Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1859-01-11

              r ; - V .... ; . ?7 ' L 7;-. HT- 11. 1C53. "ITQL 00 -. 7 0 '9, 4 Ccsla I7ooavrd, Clock, Tilrt Stery. f irtie r t yw. r twty, ft , Governor's Uessagc. -' . - - - iZ CilvtCM of tU Scnatt At tb eanoaeaoaoient ef your'reguljw teMioo jear aa, I inuumotad to 70a ia obed'tenca to tba Consuloiion, fu.ll axpwittoa of tba fer cooduioa T ib State, toxatber with aack ra eMBinea4aioa t rapeci ta legistaiioo, s tha patUie Rood aeaa4 ta ma to require. Ia ih&X eottaaaicaiioa I audeaTored to vet ia a clear liltt tba iaJaml progreM, the material reaottrcea and tha fiaanend atreaia of oar gTeat twmmoawealUu It- jgfi. tro foapproprUta, ovbefora proeeadin W jnorapeciaI atata bcbU aod paritcaWr atsetUoaa, to submit to Joa ao4u frerMsnJ tiewi of oar aoeial cotrdkiea, , at actad bj ether eVemeaia than tboae to which I ibes iavtied yrw atteniiutK Seveatj 00a jears ago aat la now Ohio waa anbnira rtUcraeaa. Sevenlj year ajro tba Work of Americao ciriliztioo wiibia bar limit aaut been a bytb tfctUe taenia at llarieUa Had Ciacisnati. Fi ft j-Aw jenn agoaba beeama a Siata of tha Araneaa Uufotu tier subac rtMnl social progrraa baa keca a aaU'usa Ui aoaph. Twdaj a ponsrVtl com av wealth, nam' bariac nartr 41iom a half of pnopla cztata apon ber o "nb aiMM,rpaed eririe, redoarcra apenriea of drelpmvU nd meas 1 of happiae" FrtMQ lb eiaeea ahdjr reach rd we aurej, with ront lent feHaaca upon the fvnr of Oiviaa ProvldatiCa awd tba MtHpinuion ; of Free Iiwtitutipus, tha loftier beighu jet to La alt v aed. ' - , . .. . - Pntminant among ttia elemenU wVic detet sjnlaa aocial condition i the hanerabla ad vane Tor decline of popalatioa. "The rale aod cbanc ler of tbia moveiaeat, in the abaeuca of a cen moiit he fixhered from the aaiaher of mar rirJ of birth"; of deaths of .itmatirranuq of erairant, aad of new babiKtioBS. Foe aacer tainins lK number of theae with rea-oab5e ccr-taintr. ufiieieat oieaaa aralapUed by Sua aud Federal lejriaUtum. Aecordmr to tba eatiauOes of the Oma'iMWr of oratwtiea, tha marriaces ia Ohio darra; IA5S vera 24.000; the drtb . 43.000 ; tha births 80,000 h Batarazations c 6.000; the new struct urea 10.000. Tha increase by birtba, accordittj( to tb .Critiaiale, is 35,000 . onaually, and the yearly uamirratioa from fr-ia ooaorries and other States is estimated to " ceed me ya rlt emijrratioa by 20.000; eiviutc an ar?regaie increaae of 53,000 aaauI!y or -410,000 in ei-ht jeara. The Dew etroctares, al -Mowing aiz persons frf each, indicate nearly the aMt mte of proiriss. The pop a I it ion of Ohio ia 1830 was 1.988 329, aad in now. if tba estimate just referred to, be eurrect, 2, 0.329. . . - Tha fore moat concern of aa intelligent and rrosjvnos people is Public Instruction. Tba mittd f aVery community is tha motive power of its a4eaneeaent; and tha measure of iu adaca tion is practically iha measara of productioa and of a.H auhstantiai pro?rea. In Onto the Consti tutioo winelr reqiwrea tha Qenerml AsaemrUj to seenre a tKoroai; b and e ilUneot ystau of Com nMi Schools teroajrbowt the Sttr. The honor of the first act, ia f-l ailment of tha duty thus ' r.joioed, belongs to tba Lg-istare of 1852-3. That Legulaare re-orfuied oommua school dacntioa in Ohio. It does not at all detract from the honor jastly due to it, to aay that much bits been done by .reUus lejcialatioa and by tha intelligent aod zealoas labors of tha firet State Superintendent and tba State Teachers Asaocia. tion. to pre pare the way for the cara prebenai re awd beoeScioot snaaaure then adopted, nnder which tha Ckmmon Schools of Ohio have aetata d their praseut state of cxcelleoca od aseful near. . ; -, .-' --. : -y A tkrief eompsrtson between tba condition of oar Co'Bm -Mi Schools the year, before this enad caent and at the present time,. will. illatmu, iu tome decree, its nappy t-STaets. ;.. 7 JT Tha wamherof Coaamoa Sc hools in 1833 wav 5.9S4; in 1838, 1200; tha nomber of youths oer five years of ajre and andr twenty ona en a. tnemtrd ia 1833 wa 805,782; ia 1838. 843.840; tb- jnttth oar'JIed as attending fcfaool ja 183.1 ar-re S"417 ; in- 18. 609.313 j the aw mW in tiU iUn(LuHe iu 1H 3 was 27 l',l V6; in 183. 3 KC3; lhr number f !--b-rH am. ployed in 1M33 wits 13 361; w I8ii 19 873; tb amotnt pi I i?a-br ta . Irt33 wt 1 13.00; ia 1K3H. 1.373 HZU the inralur i4"cli.. hus es in 1433 was w tGO, in 1838. 10.437; t talue of sch'wj h as ta 18 3 w i eiim ted at 000.000; in 1854, at $3 84G.420. - Tb-at figures ezhibt a rratiffins - progre ; but they by at naeana fntik a' complete irw u( oar edacai tonal eoditiw . There has hea a eowstaHt aa l rpid prfrr-t wVich fitrarea eaKt'me-ura. The ehararter ' and ncdu toa f uor ch4 bniirt and ach.il rooms has 6ea ffreaily bettered; the standar-i of " QtaltasaUoa f ir teachers a!aMCd: iha method of teachiag improed;.ih range and acopa of instrocttM calvired; and the reaalte, ia ncqjiw- tiao aad espetj, largely aagmeateU A rraalwdacatiooal work ia prosecuted., also, caitaida of tbe Commoa Schools. . Tha Cullrgea and Female Semieries la the Stete. send fonb jaaHjaamemoa jonng mea and woman totaka op and carry f-irward, ia Hi various drpartmeaU, the work of morml, aocial and p.Jiiieid improve raent. . Daring tha past year I atnded tha Com-si en ce meals of as many of the Colleges as was ftraeticablev aad was gratified to obserea tha Barked ability and proficiency displayed by tha gradaatea. - ' " . - , ' It is to be resetted that tha reqtiremeats for ajaaU&Ioa'and the coarse of instruction vary so featly ia liese eul'ege aad aemtnartes, and I won LI juzesl ths expediency of cstablishinx by la aoma fassi3cation of thesa tastitutions, and ti-n educational tl&n larls to bkh anieersitiea, eolle2 nl ra carles sball be required respee-tirelj to criZ?zzi i) t. aiajisslon, instruction ad graTu&ilatt cf etuJecis, s couditioss of ia-orporatkn.' - -7 ' : ; -' ' :' yy Besi ies theaa CoHs an l Z;-z:'?-rie sf thert ra mass Scboo'a, correpon l.r-z ia jreueral cbar acter Uh our Common Edioolj, bet soLaioe j n i - -- rar....rf r ; r . . : ; w - - - - o..a receire instruction-: v I r r-' t I'-' t I 1 -a t. r- .MjJ of ascerta.inlnr St. C t ,S T i i ji e iacauonu luattta 'r teachers, etudet.n or 1 t ' i.-.r.rrnion; or tbeir '7 t-TZ t i'-3 expellen-i v . I ( : vzr lis co'Iee". r i ! tsa f-!l cn i r 1 - -. 1 ; cj cf 1. t'.on tf ; tUI i It;:; "tf 1 l.. . .-a fr-r C - . a between tba whole namber and the number. 355, 863. ia daily attendance, is mora strikia Tha diSereoca is 435,977. llakiag arery allowance for tha comber taagbt ta private or oenomtna tioaal acboola. there aaost still remain coasid rabla number bo do not atttead aay school at all, wbtls of those who do not abaent themselves altogether, a eery Urge pro portion attend so if regamti j or for sacft brief periods tssi tney da- rive liule benefit from it. Kext to tbia absenteeism, Xhtt foost aerfOoi btndraaca to tb proepentj of tba Cemmoa Schools fs tha want of a sufficient aomber of well qoalie4 teachers. Not a few indeed of our teachers possess eminent qualifications for their responsible otace. To ttich wa owe aot only many excellent district scboolt, bt "4lad tba Uigb Schools, which adorn many f oar cities Vnd towns, and afford opportunities for education which would bare been sought ni vain a Tew years ago ia most of oar Academies and Colleges. Mack iha larger aomber, however, are ex. tremdy deficient both ta knowledge aai ia that ability to teach which mere knowledge can never give. The correction of these e vfli, so tar as may be practicable, is yoar doty, and will be, I trust, year pleasure and yoar honorable distinction. Tha best means, in my judgment, of aetaring an adequate comber of good teachers, are the establishment of Normal Schools aad the encouragement of Teachers Institutes. I ventured ta suggest last year the organization of a Normal Departnrest ra one or bota oar State Uaiverat-ties.. Kore immediate and perhaps more valua bte reauhs would probably be obtained from - the eab!tbment of three wr frar Normal Schools in different districts of the State, giving the prefer J withi a each district to the city or town which would provide the beat batldiugs for the parpDse without coat to tha S.Ala. " Provision bas already been mada by law for tbe encouragement of Teacher Ivitaies bat it is uncertain atd iudeqo&te, - I rwevmmaad the direct appro pnatton ot aa adequate aam, to be para, on torn, pliaace wnh proper cwodiious, upuu the certifi cate of tbe Simla Coaaaaissiower The Tnv4ipettbU necessity of aeevring gener al, regular and continued auendaoea in school is aniversally acknowledged. Wiiboat this tha great ol$et of ha common schools, namely, a good educatioo fur every child ta the State, fiuls of art-eofnpliahmetit. Tbe FedenJ Censn uf 1630 exhibited the fact that over thirty five thousand persons ia Ohio, tneaty yt-ara old and ap wards, were auaUc to rea4 or write. This bum ber was about one ta seventeen of all tha peopta of the aame age. If wa rt-fieet that besides these totally illiterate persons, there is a . Urge natnber whose education bardly raises them to a higher level, we shall attain soma just coneep tion of tha importance of adeqaate provision fwr aniversal aUaodaoe' We mnat not be Satisfied while one peraoa capable -of inatractfioa reinaias uuianghu No roeans aaem better adapted tone, cure attendance, a wakes', interest and quicken effort in ba artaiataeal of kaowledga than fre-qoent visit, addn stua aad coovenarioHa by pro perly qualified oSoersof the State. The law recognises the va3e of this agency ia reqaireing the State Commissioners to devote portioa" of his time to each labors. i. Bat it is envious thl the tbroBgh drachnrga of lh other duties iss-, poeed on him is quite iaeoeapaubla atkb e!5nieat libora uf this kiiid. I . anggest, , therefore, that he be authorized to employ one r fsore ompe let it agents to viaitvery township and nrge epoo parents, teachers and children, tba duties essential to the highest eGcteocy f our schools. This plao baa been adopted elsewhere with tba happi aal effects. If adopted bete, wa weed not rar the dittcloaurea of awy fniure canaua, or doubt that oor system of Com mow Schools, alredj re garded as a nrodel for tmitatioa by other Siatea, will vindicate, by perfact success,, its elaims to admiration and hoaor. . While we may reasonably hope that the illiterate, as a class, will eooa disappear from oar society, ao each pleasieg expectation can . be iadalged ia respect to that targe portion of the eomutushr whwm defect and disease in mental or physical orgaaixatioa render proper objects of public care; and whose a urn ber and relation to society constitute another elemeat of oar so ciaT condition, which moat - eagage yoar aotica. The baasvoienoa of the State has already pro tided three Atylums for the insane, which have Coat for grounds and construction about fill,- OOf . an t are sestaiaed at aa annaal expense of Yu.voo, excluding charges properly beloagirg to the aennant of eonctraction and. interest. The cost of the N ruj-jr at CeatraT Asylums has been ab-wM $153,000 each; that of tha Sontb era about $168,000. The actaal value of tha Central Asylum is now probab'j more thaa doable that of either of the oihrs. Ia these Asjlumt there were at iiie begin! ng of the last Tear, find iamaiea, aad thera wore received during the year 414, making tha whole number of participants im their benefits 982; there were discharged 412; there died 43, and there remia4 at; the- eKaBetcement uf the current year, 570. Of those diseharge-f, 240 bad bean raS. red to sanity, aid 3 3 decided 1j improved. "Tha average expanse ' wf each, -to mate was about f 158. -7. Tba Central Aslaia will, accomme-late 230 inmate, tbe Northern 150, and the Soatbera loO. l-h has heea filled to the exteat of its eapaeMy. Another A -y turn u in progt-st 0 emstraetMMi in Uathoa Conaij( Mr tbe recep-tjoaof the Iwaane of that County only. ; After its completion and opening. That Cwaty will cotintitute the Smih-wastera Asylam ltstrict, 'Theaamb v of lusaae ia Ohto accord ig to the ceasas of 1830 was IOi Thie aamber was doubtless aaderstaled. I am aatisad that the preeefct namber is not less than two thowmod. The Superintendent of the Central A.tlam thinks it does aot fall abort of three thoaeeed. Tbe argamewta whieh establish the date uf aome provision for torn of tha Insane, raqmre doubt less adeqaate provision fog alL Several plan) for sack provision Lave beea anggested. One contemplates the ealargement of one or more of toe estiuog Asylamj another pfop-wes to pro vide tor the support aad treatment of the lusaae ia the County Indrosarias while a third, not necessarily excledieg the others. auggesU tbe eaactmeat of a law fur the .teblih meat and regaUtioa c privata Asjlomv ia wbkh a large portioa of the Insane weald be provided fee bv their friends withoat charge to tha State. I htvaaohesitatioaia reeommetdiag the lewla tioa eoetemplated by this latter suggestion. The iaforaatioa necessary to a well groan led eWu between tba other plans is not jrt accessible.-- Uj iaipressioa it that the Erst will prove most eeoncratcal and roost beneSeenf; if indeed, af. ttr t-s otsj!r4ott tf tie South western Ay Ian and tba ettictmcnt cf a ladicioae law irr Frivste Asyfatas, cit&er s?.&Tl Ls found accessary, - . Tie coadUioa cf tba I 'loil?, t'mZlt eritb that cf the Insane, or: er.. -j tLe attention cf tbe f...uantlrcrjnst a.?l ititeimtv A few ye-rs eo ti.ita-Ij t!-i3 trerrl trycrl re&tb cf ef , tectnai TeLsf. i;.ceal -, Izm rescc e tbetn f:z ra II 1 "r - " s to fa , it--3 uiiiiio bave teea'tra.: ;r9hor ani.vt;? yri'.z'cit li-na--ytf t 4 v r 3 V t C lliots tha State is reszouktTy estimatSl 11 aboftt 2.C90. v Of these, 600 are of proper age to receive instraclioa. Ia-the Asylum, recently opened for their reception, there were, at the commencement of the present year 16 there were received daring the .year 2; there were discharged Cj there are abSeAt C; the aamber under instrucuoa at the commencement of toe present year, was 26; the average aamber main tsioed at the State's expense 20; the expense of the year, excluding the cost of permanent improvements has beea $3,845 7. Tbe average enta&sJ expense of each pupil, was $192 SO, Wfaeo the lostitalioa is full, the average ex pease of each papit . will of coarse be leas, will not exceed the average cost of each inmate of the other Asylums. Tha question of the permanent establishment and location of the Ia etftttliott ttiduld be promptly decided. If deci ded afirmaUVeTy, proviaidn kboold.be made for the panrhaseX eiiher of the phiperl j in Which it is temttorarily ettatTished, or of aome dt&er site. After careful consideraiidn of all circumstances. I think it say datf to . recotti mend the first of these altemalives as most jadictoo.1 4nd dtost economical. ' Deaf mates constitote another class for whose education ptbtfe provision mart necessarily be made. To oar State belongs the booor of t recognizing this principle abd bWirly 30 years have now elapsed since ber. Asylum, was Erst Opened ta these aafortanatea, - The namber now ia the State Is estimated at 1,200. Of these, more thaa One-third hav . recei vel instruction ia the Astlum, kud probablv another third are of suitable age tor admission. Of this latter aamber 150 are in actual rj tyment of Its benefits, while 250 are aeoeseanfy steaded. The aamber ad milted during the year was 33, and the same aamber was discharged. Tbe ex pea aes of tbe Institution paid by the S'ate tlnrieg the last year were $21,177 94. - The average coat of each tern e waa $141. Tha importance of adding to the instruction in tUts Asylum, prop er training fur some industrial oce pal km, as well as the necessity f some further provision for those whom . Its limited capacitiea exclude from admission will doubtless engage yoar seri ous cotiSioeratiots. . Another class wbose situation enlists tbe warmest sympathies nf every feeling heart, and ta- vokes irresmtihly the provHent .benevolence of the Statvn is the Blind. The total namber of this cbtsS is estimated to be 810 Of this nam' ber about 200 are of proper and legal age f ad mission to the Aylam. Of these about 60 have either alrea v received its benefits, or are thought by their friends too young to be seat to it; leaving 140 era should be Under tettractiea. There were in the Asvtum last year 100; there were admitted of re-admlued darieg the year 28; the whole aamber aader its instruction a p to its close was 1 03. - Thw " average aamber in daily attendance was 9 i. The etpenses, excluding $3,500 for permanent imnrevemeats, were $13.- 3875, showing an average outlay for each ia 2Bat of aear $ 1 42. ; I It thus appears that lbs whole number of per sons rendered Ufiritt and dependent by defective and diseased ofganizatioa is u.040; that of these 3,040 are in conditions requiriag provision for them ia awhile or - private institutions; that 47 are actually ia the State Asylums, leaving 2.193 M provided for, eteepta far as they may find relief In Gmnty Infirmaries ar private families; fh&t the average number onstanUy ia tbe Asy lums throngh the r last year . was 34; that the total east ti Ihe Stat of their maintenance during the year was $128,410; that the east oi each inmate of the year was $154; that lo provide for inose w-eaine. out not now receiving, tne benefits of the Asylam. at the same rata would re quire an annual additional expenditure of $337 721, making an aggregate ana aal outlay of $466,132; and t&Al these estimates are exclusive of interest, aboat $30,000, oa the capital, about $SO0,600, invested ia the existing Asylams, and ef the yearly cost of permanent improvements, which was last rear about $13,000: and of tha capital yet to be invested in sew sites aad atraa. tares, aad of tbe interest upon that. No one desires more earnestly thaa I that the General Assembly may fully discharge the obti a-atione assessed ia the Constttatioa by the whole people, to tbe childrea of sorrow. Tbe duty of fulfiUmg them is clear, and the beaefixs of its perform an ce evident Tb social conditioa of na people can he what it should he, while a class of guiltless aa helpless victims of physical or mental disorder remains unrelieved.. Nof is tbe date of relief leas I mperHlivtJv dictated bv eon aideraitoBS of eeoaesay, than by emusi ieratioes of pbiUnthmpr. The dependent infirm' must beeastaieed by aomecy in some Fau The only choice ts betweea stdea. And bow much bet ter that mode which raised ao many nf them from depths of betpleasness and wretched neas. and nsskee th m aelf-aeppitr.iug end even eWul members y tba eommnaitv," thaa that other mode which wastes re.weureea in fi fal and iaade qiate reCef, dr-ps is wretched o j-ets ia their vxweat.aee. ae'l inflicts npoa artciety the moral atri-soctal evils aeceasarile resnluag from the pr-enea of each a etats wegtected in its midst. The statemevpts I bare eaS aittel are design ed trt set clearly W-we-yo the aatqrs and mag aitudeof the evU. fog whch yoa are called apon to prwvida e, remedy. The win.' perhaps, rau-vince vea nf the necessky of restoring the ptJi- ry aonpteti at the opeaing. an t parswad for twelve veers to the .'almioistraiioa of the JUr lams, of requiring that the eott uf maintenance in 1 hem be defrayed by the pares u or guardians of tbe ia mstes. im rases where ihe circamstaacea of the parties fullv justify tu The arilL I think lso satisfy yoe. of the expediency of aeeoarage- meet, ay law. to the establishment of private Infirmaries aad Asylums, is which there is rea- aoa .to believe many will we maintained by their own means or av relaurea. aad frteBds, aad that ethera, aeeding help from tha Sute,eaa,in taany easeH be provided far at tfiuch less than the pre' aeateoat. They will also. It may be hoped, re-commeod to all e aires led with tha administration of these Institutions, the duties ot economy ia expenditure and vigilance in oversight. - : . - Alsny Individuals of the classes cartiallv tsroi vided for in tbe State Asylums, are inmates of the tsouaty laLrmaneS. This fact imparts additional force to the aeneral eooai larati Jaa wkiek suggest further legislatioa for the rega'atioa of thesa InstUoUona, 'I regret that tha Com mis sioner appointed eode'r the act of your predeees-sors to examine the reports required by it, and prepare a bill for the better endowment, regula tioa and management of Iarmartes. has as yet been aaabte to full the dstr imposed by his sp-fwintmeBU l trast, fetsWever, that tis.preara-tioa ef a propef tilt rad lLa nece ry leii! tive action apca It will act be loc t! t!jt? : Another.imporint element. I n te r I "iaio e ve fy adeqaate eslitnate vf gociI coniiUci, is l.t f Pauperista.- Ia Ciio the f atiper t' s is less enrjeroos tbsa ia-inany other States; t .t 13 yet tar;:- enon n to require tLor ; . I c : TLentmbercf poor, we!l cr Y. ther tefcprari?y cr p?rc:a-iSy, .' Ussses cf lle' -?,r. crltr ' I:' rjitsf .r.t p,tz:-t- itr.I .tLs t . - an. 'r i- i. j t Ls c-:s rectiri.- ci uorr rl. '.'Jt.'J t-.-Lefcfrcror r- - Us lost shara of redact' ; .w.TLct'e. is ts reason to expect, however tiat tLs roor 'irtr C5S?s oat of the iaodV ilereaer, as Uetolire, It be tie duty of Etalet lid ia'ividsxls ta c'ci wSe t!he harid to the seejy. Let -us trpt liu our own Mate, so oonorzLiy tstic -wished fr her lostitolSons of Denevi'eftcDv wiU sever taU ia the ost per lot man ce of U. . To ascertain the entire edaiL f tie i!erea-dent classes, it will be proper to 4il to the fca; ber of tba laeaae and otherwise aaXuraTj inrm, 6,040, and ta tba a umU'r cT fsupers, 1403, the averige aamber daily ia cooSoemeni aadr charge or Sentencs.for crime, esU mated at II, 400; making the whole aatabef cf persons is msio tsioed whdtly, or i a part from psb'ic reve-aaeaor by private Aid 3i34$; X This aggregite includes all xli, Intatie, th4 Idiotic, the Deaf aad Dumb, the Eliad, the la door aad oat-door paupers, A'iid the imprisoned. Tbe whole max may become at any ti&e what much the larger portion is a e3 times, a charge boon the State. It ia what may be lastly called the iuCrm element of society. Iu proportioa to tha whole coastilates Imprtaht.Udtcitioa 6f the moral aad industrial condition of a State. That pro portion in Ohio is as oaa to T3; in DIaa tac&asettt as one to" 41 1 io If w Tork aa one to la. -- - -; , , ; . ' : Under the general name ci Crimed as aa ele meat of social eoodiUoo, may be comprehended all acuoa, asaocisled r individual, which, violating moral obligation, tofiifts Injury on persons or society. What 1 have to submit to yoe relating so crime ta oar own. State, will, however, be costSaed to . tbe proportion of Sncea against posiUva Uws ta tba total popalsiioa and to their retarding and distorting tnfiLoence m the otherwise healthful and regular progress of society. The aamber of- indictments for crime daring the past year was about 3.602; tba aamber of police arrests for crimes against the State aot proeeeo ted by indictment, wa aboat 3,200; the nam bt-r of arrest for ofieaees against police ordinances, 4,6do; making the number ef arresU and indict meats for crimes and e& aces of tower grde, 1 1,48ft. The convictions Carried into judgment, apoq indictment, were 100. -.The murders do ring the year were 80, and the suicides 63. The proportion of, crimes and oSenCea to tlie 'boptila tioa was one in 203; the proportion of oaaudbrs being oCeooree eowjeebai leas. The proportion of mardvre was 00a to 3o,C50j that of suicides one to Z0ii. ' ' Theiutreqaeacj of coavictiont as compared with iadictmeuta will doabtless attract your at tentioo. It radicates a defective admiaistratioa of crimiaal justice, to be reredied aot ao snucb by legislatMa, as by increased vigilance and firm neas va the part of those to whom that administration is committed. ; It is worthy your aonside-ratior, however, weather, a pott convictions for murder in the first degree, it may hoi. be expe dient to authorize the, courts to sentence at discretion to capital paeishment, or to imprisonment for life. 1 am pee. ft dsd ' that, ta many 1 Mtsncea, marker escapee ail paaisbmeat, or ail adequate puoishmeni, throngh the reluctance of juries to find verdicts which most necessarily be followed by sentence of death. - : V --, It is well ascertained that, ef crimes cf i leace, nearly one-half htw their, immediate on gia ia iotemperenca. aa thstmora thaaiour-fiftha af the police eiTewees era due to-the aame baleful cause. - It is tha abundant soorce of Paw perism. Lunacy aad Disease, as waH an of crime. Its cost to society is beyond the power of computation, and its multiform influences for evil beyond the reach of estimate. - -' I again invoke yoa etteetioe to this vitally important sabjoct, and trost that yoar action ia regard to U tesy be wise and nfiieieat. ' - - '. . : la this connection I tbiak " it aay duly to "re commend to yon tbe establishment of an Asylum lor Inebriates. Much evil W Individuals nod society may be averted, and rand prjsilive good accomplished, by means of such an Institution. If established on tba State Reform far m( tspoa a jadicioae plait and scale; It Cost Heed sot be great. y y ' - Tba administration of dvi pet l&ss than tha of crimiaal justice is intimatei XfcUwd tJ fOcial cond itioa and : ad vaaee meat. - When - cheep, prompt, va biased aad .iara, it gaaraatees industry, promoter eaterpfiie, Sfld asares progress. When dear,: dilatory, partial and ancenaia, it impovariahea labor, discourages osetul nndertak togs and iatniduoea'decline, Ia this State the people elect their Judges, and thes directly determine in a targe measure tha character of Js-dieial administra'ioa, The rasalta thus far, especially in civil jnsUee, tiavw not duappoiated the advtfcatee of an elective jodiciary. Incompetent I'tdges have, it is true, beea sometimes elected, and the evils ef maladministration Viva bean sometimes felt; but the Courts of Ohio, eoasi lered ia general, have nothing lo aTmreWg j from a comparison with those of art y other State 1 e respect to iotelligeace, lear.it ng or efSciencyi The aavoaat af their Ub nJ jt gjs rfam the fact that the .dmber of civil enka last year was abmt 35,000. ia 18.000 of which judgments were rendered. The number of suits involving serious controversy of law .or fact bore a small peporti.m to the whole., Much the largef aim ber were prosecuted for the collection of claims. and it ia estimated that ainaentha so amount 1 of tba debt naneeared by taortgage or otBefci wise, wbkh class constituted three-f mrtb cllbe wb de, was recovered or is- recoverable.- This estimate, if at a.U reliable, iadic&tea plalbty tEh grounds oa which the high credit of the business men, aa well as of the State uf Ohio laestab-li-bed. .The whole debt pf her people; pubtie aad private, as f took, occasion fa shorn last year, is hardly equal in amount t.aaeufih of the property ia the Sta'a, and-the loss by iadividaal failure ia payment, is only two and a half peg Cent of the debt. The' rate of commercial hazard ia credits, is, therefore, comparatiTrly insi-atScant. - - ' ' . Serb Is tie-soclahcooiUcW of tie Ctata, eodVI Uttplaled Ut soffie of fts meat taportaot aad later sting atpecta. -Tha sketch is necessarily imperfect, lor the materials are Inadequate. It may not, however, tie altogether without value, white the. proviaiotts judiciously naada fey yoa; and tha preceding General Assembly for a more ample collection or statistical information mill ro pp'y thereafter, the means of snore certain and more useful conlpafLjont and dedactIoa, t!:a if feasible now. ' -y.-" - ' -;-. Fassing from these genera vtew lo ctler topics of perhaps mer immediate concern. permit tne totqvite your ttfrc":ort ia lis first jlacs, to oar financial eoedltioiw , . .; ... r V The Constitution requires il&t aH prrperty ef whatever description, atidf lj .ho;sG2Vfr te.ll, sT.11 ba'llted for lix&tioa at 1.3 trae Vi.T-s. Tlie r.eve-s?$ cf lie-.tte,-.t' v Cjac'J?, t-e Townships, -:tb OkV-t-e ;-V.zf r l t-e School Pis'rlcts, era ri"r I fof f-tste .f-'n-ppf c" tld a' il iff r i v J : ur- ?,-! '3 vtci 1 l -.-i f tdl.i -I r r. T. -it tLs ct! t f ' " ? r r r.;Sf : ' ..r t r3 c : t - ' c .rf tnL'li to be determined hf tha County Com mi tioners, &4 aa t-iaail gate, not ore six milla, t9 be levied by the county AadUor, on property ac'joinir roads witlia certain limits n the peu-ttia of theTroperty holders. 'The root Louse act of 1 S3 1 authorizes the levy cy ize woonty tjommissiooers oz aa toaaatte rate the erection of lafirmariaa) aad a rata not exceed is oqsjl aiU Cr the support of ths poor. . ; " ' Tt '3 Act f 1S57 rexjalres the levy of seven tc&tLs cf a teiU for general Etata puiposest of nsas-Uai-s oi cLlli tog psyment of utteresl and pHnciil cf the uLtlc debrr of rates for county purposes, wiihia various tsiii fromtwo to four mills, ta be determined tv the Cou ntV Co&mis sionera. ariia liberty lo tha Comeikilooers of CDUETies es hoe's taxable ralaes do not exceed C3, vvJ.Vwj, w tcTv tusoer rates; u ratea tor own- ship porpoees, to be fixed by Township Trustees, hut aot to exceed ooe mUJ oa the srst $Z,C0a,CC; cf Vtlaattoa, and nefoarth of a mill aa the ei cesat of gates hot eice'cdl&i four ililwi f-r Ct and Village purposes, to be fixed by city aad I fage authorities aad af a rate for City purposes, not exceeding six Bulla, to be fixed by the City Councu ot C-inctnaau. Tbe acte of 1S5S. reaaira the Aeditor ef State to increast the levy for the payment of the State UebL whenever tt may be accessary; ia order to make tbe Sinking Fund equal ia amount to the requirements of the Constitutioa and the la irs. and direct the leVy of seven-twentieth of a mill tB each of the years 1858, 1859 and 1S50, ta prdVide means for tba payment of the loan of $700,000, authorized by tbe second of these ads, and iateoded to supply the deficit created by de- Saieauoa. , It lb us arpears thai the rale of taxation for General Itsveaae, applicable to tne sdrtoort of the State Uovernment, in alt its Uepattmeets. Execative, Legislative aad Judicial, and the pay meat of the cost of fublio tSaudiairs and the expenses f the Benevolent Institatioos. is less than' half the general rate for schools and libraries, aud but sevea-oinlhs af the general rata for the public debt; while it sinks almost to insigai ficaocn u comparison with the local taxation for County, Township, City, Village and School UuHrwt purposes. It would contribute macb to a clearer aader standiug of our ravenne system by those entrust ed ana iu administration, as Well as by the peo ple at Urge, it all rates of taxation were pre scribed by a single law and not by many as at present; and 1 respectfully recommend theexpe- d ency 4 aucfi aa naacuoeot ta your Considera tion. - . y - ' -- .. " " '.- .. The teceipta of the fiscal year 1858 frdm tat- alKjn. tuiis, couvicu earnings, and ail other sources of re venae, properly aa nailed, including the premium on tha temporary toa a, ware$2,-931,756-16. l"he jrecetpta from sales of school and miuiatrial lmd and the principal of the taaiarry Whs, and the amount of July interest aot called for ta NeV Yor k, aad therefore retura ed to the rreasury,-aQ of wbkh items eoaeti tula debt rather than reveaoe were tH26.963.40. Tbe total receipts, there fore,-wer $3.758,72157. Ihe disbursements were 3,5 1o,4js 77. to which should be added the excess of tha defalcation over former apparent balance, which was 17, 143 aaaluag a total, of 532eS3 ialx. . Tbe balaece in the Treasury, therefore, at the com OMncemeut of the pressuf 3C;J. rear, was $Z2Z The levies of each Tear prodaee the receipts of the nekt year. , The recHpta nod disburse ments the current year, therefore can at era- sent be only estimated; the levies only, which were made ia part fcader the acts of tha last, aad ia part nuder the acta of precv-djeg a&ioas,axe certain. The taxes paid, aad to be paid into the treasury durwg the eorreut rear arise from tQEse a-vteav lieternng yoa ta tormey communi cations fug Mtormatiua relating to former years, x asaii state atjmtniiy .ttie amwunt wc taxable values, and of taxe levied ia 1858 . Tbe total aamber of acres listed far taxation was 23.298. tne vaJuaUua oi taesa lands was $437,. 1S3.13Z: taatol tow a and Citv tote. $153 15.3 . 515; that r chattels, $Za0l4,084: Staling the aggregate ealoatktn T all tsjhla property, m. a at M rk m - a - Z aoJ3u,UA . ana t"'- levied foe eeaerai Stata purposes were, kr braking Fund, $1,047, 502; tor general Stile purposes, $587,206; for Common Scheals, $1,253,032; tot District School libraries. S33 920: in all $2.978Ll22. The lev ies lor County purposes were, for County expen ses, f 1,130. 93i; fur bridges, g3 1,888; for the poor, $222, 171; ibr beating. $320,954.57; for roads, $350,435; for railroads, $462,430; ia all $2,843,220. The levies for Township, City, and other local pnrpoiies, were, for tow'nsLio ex pehses, di34.05i ; fog schools and achool houses, f r,4v8,8i (; for city, town, and other special ut es, $1,634,8 IS; fussing a total for township and city .taxes of $3,336,678; to which add fJt de-lieqaeaciea and- forfeitures, $572,630; making the aggregate f coualjf aad other local taxes $6,77828. A thght degree of attention to tbese flcts witl efrfect tha comtnoa notion that the aidiuoa to existing taxation of a aew levy of some fraction of a mill cannot be of much coanequeaee. The levy for achool libraries is $83,920; yet the rate la bat wneHenth ef mill. It is the aggregate of tilth rate; hica CtSnsidered seperstetV and Without reference to the. Slims proaeeed, seems so inconsiderable, that consulates the total bur-dea'of taxation. "-. " - - " - ' While these considerations most recommend. Dot to tbe General AsretnLly iJtily, but td the lo eal atitbftritiea even snore eraphaJieaily, lEe da ties of pradeoce, forbearance, and careful aoeaomy, there is yet somelLiug ia the objects to which the revenues are devoted which may rscoocile as, ia soma measure, to -the taxation which we bear. ' A very large proportion of all the pablie tueome ts expended cirectiy for tbe eomatoa good. The levies tor schools, school booses and libraries amount, example, ta $2,7812, or oearly oae-tbird of toe taxes ia all forms and for all purposes. - Yet wha. wnelj dispense with oor schools, ac hool toa tea, or libraries? Who does not know that this expenditure is mom than reimbursed in tbe enhanced value of property, and the augmented power of the people? 1T0 taxation for these and similar purposes, the proceeds being, honestly and ' economically applied, the people cheerfully content. They (tiurmur, and j astiy murrnor, when their burdens are augmented bejend the proportion of beneCts by tepro-idence waste or peculatioa. For the prevention of .these tfV. the people tnnst lock to Cnnty Comm'.io'.onm Town&biyt Trustees, DoSTilf tf fc!cc:bn, xii C3y asj ViV.zz Coaneils, evtJ c:ratUa in theCsneral ;Assi-!,!y, ? It can act lilm j -rressei cpoa the ruh'Ia ciTrJ -t ta c. ;;r cr;.cri!y f -3 foauiiiteJ ta t-ess loci.1 :r J'nilt?! aaj gsar-cl, tsn-t is '..'; ! t" ..tia respeU ta tha ii-t I jr?z p'reportlon cf ti " i, , r . y -. xarea, ' Tea t '. . : h i ' . r-i r.ch.:;jcrt n c! 'J C" ret ! r t;rj f-!lectt t 3 ietSi cf th Cc4 rcl.'cr, rr j hy tl fir aal r-: tleoteau with the Stale Treil-r ftS!l te c lajei ta tha I c v r - .r tichrear'a i?oa s- , tj r early as u t pracucaue, pty i.;!i year's pc7.57.Vaaa no reasarr eXcer-t money saoald resiaia ta the wiiasssseeeea wrcarreoi cisimseper, iU9 aa passed at yoar late seisioo, proved 104 pr te a . - aa Tadgemeat, a wise step ia the rirht diirecuon. and 1 am glad to know, hat given general sisfae- uub in tts practical operation, in act aatnor magdrans by the Comptroller apba the County Traasarers, for the taxes collected ia December lust past, ta order to their, application to par - .1 . . . 1 r. jm. . wens ot saa sstaren oaa aa tae erst ot tae cor rest isoata, eras another strp towards ths tame tad. Jastly cbaoxions to censure 4s. .wis the practice f coHecting from the County Treasur ers by eimlur drafts is advance of their regular serJecieaik ll - a4os to be added to Urge bal ances already ia tha Treasury, or ia sipply the tlace of tarra balaacea fraadulentl abHtraoted. U tl'i bow fcarJTy admit of qaetioa that oor safest fatare policy wilt ' ? fy oar Jan nary intern irons aJecemer -ataa our iuy taterest from Jaae aollectioas. As far as possible, also the expenses of ths first two quarters of each fiscal year should be defrayed from tha former, and those af the two last quarters from the lat ter collections; I recommend inch legislation as maV be deemed necesiarV to e-iva rmetleal efiect td itieie id jgestioos .by providing fog the prompt payment toto the Slate Treasury of the State a proportion of taxes as soon as collected. and reqairiag earlier settlements by the County Treasurers with the State Treasurer. Such legislation would enable the Aeditor of State to lay before the General Assembly, at aa early day ia each session, a statement of the actual receipts from taxes in. December, and the estimated receipt la Jaae, as well of the actual aad estima ' ted receipts from all other sources ddting the year, and this statement would supply a basis for economical and intelligent appropriations for the ensuing ihree-qnarters of iha current and the first quarter of the next fiscal year.- A yJ.Cioas law prescribing rates of levy will tend to ensure moderatioa ia taxation; the pay meet nf corrent expenses from correat income will Rreveot the evils of aecamalation ia the Treasaryt tha restriction of appropriations ta act aal receipts, and of expenditures to appropri- auoas wui restrain, tae tormsr, tegisiative, and the latter, adaiaUtrative axtfivagadce.. These, la' my judgment, ara the essentials of c good fi nancial system. . - Uadkr Such a lystettl the coslody of the paUie reveaoe would tntmlve far less bazxnrd than heretofore. S'i!l,nder any system, while coU lectioos from taxes for all purposes, State aad local, cannot be expected eooa to fall below four railuotiaj aad may exceed, as in 18o4 nod iathe preeeat year foar millions and a half semi anna ally of which a moiety will not be required for disbursement ttatil sometime after collection and a portioa will rem aid fit six months or store, the point of custody will remain ooe of great importance, v " y -- . . ice itia keeping of ui pablie m9nevtaere. fora, pre perly engaged a large share of the s tenuoaw-rour tr- -l.ita precleeesaors, as ireu as cf yoar a. .The chief essential poiat of c.w.reutcnees t taoaes aaopled seems to be that the taiier, ahila reloiriag ample securi. ties front depoaitanas tor payment oa demaad. didaot contemplate the withdrawal of the mon eys depostle a from the transactions of business, soui wanted for pubua purposes, while tbe Ut ter eeems to intend the actual keepio? nfall pablie saonrys ia the bands of &tts aad CoaatT Treaaarets nnt3 requtred for disbnrsemeat ia di ccaxja rf ;ra; blauocx; ... If tha aafety of tae pawio moneys ts aqasil tosared hy either mode, the former appears to be eatUed to pref erence for money is tnachinryf whose workls exchange, ad.jt iaojjsioas'.tiiat the withdrawal front asa f-StrslJcrable same for considerable pariex fiiastia soma measure interrupt aad em barrass tha operations of basioess. But safety ia the para mount consideration, aod no mode of custody ts admissible which does not secure it as far as it ea be secured ia aay mods. Ia a former communication I tboaghtitasy doty to recommend to yottr consideration a plan for the safe teepicg and tlisborsemest of tbe public moneys, which oesied to ihe to eorsbtBS seennty wrJ convenience. That .plan failed to commend itself to yoar approval; but, yoa did aot omit to attablish ty taw a system of regula tions, intended to accomplish the asms general purpose. Few measures fulfil perfectly tha designs of their autaors; and aome defects bse become apparent ia the practical workings of the act of last eessjold which I think proper to di rect yoar attention. Y;v-. V.i ,t . . The act itself was douUIess designed to iocor norata into the administrative system of Ohio. the leading provisions of federal legislatioa oa the Sauda aabjecW- There are, bowarer, among cher diSTdreneea between the Federal system and that which baa bean thus inaugurated id oar own State, two which seem to me especially worthy of consideration. Uader the Federal taws all oScers'baving custody f public (Honey are ap pointed by tbe Federal Government, and are re quired, from time ta time td give each bonds, -.a n .a -a- a . vua sues securities as tae g saerai aaiaonues may ran o ire. Under tha act of last eession thai Coanty Treasurer j tKroQithodt the State are mada depositaries of tbe State as well as the County revenues; of the revenues derived front canal! tojis aild other sources as weH as those .derived from taxation, Tbev are also constituted areata for the transfer of pabUd fands and fiscal agects of the Slate, end er the law. : Yet these edeert are not appointed by the State Government; are not required to give bonds to the aailsrictlon of any Lists o3cer: no iUte o:cer is aalhorid toascertaia the suCdeiicy oT the bonds actually gived, or td require; Id proper casevnew bonds oradiluoiiad securities, ' The whole eszUer of these bonds is left where fortn!r .lawj pUcea it, aader tha acervisioa of Coanty Commissioners, and if may we!l be .suhted whether the mn-Jt tioss of those heretofore girea apply to all ths duties required by the retent treasury law. - -This is a mitef which deserves, and will, 1 2onbt 'fisti receive yahe atleotioa. - .7hile yo'd will pfobL!j think it tsit ta adhere to the plan af.eoastltttlic the Coanty Treasiirers State da. posllarlex, r&l-er thaa recor ta the r!an, vihi-'j seecs tJ tse xr'-rA'c? t'-'-:X l- slli'e-Coa cf c,?--:'.ar!.J t ) t'i L Treirer, yoa t--ncf C.l ti ar-r2c!-u.e- the importance cf thr3slr-er3'i:.l tha r' !'2 c "':r,ia tzizt .3, a t pn ' - r - J tr That r; ersl aal h j f lr, zr:- lit' tlj r . .'it 13 . , 1 - a r?3 the .el---s ts me rrc-t 1 t . 1 - Is, - . -1 pre StT"':?S 5 I-- ' in .. v f. "3 rty r f ". rr: T. ' ' : t- t. 1 s lectors ca ' .!;"r!i'r' -A ct Cs tsse ia lis eclcs tf" c-: .-"ouj L-.-"l cf ;et Cxea. - it tsa thaa vl.-tiii-.'y :c " the circulation wiJ.ia czt ":s cT.a c-rr.ucy tzV :;t ia r.a res pect to the trricfctr I?l!c::ca, ani, la this ertenC e1 con h&J proactcd cteridr&Uca rather thaa improva-tieat tf tha 'circfilaUnj.taediarn.- The peper tita psaa into us crect xreasuriss is, u test, paly the representative of money ia the possession of the banks which issue it; and thus, to tha extect pf its receptioa, foreia bar.'.s and not tha Treasurers have beea the real depositories. of the pablie fa adj. Insteal of trcnasicg the ea- curity, u aas uus u: crease 4 lis uiteconty cf cus- t? w a - i - 1 respectlully recommend the correction of these defects. . If it . shall be decided that iha Coanty Treasarers ha'l be contkeei as depot taries aod ageate for the .tran&fer cf Slate rr-eaaes, they should be subjected, at lea&t in re spect to these fuadx, to the - suMrri&ioa cf Slate otScers, aod required to give ample boads, to be deposited with the blale Treasurer, fat- the per-formaace of these dutiea, - Nor is it less impor-, taot that the medium la- which taxes tnsy be pid, be ascertained by positive k-Ulstion, , 4i prbyjaioB reqairing such psjments to te Bade ta coia er specr ooies cf our ova Cants wodJC ia my opinion, be safe, useful, and pot inconve nient. It would be safe, for every doliar ia Lhs Treasory, would either be specie, made each, cot merely by the eolrency of the lisnk issuir it, bat byhs gosxsnly of all lie Crariclies cf the State Cans, or Ey Slate and Federal .Slocks ia the actual custody, rendered absolutely sec are by jour judicious legislation, of the Slate cheers; it would be aseful, for it would promote a sound circulation of specie aod specie notes; and it would not be inconvenient, tor the circulation, obeying well kaowa principles, would increase and diminish with the demand. The debt of the State is of two classes, reitn- barsable and lrredactble; the .former embraces tha foreign aad domestic liabilities Dayabla after certain fixed rwriswi wkil ik. ).tt. a. .tL tuted of tba proceeds Of Hnds, granted by Congress for the-tuboort of Schools and llelinaa. received into tha Treasury cpon sales by tha State aader a pledge to Dar six ter ceaium on the amount, for the same purposes, forever. ". The reimbdrable debt has beea sometimes imtm nf as th arhnt dahl iK. Sola Ko the irreducible diners from it in nothing except that it is permanent, and incapable of, reductioa bat, oa the contrary, certain to be gradually in creasea until t:. last proceeds of school and mm is te rial lands sbivll be received.: It follows lhAt no real redaction of the amount of the Suie debt can be ellected except by payments exceeding ta amoua tea. sums oenvea irom tness lauas. Uariti thd Utt rear the reiuibansshls debt wsX increased by 1703.000, being the amount of the temDOrarV loan auiiaorized al voiir reovrtt nuinn. and the irreducible by $69,602,ii3, bein the a ooait af proceeds of -School aid Ministerial lands received into the Treasury. It was diminished by the payment of $13,004,09 cf foreign year the aggregate det of all descriptioua waa $17,U9,932 84. Of .this, teaom-or $5,413,525.27 win become payable after the 3 1st of Dember, 1850.',. I have hertetofbre invoked the atlentioa of vour rrede cessors. aa veil as yoar own. to this maturing li- aoUityt nrgad the oroorietv and necessitv of sea sonable provision fog it, and suggested what seemed to me the best modes of mskiog that provision. . It is to be regretted that no provision has been made. It seems highly probable that. bad the necessary anthonty beea conferred by tha Lerislatora 0 tha Commissioner of tha Shaking Jfeod, the meant to pay ao much of this debt as will not be discharged by other resources, might Lava beea obtained daring jour recess, throng h a new load at five ' per cent, or even a less rata. It may be that su;h a loan can yet be negotiated, and 1. trost that the magnitude of the saving to be thus ejected .will command for Under the operation ot the eery salutary act 01 toa tast sesxioa in reiauon to tne dinting r una, tbe sums legitimately te.'.otigiog to it, bat heretofore appropriated aader legislative sanction, 10 other Slate purposes, will doubtless be replaced through tha additional levy repaired by the att end future diversions to any other ase than those to which the Faad is pledged, wt;i be preveuted. Uader another act providing means forreim horsing the temporary loan, ever tyro hundred thousand dollars will soon-be paid into this fund. It will not be required for . payment of the loan an til July, I860, Provisioa should ba made f its safe and prod active iarestcent during the toterval ... . . . .. - ; '. An act of the last session prescribed a rule lor the aniform taxation of banks. The justice cf such a rule cannot ba Saccessfully impeached nor can it be denied that property employed ia banking shoald bear a proportion of the comao4 bard en eqaal to that imposed oa property other arise ttsed. Upoa the point whether the rule prescribed fs ia fact equal, dirrence of opinio may well etU; but repeated decisions f tbeSu-creme Court ot the State leave no room for noes' tion that tba role of the act is. substantially, the! rnle of the Constitution? or fjp exDeetation lV.nf U can be ioaterU''jcHari(d while the Consri . tation itself shall remain anchangd. . , - It is clajnied, however, pv. the .fjats cns4i. ted Binder the .act of 1S-15, incurp-imt'yg, the State lnk of Chi ai.d. other Dtnkir Compa, aies, that th'e secUda cf thjt. act, prescribing the rale ef taxati a for. them, ts a contract, oof liable, td be impaired by subsed'teat Urinative r ; cdnslitotibaal. provision ana that t Hey are theref.re, not liable to -te taxed f r a r,;Xfrt fate, however warrsntel by 'consttitit'oa or lie fa. re?pect ta. insli;u;Ions oci fclm;iar! r. r. lettedf . This claim, orimV'y ai'erl"! r -t t' 5 rult of taxation, ast.ablilhed ly iHe art r-f 1. wm . denied by th the. uprerr;e Court e! t; s Sia'e, lxit bt the" S"arreme Coiirt ' vtiht ITnitra rnstjtioed Elates. 1. Ilotwiihsianding the lstr deiiinB thj Cjnrt cf. tv Suta, in a. j Ji-rrl'eot of aher Term. lAf. tss aenounc.! its adhe Ej.aprerae December rence to Us ers .jina.1 joif'.ioo. . T'" t r? ircicf tn PaaLs thercfwls c&nuct be KCPjs'zed as v 1 I the cCcers cf the State. . . Three inr docisioa ef t!. ns, towev?r, rt'j n? cp-n tha iof retna States, tavs p!icei 1' 9jt.'i cf C tefetcfre, iha taxes re.--ir.-e 1 ly the-and tav ma !s bo return fr t es tr f I act of last t In lions tsve beea ! Coorts. t:rfe I 3 ta tsn-I-L. - ort rv!ee--f Iss dm execat cftha.hw. ' cf the C a Ac " t r.- t: c Z t L ..tor, 'r ; rt 3 1 y 1 . 5 L 1 f -1 t :-3 1 ra C t '. - c: T C" .r- 1 . t f s J 1 -te i-3 :r c -i c-; t 1. :3 i4C:, t i c -2 1 jlzzz:; t: -3 c; nt .i t.; J J", .' t.,i!j c:: 3 r