lifting up my voice among distracted debates, lor my whole country and its inestimable Union. . : ... i , . Hitherto the exhibitions of suirit and resolution here, as elsewhere, have been chitfly made on the side of disunion. I do not regret this. Disunion is so unex peeled and unnatural that it must plainly reveal itself before its presence cun be re allied. I like best, also the courage that tines slowly under the pressure al severe provocation. If it be a Chvibtian dutv to forgive to the stranger even seventy times uveu uueuceB, it is me nig, neat patriotism to endure without compli.ii.t the passion ate waywardness ef political ' brethren so mug a mere is nope tnut tney may come to a better mind.: X (liiuk it easy to pronounce what measures or conduct will save the Union. I agree with the honorable Senator Irom Worth Carolina, Mr. Clingman that mere eulotriums will not save it. Vnt I think that as prayer brings us neater to t i ,i , . . vrua, mougn u cannot move mm towards us. so there is healinir and Ravin. virtnn in my word ol devotion to the Union that ia euuaeu, auu in every s ma mat ill (lanovr a . r .l fi .. . P. uittwa mini, a nuuw at leant, mat Jige virtue, it derives strength Irom every, irreverent act that is committed, nnd vnrv blasphemous phrase that is uttered against The Union cannot be saved bv mutual eliminations concerning enr Mmnpciim. share of responsibility . for the Drvsent evils. : He whose conscience acatuts him will naturally be slow to ; accuse others whose . co-ooeration he needs. Hiutorv only can auiust the great account. ' A ..! .1 i . . .. .a cunuu.iaoce oi me aenaie on tbe constitutional power of Congress over the subject of slavery in the territories will not earn the Union. Thh'nnininna nf parties and sections on that question has hAMm, flArmBl!jtal . nn 4 , i . . 1. ! . uvgujBMVW, ' auu I. ! iUIV VirOUIH- stance that, has . nroduced the existinir alienation. , A truce, at least durincr the debate on the Union, is essential to rucon. ciliation. Tbe Union cannot be saved hv nrnvino- that secession is illegal or unoonstiluiionaf 5 - I . t r ereons sent on mat leariui step will not tand long enough on forms ol law lo be dislodged: and loval men da not neeA O - 4 ' " such narrow ground to stand upon. i ie.tr mat lime more win De gained from discussing the rirht of th fH,nl govainmtut to ooerce seceding States into nku.tinnna TS innnlnn '. a HA . 1 ' question will give place to the more p-ao lioal jone, whether many seceding States hawa a rirht tn enflrna tVin rmoirin.. """""' uiovuiviu ID IU ku UU. IUIB membtrs to acquiesce in a dissolution. l areaa, as in my innermost soul 1 abhor, civil war, I do not know what the Union would be worth if saved by the use ot the sword. , Yet, for all this, I do not agree with those who, with a desire to avert that great Calamily advise a conventional Or unoDnoaed teoaratinn' with a view to what they all o II a reconduction. It is enough for me, first, that in this plan, destruoUon goes before recon-struoiion: and secondly, that the strength of the vase of which tbe bopes of tbe na tion are held consists chiefly in its remaining unbroken. OtnoTcaainnMl enmnromis. ir. tint .ikily lo save the Uuiun. I know, indeed. thai trorlilw.n f.vAn ftiia Z. .-m tt pamhh But ' if ie pssential la it tnnctii. In in case, that there bs found a prepondera ting mass 01 citinns, so lar neutral on tbe Ulna which flpnara'sa nartioa. that Lho eao inlerrene, strike down clashing wea- Eons, una compel an ' accommodation, derate concestions are not customarily asked by a force with its guns in battery; nor are liberal enncpaaiona ant In ha rriren r b by an opposing force not less confident ol j i own riht and ( pwa strength. 1 think, also, that there is a prevailing con viction that legislative compromises which sacrifice honestly cherished principles, while they anticipate future exigencies, even if tbey do not assume extra-consti tutional powors, are less sore to avert imminent evils than they are certain to produce ultimately even greater dangers. Indeed, Mr. President, I think it will be wise to discard two prevalent ideas or prejudices, namely, first, tbat the Union is to be saved by somebody in particular, and secondly, that is to be saved by setae cunning and insinoere compact a 'pacification. If I remember tak.,j, I said something like this h?re so'long ago as 1860, and afterwards in 1844. The present danger discloses itself in mis lorm. uisoonlented aniens have obtained political power in certain States, and they are using this authority to over- tn row tue lederul government. They de lude themselves with a belief that the State power.- they have acquired enables mem to discharge themselves of allegiance to the whole Republic The honor able Senator from Illinois (Mr. Douglas) says we bave a right to coerce a State, but we cannot. The President says that no State has a right lo secede, but we bave no constitutional power to make war against a State. The dilemma results from an assumption that those who, in such a case, aot against the federal government, act lawfully as a State, although manifestly they have pel veiled the power of the State lo an unconstitutional pur pose. A class of politicians in New England set up this theory and attempted to prcatice upon it in our war with Great uritain, Mr. Jclterson did not hesitate to say that States must be kept within (heir constitutional sphere by the impulsion, if tbey could not be held there by attraction. Secession was then held to be inadmissible iu the face of the public enemy. But if it is untenable in one case it is necessarily so in all others. I fully admit the originality, the sovereigntyand 1 be independence of the several states within their sphere. . But I hold the federal government to ou equally original, sover eign, and independent within its sphere And the government of the state can no more absolve tl.e people residing within its limits from allegiance to the Union, than the government of the Union can absolve them pom allegiance lo the slate. The Consli ulicn of the United States, and the laws made in pui8uuce thereof, re the suprtmd law of the laid, paramount to all legislation tf the. states, whether made under the Constitution, or by even their organio conventions. The Union can be dissolved, n t by secession, with or without armed force, but only by the voluntary consent of ti e people of the United Status, collected in the manner prescribed by the, constitution of the United Slides. Congress, in the present case, ought not to be impassive. It ought, if it can, to redress any real grievances of the offended statts, and then it ought to supply the President with all the means necessary to maintain the Union in ihe lull exhibition and discreet exercisa of i s authoiiiy. Beyond this, with the proper activity on the part of the Executive, the responsibility of saving the Union belougs to the people, and they are abundantly competent to discharge it. ' I propose, therefore, with great deference, to address myself to the country upon .the momeLtous subject, asking a nearing, not less rrom luo people witbin what, are called the seceding, than from those who reside within the adhering States.' 1 Union is an old, fixed, settled habit of the American people, resulting from convictions of its necessity, and therefore not likely to be hastily discarded. The eaily stales,; while existing as colonies, were combined, though imperfectly, through a common allegiance to the L riiish Crown. When, that allegiance ceased, no one was so presumptuous as to suppose political existence compatible with disunion; and therefore, on the same day that they declared themselves independent, they proclaimed themselves also confederated states, . Experience in war and in peae from : 1776 until , 1787, only convinced them of tie necessity of converting tbat loose confederacy into a more perfect and perpetual Union, They acted with a coolness very different Irom the intemperate conduct of those who now on one side threaten, and those on the' other who rashly defy disunion. They considered the continuance A the Union as a sub ject comprehending nothing less than the safety and welfare ot all the parts of wbicb the country was compose'', and the fate of an empire in many respects the most Interesting in the world. I enter upon the subject of continuing the Union now, deeply impressed with the same generous and loyal conviction. How oould it be otherwise, when, instead of only thirteen, the country is composed of thirty-three parts, and the empire embraces, instead of only four millions, no less, than thirty millions of inhabitants. The founders of tl e constitution, more over, regarded the Union as no mere na tional or American interest.' On the contrary, they confessed with deep sensibility that it seemed to them have been reserv ed for the people of this country to decide whether societies of men are really capable of establishing good government upon reflection and choice, or wbetter t'.ey are torevtr destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and foroo. They feared, therefore, that their failure to continue aqd perfect this Union w0uld (e a misfjrtune (o the nations. How much more, sir, would its overthrow now be a calamity to mankind I r Some form of government is indispen sable here i elsewhere. What ever lorm we have, every individual citizen . and every state must cede to it tome natural rights, to invest the government with the requisite power. The simple ' question, therefore, for us cow to decide, while laying csidc all pique, passion, and prejudice, is: whether it cjnducet more to the in terests of ths people of this country to remain, lor tbe general purposes of peace and war, commerce, inland and foreign, I terials and all the forces of the seteral nnal.l .nmmiini.xlAa. . t Lmm.. .HJr9l.l.a AfrranivAa tlifcli. rfAfanpaa mt nnA postal communications at home and abroad, the care and disposition of the publio domain, ooloniiation, tbe organisation and admletdon of new slates, and. generally, the enlargement of empire, one nation under our present constitution, than It would be to divide themselves into separate confederacies or states. Our country remains now as it was in 1787 composed not of detached and distant territories, but of one whole well-conneoted and fertile region, lying within the temperate sone, with climates and soils hardly mors various than those of France or of Italy. This slight diversity quickens and ' amplifies manufacture and commerce. Our rivers and valleys, as improved by art, furniih ui a system of highways unequalen in the world. The different forms of labor, if slavery were not perverted to purposes of political am bition, need not constitute an element of strife in the confederacy. . Notwithstanding recent vehement expressions and manifestations of intolerance in some quarters, produced by intense partisan excitement, we are, in fact, a homogenous people, chiefly of one slock, with accessions well assimilated. We have, practically, only one language, one religion, one system of government, and manners and customs common 'to all. Why, then, shall ; we not remain henceforth as hitherto, one people? The first object of every human society is safety or security, for which, if need be, tbey will, and tbey must, sacrifice every other. . This security is of two kinds; ono exemtion from foreign aggression and influence; the other, exemlion from domestic tyranny and sedi'ion. Foreign wars come front either violation or domeslio violence. The Union has, thus far, proved itself an almost perfect shield against such wars. The United States, continually enlarging their diplomatic acquaintance have now trtaties with France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden, Prussia, Spain Russia, Denmark, Mexico, liratil, Austua, Turkey, Chili, Si-am, Muscat, 'Venezuela, Peru, Greece, Sardinia, Ecuador, Hanover, Portugal, New Granada, Hesse Cassel, Wurtemburg, tjiiina, Havana, Paxony; Nassau,' Switzerland Mecklenburg, Schwe.'in, Guatemala, the Hawatun Inlands, San S .'lvador, Borneo, Costa Pica, Peru, Bremen, ' the Argentine Confederation, Loo Choo, ' Japan, Brunswick, Persia, Baden, Belgium,' and Parguan 'Nevertheless, the if. S. within their entire existence under (he Federal Constitu.ion, have had fJhgrant wars with only four states, two of which were insignificant powers, on the coast of Barbary, and have had direct hostilities,' amounting to reprisals, against only two or three more; and they are now at peace with the whole world. If the Union should be divided into only two confederacies, each of them would need to make as many treat es as we have now; and, of course, would be liable to give as many cases of war a? we now do. But we know, from the sad ex perience of other nations, mat disintegra nor, once oeguo, inevitaoie continues until oven the greatest empire crumbles into many parts. Each confederation that shall ul.iraately arise but of the, ruin of the Union will have necessity for as ma.iy treaties as we now - have. and will incur liabilities for War as often as we now do, by breaking them. it is the multiplication ot treaties, and tbe waste sf confederation, that makes war the normal condition of society in Western Europe and in Span'sh- America. It is union that, notwithstanding our world wide intercourse, makes peaoe the habit of the American people. . 1 will not descend ao low as to ask hether new confederacies would be able or willing to bear the grievous expense ol maintaining the diplomatic relations which cannot be dispensed with except by withdrawing ftom foreign commerce. Uur federal government is bettir able to avoid giving just'oauses of war than sev eral ooalederacies, because it can conform the action of all the States to compacts-It can have only one construction, and only one tribunal to pronounce tbat construction, of every treaty. , Local and temporary interests and passions, or . personal cupidity and ambition, can drive small con federaoits or States more easily than a great republio into indiscreet violations of treaties. t The United States being a great and formidable power, can always secure favorable and satisfactory treaties. 1 Indeed, every treaty we have was voluntarily made. Smail confederacies or states must take such treaties as they c an get, and give whatever treaties are exacted. A humiliating, or even an : unsatisfactory treaty; is a chronio cause of foreign wr. The chapter of wars resulting frorun-justihable causes would in case oi divi sion, amplify itsell in proportion to tbe number of new confederacies, and their irritability. ' Our disputes with Great Britain about Oregon, the Boundary ol Main, tbe patriot insurrectjop in Canada, and the Island of San Jdan , the border strifes bstween lexas rin& Mexico, tha in cursions of the late William Wa.ker into Mixico and Central America; all these were ease in wb.Vca war was prevented only by the imperturbability of. tbe fade r,tl government. i This gvve.ri m nt not only gives fewer causes 01 war, whether just or unjust, than smaller c nfederacies would, but ii alwayr. has a greater ability to aocommo date them by the exercise of more coolness and 6ourage, the Use of more various and more liberal means, and the display, if need be, of greater force. Every one knows howplacahla we ourselves Are in controversies' with Great Bri'sin.France, and. Spain, and , yet how. exacting we have been in our inlercourfs with New Granada, ' Paraguay, And S?n Joan de Nicaragua. - . ; Mr. President, no one will dispute our forefatht rs' msxim, that the Common safety of all is the safety of each of the States. While they remain united, the federal government combines all tbe ma States; organizes their defences on one general principle: harmonizes and assim ilates them with one system; watches for them with a single eye, whiuh it, turns in all directions, and moves all agents under tbe control of one executive bead. A nsiion so constituted it safe against assault or even insult. War produoes always a speedy exhaustion of money and t severe strain upon credit. The treasuries and credits of small confederacies would often pro"e in' adequate. Those of ths Union are al ways ample. , I have thus far kept out of. tie the fo lations which must arise between the con federaoies themselves. They would be small and inconsiderable nations bordering on each other, and therefore, according to all political philosophy , natural en- etnfet, In addition to the many treaties which each must make with foreign powers, and tha causes of war which they would give by violating them, each of the confederacies must also maintain treaties with all the others, and so be liuble to give them frequent offense. They would necessarily have different interests resulting from their establishment of different policies of revenue, of mining, manufactures, and navigation, of immigration, and perhaps the slave trade. Each would stipulate with foreign nations for advantages peculiar to itself and injurious to its ri vals If, indeed, it were necessary that the Union should be broken up, it would be in the last degree important that the new confederacies tu be formed should be as nearly as possible equal ii strength and power, that mutual fear and mutual re spect might inspire them with caution Against mutual ottense. But such equality could not long be maintained, one confederacy would rise in the scale of politi cal importance, and the others would view it thenc-forward with envy and ap prehension. Jealousies would bring on frequent retaliatory wars, and all these wars, from tbe peculiar circumstances of the confederacies, would have the nature and oharacter of civil war. , Dissolution, therefore, i. for the people of this country, perpetual civil war. To mitigate it, and obtain occasional rest, what else could they accept but the system of adjusting the balance of power wl ioh has obtained in Europe, in which the few strong nations dictate the very terms on which all the others shall be content to live. When this hateful system should fail at last, foreign nations would intervene, now in favor of one and then in aid of another; and thus our cpuntry, haying expelled all European powers from the continent, would relapse into an aggregated form of its colonial experience, and, like Italy, Turkey, India, and China, becomo the theatre of transatlantic intervention and rapacity.' If, however, we grant to the new confederacies an exemtion from complications among each it er and with foreign sta'es, still there is loo much reason to believe that not one oi them could long maintain a republican form of' government. Uni versal snurage, and tbe absence of a standing army are essential to the republican system. The world has yet to see a single self-sustaining state ot that kind, or even any confederaiion of such sta'CJ, except our own. Canada leans on Great Britain not unwilling,, and Switzerland is guarantied by interested monarchal states. Our own experiment has thus tar been successful; beoause, by the continual ad dition of new states, the influence of each of the membe t of the Union is constant ly restiained and reduced. No one, of course, ean foretell the way andmanner of traveljbut history indicate with unering ce tainty tha end which tbe several confed' .. ciss would reach. Licentiousness wouU', ren der life intolerable! and they would soneror later purchase tranquility and domes' .fo safety ny tne surrenaor 01 iiuerty. ana Ye Id them selves up to the protection of nr,iliury deS' pouam. Indulge me, sir, in one or two details nn der this head. I irst, it is only sixty days since tnis aususion uiorererit began; already loose wno are engaged .a ,t have canvassed with portentous freed Vai ths possiblere-combinations of tbe sia'3 when dissevered, and the feasible alliar.ees of thosere-combinations with Euror an nations alliance? as tin- natural, and w nich would prove ultimately as pestilentiaVto society here as that of tbe Tlascalans ith the Spaniard, who promised them rev Dga upon tbuir ancient 'enemies, tne ahcs. Sec'jndlv The disunion movement arises part'(y out of a dispute over the common do- avjti 01 tn untied states, iiiineito tbe Onion ba confined this controversy within ibt bounds, of political debHto by referring it. with all other national onts, to the arbitra ment of the ballot-box. Does any one sop pots that disunion would tranaNr ths whole domain in either party,' or tbat any other umpire than the war Would, alter dissolution, be invoked 1 Thirdly This movement arises, in anotb er view, out ot ths relation of African slave to ths domes lo population of the country. Freedom is to them, at to all mankind, the chief object of desire. Hitherto, coder ths operation of the Union, thy have practically remained ignorant of tbe controversy, rs ptcially ot its bearing on themselves. . Can we bop that flagrant civil war shall rag among ourselves in their very presence and yt that they will remain stupid and idle spectators ? Does history furnish us any sitisfactory instruction upon tbt horrors 01 civil war among s peoplo so brave, so skilled in arms, so earnest in conviction, and so in tent in purpose, as w are ? ;ls it a mere chimera which suggests art aggravation of thise horrors beyond endurance when on either side, there shall occur tbe intervention ol an uprising feocious African tlave population of four, or six, perhapstwenty-millions? , ' . The orini a of mankind o'aang. and with them tbe policies, of, nitiooi. One hundred years ago, all the commercial Knnpesn state were engaged in transferring negro slave from Africa lo this hemitphsra. To day sll those States sr firmly sat in hostility to the extepcion and even to tha practice of sUrery. - Opposition to it takes two forms: out Europtsn, which is simpte, direct eboli- ,tlon, effected, if need be, by compulsion: the other American, which seeks to arrest the Africsn slave trade, and resUt the satranes of domestic slavery into territories whore It is yet unknown, while it loaves the dlsposti tion of exiating slavery to tha considerate; action of Ibe States by which it is retained. It is the Union that restricts the opposition1 to slavery in ibis country witbin these limits If dissolution prevail, what gnsrtnty shall there b agtinst the full development here ef the fearful and uncompromising hrstility lo slavery which elsewbeie porvades the world, and of which the recent invasion of Virginia: was an illustration h. . , Mr. President, I bave deaittncdly'dwelt 'so long on tbe probable efToots of disunion upon" the sefety of the American people as to Jetve, me little time toconsidertha other evils which must follow in its train. But practically, the loss of safety involves every other form of publio calamity. When once the guardian angel hat taken flight, overytbing is lost.' Dissolution would, not only arrest but ex-i tinguish ths ereatnedi of our m.m.n i,- II separate confederacies could exist and en uuio, vucy coma aoTorany preserve ho share Of the common nrpmlf-n of ii. IT: mi... 11 , , r - wiuuh. 11 tup constellation ia to bo broken up, the stsra, ....... o.iMjren wiiiciy apart or grouped in smaller clusters, will thenceforth shed forth feeble, glimmering and lurid lights.- Nor will groat achievement be possible for tha new confederacies. Dunnlm,,.. ..i.i nalize its triumph by acts of wantonness' WhiOn Wnnlri jahftf.tr Bn.t .l- .. t. 1 , "-"-, vuuiiii mo world. It would provincialize Mount Vernon and give this Capitol over to desolation at the very moment when tha Hum. is .::., heads that was to be crowned with the statt ue of Liberty After ihia tha... . for disunion no act of stupendous infamy to committed. NT .,,,,. ..f..i . . rv vwuicutjrui;y mas shall follow the United States, can prolong, or even renow. the majestic drama of nation!, al progress. Perhaps it ia to lie arrested bei cause its subrimity is Incatii.!,! nt nr,,nn; ance. Let It be no. if desreneratn. Afio. 'v.-i.: . .. a Z it1 . J ;. """"" nu me in flexible Adims, Henry, and the peerless .ebster.and tbe acute Calhoun, Jackson, the modest 1 ay lor and Scott, who . rises it greatness under the burden of ytars and Franklin, and Fulton, and Whitney, and Morso. bave all rerlYrm.1 thai.. .... 1.. .1.. curtain fall. ' While listenintr In than r?t,.t- r'i..J sometimos forgotten myself in marking their contrasted effects upon the page who custo marily stands on tbe dais before me, and tha venerable Secretarr tehnolfa v.,.i,;,! . .Th, youth exhibits intense but pleased emotion in the excitement, while at every irreverent word that is uttered against the Union the, yes of the aged man are suffused with tears, Let him wep no more. Rather rejoice, for yours has been a lot of rare felicity. ' You kawA anan and a . u... ocou uu uma a jjartot an tne greatness) of your country, the toweriag national greatness of all the world. Weep only you, and woep with all the bitterness of anguish, who are just stepping on the threshold of life; for that ereatnesa norkhna nrait,,i.,..i. .j .. o - - r ,'----"'-'7 uu , lata not for you, nor for me, nor for any that tiall M,rrta fl.. " ' " U1. WU.U ..vol U. The public prosperity! how could it survive the storm? Its elements sre industry hi the Culture of everv fruit; mininr nr .11 ... . - - o - .. tua metals, commerce at home and on every sea; ma voi mi luiyrovomcui, mac anows no obstacle and has no end; invention that rar. throughout the domain of nature; increseV knowledge ks broad as the human m h can explore: perfection of art as. htoh . 'V genius can reach; and social refine ent work ine for the renovation of lhir..i, V, ,, " 'una. xiotr could our successors proseci--te lhe3( DobI, Arlaajrava in 1 n i ern . I r.4 aa 1 ... " 7" ' T ur -'alizing conflict? What Euuaitees will ri.i..., such purposes have, t.t wiU outwoi h tfar r------ " 1 Jiiucai and military am- bttion? What !ei .. 11 .1.. J . , . , . ' uii citizen una for study, or in ve-jtion, or art. under the reign of conscription-, nay, wjiat interest in them will society feel when fesr and hate shall haye taken possession Of the national mind? .-.. . V.I1IUUU. ,n.g uaeu , ror its golden wealth will become tha priza of the net tint- '1 a . ' . . . M j inai can command tbe most irjn. Let the Aorderer tnlra pnr. fnm tK. Tn.'.n' :u ... . 1 ' ' .... juu.bu Will ,rttin lurk around his dwolling. ' Let the pi- ..... MM. 1... I. 1-U ...... . . vu.v. wins uttii. luiuuuruoiibor "etiiemenis; for the railroad; the post road and tbe telegraph advance net ono furlong farther into the wilderness. With staudihg arm :es consuming the substance of our people ba the land, and our navy and Our postal stearaars withdraw from the ocean who will protect or respect, or who .Will even kdow by name our petty confederations? Ths American maof ol-war is a noble spec'ac.e. I have seen it enter an ancient port in the Mediterranean. All the world wondered at it, and talked of it. Salvos of artU'eryrom forts and tb p ing U the harbor, saluted its flajr. Pi in w and prince.' se? and merchants paid it homage, and all the people blessed it ts a harbenger of hope for their own ultimate freedom. . lim-azine now the same n.hlo vaa-u-l a nin .m... ing the same haven. The flag of thirty three stars and ibtrteen stripes had been hauled down, thl in its place a -signal is run up, wbicb flauotg the device of : a lone star or a palmetto I'Mb, men ask, !'Wbo is the stranger that thus steals into our wsiers?, - The an-awercbntemptnouly given is,-" '-She comes from one of ths obscure republics of North Amerirs. Let nt r pass on.".,; .., . Ltstly, publio liberty. Our own. peculiar libertv must laneuish for a time, and than cease to live. And such A liberty! ' Free movement everywhere through our own land and throughout the worlJ, free speech, fred nrefm. free atifTrat-e tha freadnin nf innink. r 1 01 - - - v . j .ui,. ject 10 volt 011 every Uir, md for or agiinit WiviJ sasjctj re uw waapvurivs.-T, au lUllllalOra Or OX .A..aCs TTnalsaKln i.T... . A J tvintint1ff lnnfflhptl'iinf kotmrtlrta ' . w..ww .. fl " 'O -BMIVO fftiltUUt nd treason witbio, foraiidalile only to aoh otber, tod contemptible to til beside: how long will.it be bo fore, oa (Uj plea of publio ..r.i. iv. ,n sa..A.Ja i.. .11 ai.:- . Kla and nnAntMhiiAd lir-uirrv , m.nA mnnnrxt a. hateful and iutoleuble espionage of miliUry aespousra r - - . - . - " - Ard now. Mr. PreslJfnt, wharlslb) oftiti for thii mddeo an J eternal . scnlice, of ao mnnh fot r otaarniaia htinninnca snil f, n m iMWVii a" -V J 1 Bjivwuiwau, Hw,mauai wtnui 1 1 V y ' dom? Have foreign nations combined, sad art) they mming in rtgs' upon uk? No,.j So far Irotu ibeir lem enemies, thor is not. a nation On earth that ii riotan Inten s od, '' miring inena. even tne uonuon t imes, by no aieans partial to OS, say t! ' ' . Tt la nnllA nnaBililii that tha nntKUm int. Overthrow in a few days in a spirit tot Mir, Bdl RvhnoiiD and ahnrtsihtedrif aa." ' ' ! ' ...o (fivi.wvu, wvv.., .i.iuiibiMvr oppressive, or even rigorous or unsound?-t-U as the constitution lost its spirit, and all II . . ,1,. n. H,,nmnl kinm. Icmhuia-I -J at otmconapsea into a uieicsH jo : i r r - M; tbefedird eovernment smiles more b; 0 g-nantly, Sid works to day mors heneOcietiiiy (IOM1SVKU On iOl'RTa I'AOS.J