Mt. Vernon Republican (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1854), 1862-12-11

              V 111 VOL. I.X MOUNT VERNON, OHIO THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11 18G2. NO G TIIE MOUNT VERSON REPUBLICAN, TEItMS: Tor ono year (invariably in advance)82,00 For six months, 1,00 TKIt.MS OF ADVKRTUINO. One square, 3 woeks, Ono square. 3 month, One square, 6 months, Ono square, 1 year, ')ue squaro (changeable monthly) Changeable weekly. Two squares, 3 Weeks, Two squaros, 6 weeks, Two squares, 3 months, Two squares, 0 months, Two squaros, 1 yoar, Threo squares, 3 weeks, Three squares, G weeks, Three squares, 3 months, Three squares, 6 months, Tln-en unuares. 1 vear. 1,00 3,00 4,50 0,00 10,00 15.00 1.75 3.25 6,25 0,75 8,00 2,50 4.50 G,00 8,00 10,00 One-fourth column, ehan. quarterly, 15,00 due-third " " " One-half " " " 1 28,00 One column, changeable quarterly, 50,00 All local notices of advertisements, or calling attention to any enterprise intended to benefit individuals or corporations, will be charged at the rate of tcB cents per line. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Fellow Citizens of the Senate unci Jlonsc of ncpresentatucs! Since your last assembling, another year of health and bountiful harvests has passed and while it has not pleased tho Almighty to bless us with a return of peace, we cannot but press on, guarded by the best light ha gives us, trusting that in his own time and wise way all will be well. FOREIGN RELATION'S. The corrcsponnenee touching foreign affairs which has taken place during the last year is herewith submitted in virtual compliance with a request to that effect, made by the house of Representatives near the close of the past session of Congress.If tho conditions of our relations with other nations is less gratifying than it has usually been at former periods, it is certainly more satisfactory than a nation so ;unhappily distracted as wo aro, might reasonably have apprehended. In the mouth of June last there were some grounds to expect that the maritime powers which, at the beginning of our domestic difficulties, so unwisely and so unsuccessfully as we think, recognized the insurgents as a belligerent power would booh reecde from their position which has proved only less injurious to themselves ithan to our country. But the temporary reverses which afterwards befel the national arms, and which were exaggerated by our own disloyal eiti-zeus abroad, have hitherto delayed that ,act of simple justice. The civil war, which has so radically changed for the moment the occupations and habits of tho American people, lias necessarily disturbed ithe social conditions -and affected very .deeply the prosperity of tho uations with which wo have carried on a commerce that has been steadily increasing throughout a period of half a century. It has, at the same time, excited political ambitions and apprehensions, which have produced a profound agitation throughout the civilized world. In this unusual agitatiou we have forborno taking part iu any controversy between parties and factions in any such States. We have attempted no propagandist! and acknowledged no revolution, j but we have left to every nation tho exclusive conduct and management of it.s own affairs. Our struggle has been of course . oontemplatod by foreign nations with reference, less to its own merits, than to its 8 ipposed and often xaggerated effects, and the consequences resulting to those nations themselves. ' Nevertheless, complaint on the part of this Government, even if it wero just, would certainly be unwise. STAVE TRADE TREATY. The treaty with Great Britain for the suppression of tho slave trade has been put into operation with n good prosject of complete success. It is an occasion of special pleasure to acknowledge that the execution of it on the part of Her Majesty's government has been marked with a jealous respect for the authority of tho United States and tho rights of their moral and loyal citizens. The convention with Hanover for the nbolition of the State dues has been car-lied into full effect, under the act of Congress for that purpose. INDIVIDCAL GRIEVANCES. A blockade of 3,000 miles of Bca-coast tould not be established and rigorously enforced in a season of great commercial ac-tifity like the present without committing occasional mistakes and inflicting unintentional injuries upon foreign nations and their subjects. A civil war occurring in afountry whero foreigners resido and , earry on a trade under treaty stipulations in facecssarily fruitful of complaints of the violation of neutral rights. All such col- Tumour tend t excite misapprehensions and possibly, to produce national reclamations between nations which have a common in- tcrc't i'i pro'orvin;' pmcr and fnerid'-htp In clear cases of these kinds, 1 have, so far as possible, heard and redressed ooiu-plaints whivk have been referred by friendly powers. There is, however, a largo and augmenting number of doubtful cases up on which the government is unable to agree with the government whoso pro tection is demanded by the claimants. There aro, moreover, many cases iu which the United States, or their citizens, suffer wrongs from naval or military authorities of foreign States arc not at once prepared to redress. I have proposed to some of the foreign States, thus interested, mutual con ventions, to examine aud adjust such com plaints. This proposition has been made especially to Great Britain, to France, to Spain and to Prussia. In each case it has been kindly received, but has not yet been formally adopted. I deem it my duty to recommend an appropriation in behalf of the owners of the Norwegian barque Admiral P. Torcicns Riola, which vessel was in May, lSGl,pre-ventedbythe commander of the blocka ding force off Charleston, from leaving that port with cargo, notwithstanding a similar privilege had shortly before been granted to an English vessel. I have directed tho Secretary of State to cause the papers iu tho case to be commu nicated to the proper committees. COLONIZATION. Applications have beeu made to me by many free Americans of African descent to favor their emigration with a view to such colonization as was contemplated in re cent acts of Congress. Other parties at home and abroad some from interested motives, others upon considerations, and still others influenced by philanthropic sentiments, have supKCstcd similar measures, whilo on the other hand several of the Spanish American republics have protested against tho sending of such colonies to their respective territories. Under these circumstances, I have declined to move any such colony to any State without first obtaining tho consent of its Government, with an aggrcmeut on its parts to receive and protect such emigrants in all their rights of freemen, and I have at the same time offered to the several States, situated in the tropics or having colonies there, to negotiate with them on the sub ject, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to favor the voluntary emigration of persons of that class to their respective territories upon conditions which shall be equal, just and humane. Liberia and Ilayti arc, as yet, the ouly countries to which colonists of African de scent from hero conld go with certainty of being received andadoptcd as citizens; and I regret to say that snch persons sontcm-plating colonization do not seem so willing to emigrate to these countries as to some others, nor as willing as I think their interest demands. I believe, however, that the opinion is improving, and that erelong there will be au augmented and considerable emigration to both these eouutrics from the United lltatcs. COMMERCIAL RELATIONS. The new commercial treaty betcon the United States and the Sultan of Turkey has been carried into execution. A commercial and consular triaty has been negotiated, supject to tho Senate's consent with Liberia, and a similar negotiation is now pending with tho Republic of Ilayti. A considerable improvement of the national commerce is expected to result from these measures. Our relations with Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal, llussia, Prussia. Denmark, Sweden, and Austria, the Netherlands, Italy, Rome, and tho other European States remain undisturbed. Very favorable relations also continue to be maintained with Turkey, Morocco, China, and Japan. During the last year there has not only been no change of our previous relatious with the independent States of our continent, but more friendly sentiments than have been heretofore existing arc believed to be entertained by these neighbors whose safety and progress' are so intimately con nected with our own. This statement especially applies to Mexico, Costa Ilica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Tcru and Chili. Tho commission under the convention with the Republic of New Grenada, closed its session without having audited and passed upon all the claims which were submitted to it, A proposition is pending to revive the convention that it may be able to do more complete justice : The commission between the United States and the Republic of Costa Ilica has completed its labors and submitted its re port, OCEANIC TELEfiRAIT. i I have favored tho project of connecting tho United States with Europe by an Atlantic telegraph, and a similar project to extend tho telegraph from Saa Francisco to connect, by a Pacific telegraph wirc: with th wire that is being extended across tin l!"sian Empire. THE TERRITORIES. Tho territories of tho United States, with unimportant exceptions have remained undisturbed by tho civil war, and they arc exhibiting such evidence of prosperity as justifies an expectation thatsomo of them will soon be iu a condition to be organized as States, and be constitutionally admitted into tho Federal Union. The immense mineral resources of some of these territo ries ought to be developed as rapidly as possible. Every step in that direction would have a tendency to improve the revenues of the government, and diminish tho burdens of tho people. It is worthy of your serious consideration whether somo extraordinary measures to promote that end cannot be adopted. The measure which suggests itself as most likely to bo effective is a scientific exploration of the mineral regions in these territories with a view to the publication its results at home and iu foreign eouutrics; results which cannot fail to be auspicious. THE FINANCES. The condition of the finances will claim your most diligent consideration. The vast expenditures, incident to the military and naval operations required for tho suppression of the rebellion, have hitherto been met with a promptitude and certainty unusual in similar circumstances, and the public credit has been fully maintained, Tho continuance of the war, however, and the increased disbursements made necessary, demand your best reflections as to the best modes of providing the necessary revenue, without injury to business, and with the least possible burdens upon labor, Tlie suspension of specie payment by the banks made large issues of United States notes unavoidable. Iu no other way could the payment of the troops and tho satisfaction of other just demands be so economically or as well provided for. The judicious legislation of Congress, securing the receivabilily of these notes for loans and internal duties, and making them a legal tender for other debts, has made them a universal currency; and has satisfied partially, at least, and for the time the long felt want of a uniform circulatingmedium, saving thereby to the people immense sums n discount and exchange. A return to specie payments, however, at the earliest period compatible with a due regard to all interests should ever be kept in view. Fluctuations in the value of currency arc always injurious, and to reduce these fluctuations to the lowest possible point, will always be a leading purpose in wise legislation. Prompt and certain convertibility into coin is generally acknowledged to be tho best and surest against them, and it is extremely doubtful whether a circulation of United States notes, payable in coin and sufficiently largo for the wants of the people, can be permanently useful and safely maintained. Is there any other mode in which the nccossary provision for the public wants can be made, and the great advantages of a safe and uniform currency secured? I know of none which promises sa certain results, and at the same time so unobjectionable, as tho organization of banking associations under a general act of Congress, well guarded in its provisions. To such associations tho Government might furnish circulation notes on the security of United States bonds, deposited in the treasury. These notes, prepared under the supervision of proper officers, being nniform iu appearance and security, and convertible always into coin, would at once protect labor against the evils of a vicious currency, and facilitate commerce by cheap and safe exchange. A moderate reservation from the interest on the bonds would compensate the United States for the preparation and distribution of the notes and a general supervision of the system, and would lighten the burden of that portion of the pnblic debt employed as security. Tho public credit, moreover, would be greatly improved, and tho negotiation of new loans greatly facilitated by the steady market demand for Government bonds which tho adoption of the proposed system would create. It is an additional recommendation of tho measure of considerable weight in my judgment, that it would reconcile, as far as possible, all existing interests by the opportunity offered to existing institutions to reorganize, under the act, substituting only tho uniform national circulation for the local and varions circulations, secured aud unsecured, now issued by thcin. CONDITION OF TIIE TREASURY. Tho rccoipts into the Treasury from all sources, including loans and balances from the preceding year, for tho fiscal.year ending on tho 30th of June; IMS, were S'38,-SSS 117 fifl. of which sum 810.058.397 G2 - ' i were derived from customs; 81,735,331 73 ; from tho direct tax; from public lands 3152,203 77, from miscellaneous sources 8931,789 61; from loans in all forms 8529,-692,360 50. The remainder, S257.5 50; n the bnbuicc fr"m hi- ysr. Tho disbursements, during the same period were: For Congressional, Executive and Judicial purposes, $5,039,00!) 29, for foreign intercourse, 81,239,7 ID 35; for ' iniHcidlftnemw cxnnnum.AtuVm .1, J mints, loans, nost office defieieuces. col - l. .Mint, e - .,,! .i,n. i;t- IVVUUII Ul ICUilUII UilU UllJl, L 1 1 II l; L Mil I t' t-ft . $11,129,771 50. For expenses under the Interior iVpart-mciit, $8,102,985 C2; under the War Department. S39-1,3GS,4'J7 38; under the Navy Department, ? 12,07 1,589 79; for interest ou the public debt, 8l3,100;32-l 15; and for the payment of the public debt, including reimbursement of temporary loan and redemption. S9(i,0DO,923 09, ma-king nn aggregate of $570,841,700 25, nnd leaving a balance in the Treasury on the 1st day of July, lSG2,of $13,013,4 10,-81. It should be observed that the sum of $90,090,923 G9, expended for' reimbursements nnd redemption of the public debt, being included also in the loans made may bo properly deducted both from tho receipts and expenditures, leaving tho actual receipts for the year $487,788,324 97 and the expenditures, $474,744;7S8 10. Other information on tho subject of finances will be given in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, to whose statements and views I invito your candid and considerate attention. TIIE NAVY AND TIIE ARMY. The reports of the Sceretany of the Navy and War are herewith transmitted. These reports, though lengthy, are scarcely more than brief extracts of the very numerous nnd extensive transactions and operations conducted through these Departments. Nor could I give a summary of them here upon any principle which would admit of its being much shorter than tho reports themselves. I therefore content myself with laying the reports before you, aud asking your attention to thorn. rcsr OFFICE. It gives me pleasure to report a decided improvement in the financial condition of the Post Oflico Department, as compared with the several preceding years. Tho receipts for tho fiscal year 1801, amounted to $8,349,290 40, which embodied the revenue from all States of the Union for three quarters of that year. Notwithstanding the cessation of revenue from the so-called Confederate States during the last fiscal year, the increase of the correspondence of tho loyal States has been suflicicnt to produce a revenue the fame year of $8,299,820 90, being ouly $50,000 less than were derived from all the States of the Union the previous year. The expenditures show a still more favorable result. The amount expanded in ISGlwas S13.G0G.78D 11. For the last year the amount has been reduced to 11;-125,304 13, showing a difference of about $2,487,000 in the expenditures as compared with the preceding year, and about $3,750,000 as compared with the fiscal year of 1800. The deficiency in the department for the previous year was $1,551,900 93. For the last fiscal year it was reduced to $2,112,814 57. These favorable results a reMn part owing to the cessation of mail conveyance in the insurrectionary States, aud iu part to a casual review of all expenditures in that department in the interest of economy. The efficiency of the postal service, it is believed has also been much improved The Postmaster General also opened a cor-j'"o' respondence through the Departmeit of State with foreign governments, proposing a Convention of postal representatives for the purpn.se of simplifying the rates offer- cign postage, and to expedite the foreign mails, the proposition is equally important to our adopted citizens and to the commcr- cial interests of this country has been favorably entertained, and agreed lo by all the governments from whom replies have.! been received. I ask the attention of Congress to the suggestion of the Postmaster General in his report respecting the further legislation required in his opinion for the benefit of the postal service. THE INTERIOR. The secretary of the Interior reports as follows in regard to public lands: The public lands have ceased to be a source of revenue. From the 1st of July, 18G1, to the 30lh of September, 1802, the entire cash receipts from the sales of public lands ,hle than were $137, 477, 20, a sum mm . . i llio expenses ui our lauu rio.u.u uui.uu. 1 . . J c the same periott. The homestead law which will lake effect-on the 1st of January next, offers suoh inducements to settlers that sales for cash cannot be expected to an extent sufficient to meet the expenses of tho general lend office, nnd cost of surveying nnd bringing tho land into market. The discrepancy between the sums here stated as arising from the salos of public lands and thq sun. derived from tho samo source, as reported from tho Treasury department, arises, as I understand, from the fact that tho periods of time, though ap- .1 1 II-. AntnAtl.t 4 Cp-Sptn. Theory report in-' eludes a considerable sum now which had previously been reported from the Interior, sufficiently largo to greatly overreach the sum deprived from the three months now ,.. ,1 ,. I.v (1... Ttnnr nnd not bv ' the Treasury denartniont. ' i ' ' i' fl T? t X- TT k W I U . THE INDIAN WAH, ., . iiwuv am another generation com-in. uui i:rtje ana rapi'.n, iuer.'a.ug ' " The Indian tribes upon our frontiers , . .. , , . , , tit ....L',,, i 1 , the earth abideth forever. It is of the product-", and we shall be overwlienne.l have, during tuo past vear, manifested a , , . . , - , ,,,. ,. .. j . , first nii'oiteiire to dulv coimder and osti- with the inogmtude of the prospect pre- spirit of insubordmatiou. and at several i . ,. i . . , '. ,. ,' . i mate this never ending part. J hat pur-, sented. nnd Vet th:S region has no soil- points engaged in open hostilities ngnmst, , i . , , . . , . ,, .... ni i tion of the earth s surface wlm-h n owned cudsI. toiu lies no ccean anywhere. A-the white settlers in their vicinity. 1 he . . . , , .. , , ., i T i- ,i and inhabited by the people of the I iiiti-J purl ol one nation us t.e p e luw mav liml tribes occupying the Indian country south - 1 ' ' . , . ,, . ' , States, is well adapted to the home ot one and u.av foievar find their way to Earopi- of Kansas renounced their allcgiuuco with " .',., ... n i . i i - " i . o .i a "). , " , I national family, nnd it is not well adapted by New l uik. to South A mm lea and Atn the I nited States and entered into a trca- , ' . ; . ... , , , . , , . . . . , fur two or more. Its vast eitcnt and its (a by New Orleans, and lo Ana by au tv with the insurgents. lhose who re- . ' . ,, , . T- i a : variety ol climate and production.--, are of 1 1 ranewco. mamed loyal to the I luted .States Wire , . ., . . J .. .. ..... Hot . .-.!. mir v.mrnr.n c.-.tmtrr it.!.. driven from the country nn m c r Hie Chief of the Cherokees has visited this city for the purpose of restoring the former relations of the tribe with the United States. He al-iodges that they are constrained by superior force to enter into treaties w ith the insurgents, and that the United States neglected to furnish the protection which their treaty stipulation required. In the month of August last, tile Sioux Indians, in Minnesota, attacked the settlers in their vicinity, with extreme ferocity, killing indiscriminately meu, women and children. The attack .vas wholly unexpected, and, therefore, no defense had been provided. It is estimated that not less than 300 per sons were killed by the Indiai)3, and a largo amount of property was destroyed. How this outbreak was induced is not definitely known and suspicions, which may be unjust, need not be stated. Information was received by the Indian liureau from different sources about the time hostilities were commenced, that a simultaneous attack was to be made upon the white settlements by nil the tribes between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains. The State of Minnesota has suffered great injury from the Indian war. A large portion of her territory has been depopulated, and a severe loss has been sustained by the destruction of property. The people of that State manifest much anx iety for the removal of the tribes beyond the hunts ot the btate, as a guarantee against future hostilities. The Commissioner of Indian affairs will i'urnuU full details. iNri:n-coMMt:.iCATroy. I submit for your especial cou.-ideralion whethe," our Indian system shall not be remodeled. Many wise nnd good men have been impressed with the belief that this can be profitably doue. I submit a statement of the proceedings of the Commissioners, which shows the progress that has been made in tho enterprise of constructing the Pacific Railroad, and this suggests the earliest completion of the road, and also the favorable action of Congress upon the projects now pending before them, for enlarging the capacities of the reat canals in New York and Illinois, as being of vital and rapidly increasing importance to the whole nation j land especially to the vast interior regions j hereafter to be noticed at some greater cngth. I propose having prepared and laid before you, at an early day, some interesting and valuable statistical information upon this subject. The military and commercial importance of enlarging the llliuois and Michigan Canal, and improv- tho Illinois River, is presented in tho report of Col. AVebster to the Secretary of i :ir alul now transmitter to t.ongress, j respectfully ask your attention to it. AGRICTLTVRE. 'fo carry out the provisions of the act of : Congress of the 15th of May last, I have caused the Department of Agriculture of the United States to be organized. The Commissioner informs nic that within the ,.ri.,.l of ... few months, this dcT-artmcnt .li-ii i . .... , el has established an extensive system ol . , i i correswinduNco and axehnnges. both at i home and abroad, which promises to effect highly beneficial results in the develop uicnt of a correct knowledge of recent improvements in agriculture, in the int re duction of the agricultural statistics of the ; different States; also, that it will soon be prepared to distribute largely, seeds, cereals, plants and cuttings, and has already published and liberally diffused much vab uable information in antWpatmn of a ! more elaborate report which will in duel i..v,o hrt It.rMichn.-l enikmei ny some vaiu- ...... . - ruiuu, .eoram;i. iiou .v ' ' ..I. ;;;,,it;n n ml. .... '.,.,.. able test, in chemical science now in pro- ' ,cn mUliol,, ofpcop!c,and will , '"T ' 7,7 T V Kress in the labaratory. The creation of L fif w,hJn nfy yoan., fc3f?: ' this Depnr.nvmt was for the more immcdi.i , aov r,itif., foi,; cr c. ha?1 ate benefit of a large ck3 of our most val-j tcon(ainmc0 lt,Q cn(!,Vr! ef the " J:'eA fe " edf' uablo citizen,, and I trust that tho liberal ! 0,n;J hy tho Ky.M Elatc.f ,er. "S hrncut of alavcry but m such . basis upon which it has been or-pniwl I pmore t hau me million of soke,. ' M Ela shaB U 8C3tCi will not only meet your approbation, but miicl oao-half as popuh u, r.s Ma-?uehu- that it will realize nt no distant day a11'c(,t;?;ir,;a,lv ;, .it would h.ne been nor,- Ariiel.----Cci.gre-' ro-iy apjrojriul. (he fondest nntWpstimis of its most . 1 ,i,:,n scvuntv-five millions of people. A '""iiey, or othenvii-e provide t .-vl-mjing guiue friends, and Kcome (he fruitful L,.mC), &t uwp,hows t!wt. territorially i 'fl r tv'"ri' ' J-.'rfom" with th!r own consource of advantage to all our people. j paling, it i the great My f the KV,W at y pl rW witbm the emancipation and pif-i'MON i public. The other parts are but mirginfil j D',0;'S,J---flmb Mddavof Sentcmbtr lift, a borders to it, the rasenifieeut region sir., I beg indulgence to discm thou f ro- proclamalion was issued by tho Eitccntivej a eonv of which is herewith submitted. ' f l" AT1TT Tn accordance with the purpose CTprc---ed in the second paragraph of that puper, I production of provisions grains; grass,-uow respectfully recall your attention to j and ull which proceeds from them. Th;-whut may be called "ooinncii'ated cmaio-i- great interior region is naturally one of 1 patio..." A nation ...ay be said to cont of its territory, its people, its laws. The (territory i the only part which is of cor- I tain durability-. ' One veneration russet ' . , , . 1 advantage in mo age oi one peopie. nm- i . . . . . 'ever they mmh have been in turuier n-'.-s Steam, and teWraplu, and intelligence, rei-elliou, ami every man in mis grea. in-have brought these to bo an advantageous ' thereby cut off from Some combination for one united people. ' e or '""re "f these outlets, not perhaps In the Inaugural Address I briefly jmin. ; l.v physical barrier, but by embarrassing ted out the total inadequacy of disunion as'""' onewns trade regulations, and this is a remedy for differences between the pco- trurt wherever a dividing or boundary line pie of the two sections. I did so in laii-'-j";J L-' M- rlai'e il between the now guagc which I cannot improve, and which j fr':l' aml B,,,v,, eountry, and place it south therefore. I beg to repeat. M" Kentucky, or north of Ohio, and still One section of our country beiges the truth remains that none south of it can slavery is right nnd ought to be extended, M1-!" to any port or place north of it, and while the other believes it is wrong and i oue mirth of it can trade to any port or ought not to be extended. This is the I PllU'rt "Uth of it, except upon terms dicta-only substantial dispute, j ted by a government foreign to them.-- The fugitive slave clause of the Cou.rti-j T1''-' Put,et-'- . t nd lh, nr.. tution and the law fr tno eupj.res.sion of i indispensable to the well being of the peo-the African slave trade, are each us well 1 1''0 inhabiting, and to inhabit, this vast in-enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever bs '"'or region. Which of the three may in a community where the moral sense of!UP ,he ,)eJt M proper question, all are the people imperfectly supports the law it- better than either, and all of right belong self. The great body of the people abide by tho legal obligations in both cases, nnd a few break over each. This, I thin, cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both instances after separation of the sections than before. The foreign slave trade now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately re;ivcd without restriction in ono section, while fugitives, now ouly partially surrendered. would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking, we cannot separate. "We cannot remove our 'respec tive sections from each other, nor build au impassable wall between them. A hus- land and wife may be divorced and go out cf the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our country caunot do this. They cannot but remain face to faee,and intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is it possi ble then to make that intercourse mere advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before? Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully onforccd between aliens than lawscan among friends? Suppose you go to war, you cannot light always, and when after much loss on both sides, and no gain rn cither, vou cease fighting, the identical old questions as to terms of intercourse are again upon you. There isno lino, straight or crooked. suitable for a national boundary, upon which to divide. Trace through from east to west, upon the line beteen the free -. lid slave country, and we shall find a little more than one-third of its lenght are rivers oay to be crossed, and populated, or soon to be populated, thickly upon both sides, while in nearly all iU remaining length are merely surveyor's linos, over which people may walk back and forth without any conscioir-ne of their presence. No part of this line can be made any more difficult to para by writing it down on paper or parchment as a N'aticnal boundary. . Pl, ' ,. .-' 3 ,,i unon the nart of the eeceedinu rcelion the fugitive slave c!:t:i?c: along with all other crmstiiolional ..Mixtions o,. the seetioi. i ir i -i t i 1 1 . ! seceded from, while I s.hould expect no ; i ii . . .1 . i treaty stipulation would ever uo made to take its place Rut there h another diftcultv The feat interior region, bounded cast by the j .Allcghanic, north by the l!ritsh rfomin- l ions, west bv the Rockv Mountain?, an! south bv the line along which the oulti- vation of corn and cotton meets, and which mdiUes pan 01 irgima. part oi icnucs-; see, alt of Kentucky, Ohio. Michigan. WIf- ... .OT-". .. I :R Mif?oari, Kan. Iowa!, ji';nncrota. acJ the Territories of Pa-11'' . . . . . i . . .p r..i 1 : ping west from thcKo.fcy Mountuioslo the , p-.isc.l urines at some leng'h. Wjihca'. Pacific, being the deepe-t and kU tht:mn the Mb.-Hie.isht.ubl n-vCr h;.ve m- rli-hot in ,Wfl , r-e? , tl,,. Hi- m.t important m tn woriu. As-r lain from the statistus the small propoi tiou of the region whk h kaa not as ve il into cultivation, anil also tl.e , , ... . . . , C t. --j ,. . . i, ., u.u ,,, , l"u "". " -..5MrU UJ j to that people pud to their successors for ever. True to themselves, they will not ask where a line of separation shall be, but will vow rather that there shall be no such line. Nor are the marginal regions less interested iu theje communications to and through them to the great outside world. They do, and each one of them must have access to their Egypt of the west, without paying toll utlhe crossing of uuy uatiotial boundary. Our national strife springs not from our permanent part, not from the lands we inhabit, not from otir national homestead. There is no possible fwerving of this but would multiply 1 ftnd not mitigate evils among us, In all it.s adaptations and attitudes, it demands Union and abhors reparation. In fact, it would, ere long, force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the scparati' n might have cost. Our strife pertains to our.-elves, to the passing generation; of men, and it cannot without convulsion be hushed for ever, with the passing of one generation. With this view I recommend the following resolution and articles amen-da'oryto the Constitution of the United States. HcsrJiol, By the Senate and hou::e of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assemble! two thirds of both Ilou-e- concurring, that tho following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures or Conventions of the several States, as amendment to the Constitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislaturesor Conventions, to be valid as part or parts of the said Conititu-tion, namely: Article.-- F.very Stale whereiu slavery now exists, which shall abolish the same therein, at any time or times before the fintt day of January, in the year of our Lord 1 P00, shall receive compfnfat.'cn from the United State as follow.3, to wit: The President of the UuiinJ States thali deliver to every such State tends of the United States, bearing interest at the rat of . for each slave rhown to have been therein hy the eighth censuscf the United . .R . . . ! State, said bonds to be delivered to said . C - I '.i.-l . i c"u" w " parcel ftl ''ie completion of the abolishment, accord- 1 ' ii'un me --amc snau u.ie '.-ecu Lrrauu ii c ... . b .. or atone time, within bueh State; and in terest shall begin lo run upon any such bonds only from the worer time of its de .. j afirw,r,, An g8(p in received bnndsssnforce.iid, and afterwards introducing r r tolerating slavery therein, shall refund to the United States the bond so received, or - the value thereof, and all ,;ntt,w, ,13i( (hereon. . .. , .. , . in. e'Tr . . . , sc.uai l.vouom dv too cnanccso! mc 1A ,t - .,..v ti- .ir !? finv timn ,wd nn rnn rvt mr Tf? I -r;:, .1 11 l ,.,- f,. H lemon, shall be forever freo, but I1 ov - d. .th-nt HH, 6 r