Mt. Vernon Republican (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1854), 1856-12-09

              ... 1 ...1..1..1 jMffi.Vnim! . MLCriiV ii " - ' ' -r-' ' ",.. - , ..,"" : -' ....... ... . ,. - ..,... .... ....... I.,..; - . v..; vi .-.-..i-.-.-. . , a (j. . . l.Ti-, -v , I .ji. M .1 t J.'- v.-lt-tf.'. .l.lf .i ,ii-:i . ii."li.. ,;im c -r.i r , ...wi.. i . . , , . m. i , . . i ;,, ' i ; ". : " . . . 1 11 " ' .' " ' - 1 iTTi!Trr1 v.fSTC , ..... .i tis&L vggtt ... ., ..,,,,,:;,. : . , 4aAjt . ...-' ,. ;. . - ,.: f r- . .- v: ... , ,...-;, ,.-.-:.,,,,( lit Will 1HMI ' hr: -v' m R vM53"'7.5l .oiill. .vimi" r,i,i rV?:i.-ac'-l-f i ,1 nil in ,t.i i':hi- 1. 1 in . l ffjff ST ( la ,)i4 i j 4)11,11 !l ,! lii.ll : ' j ll '1 jj j -'j -l.-ll f.,ni ,m '. '. A I V ' wl t v 'yzj . ... . ' J SMI Ir'I 'll. Ill 111 ! Ir !.v. I, v.!.; Jl A I..''. 'l.l 'jli 1 1-'. t ill . iA t 7 . ' ' ' ' '" y,.i J I . .( l I ...r : ! ' rw h .-I, . . i. .,. , . i, i, lt l ill. L t.i ' 'r.''. " ff3 ' - lf , W ? Ml r .. ) i. . . .' II. il ' ft rL.." I II .11 i in HI .1 i . II II . Ill , .. . , ' t . It ml i II 111 1 1 YlT Ml ,1 t.H v ijr . ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I . " if ' , . i 1 1 W". mum-. iu- ; . Mum jtvLftvu. 1 . .mum: mum h ; l, .. ... n l m . Err. i n . w y .. ; . u ,,,m.tt . m . , ,. :, ;.,. V iUT i ill,:.... I', i VI :. ' ' il " " ' " " " "" . i in , ,, , . :.. ..... . . ... .:! . I ... I..:. .' . . 1 ' : ; - , i' ,- . :..'!., , . ; yL" W- MOUXT VKUXON, OHIO, TUKSDAY MOltNlXG, DI-X'. 0, 1S3C. xoTT.i .. ' . ' " ' ...-.. mi.iIi il-Tllli!' pniTi.-iia r4tt . jj Bl yo''tormy wind of wlptpr, ' c tl' .j f Priro IU chilling drifting mow, -iii;. i :Clolly housca, tho btny Printer,' ' ' ,o . t 1 Hocd npt how Ujo winds may blow! ) ; iflloii, click hi typo go dropping (-a ; ''I i livory oomfort uiortali nocd, i n ..J: ii,1: For nighti are dull in wintor, I(v'.. .1. i 111 in I lv.7". pl . Ho4 wo hot tlie nowi to road. "'... Dad would bo the world's condition . .. . If no l'rinter-boyi were found 1 i Ignoroneo and euporatition, ; ' " "' Sin and lufTcring would abound. , i ' I I ... I ..'v.( . . , ,ye, it il tlie bupy Printor : Rolls the car of knowlpdgo on And glooniy mental wintor ; , . '' Soon Would roign if ho were gone'. '' ' ' BC ! Jil I I -J-n , ",ulJ" i .m i -ill: . i.: rf: 0i nr .. . ' jlooi i : ' -MM; . ,3'-'"' l(ii. i Jiifir-ii in(i "Mi- i Money's usoful, yet the winters ' Fill not half so high a placo ' As tho busy toiling Printors, . Flinging typo before tho case. Yot while the type thoy're busy sotting, Oft somo thankless popinjay Learos tho country, kindly letting : Printers whistle for thoir pay. Oh 1 ingratitudo 1 ungracious 1 Are there on enlightened soil, Men with minds so incapacious, As to slight tho Printer's toil? See him ! how oxtrcmcly busy, 1 Flinging typo before the case, ..Sob nt.iirj Toiling till he's almost dizzy, yt 111': 3t.'.r,i one I- liu i! ' To exult tlie Human race. There's no compassion for tho Printor, . . . Evory devil drives him on ; 1 Spring and summor, fall and winter Norer finds his labor done. f"' WHAT -HE SOUTH UXPECTS. . Tho Now Orleans Delta, tho special organ of Jj Jefferson Davis, contains the following article ig its issue of Nov. 11th: ; : . , nui. The Presidential contest of 1856 is' ended ' And that of 18C0 has just commenced. The i . struggle for tho Presidency is over, and James Buchanan is elected, but tho issues involved in ' tke contost arc not yot settled. These arc yet "iri the womb of tho future, and what tho next jfdur years may bring forth, we must wait to ' sob, hoping for the best while we should be .'forearmed against the worst. , Tho resistance attitude of tho South, com- bincd with tho division of tho opposition, led ' q tho result wo havo witnosscd. But tho ' (confusion in its ranks now, it is likely, will be , ..jwiccoodod by a harmonious organization' in .51860. Mr. Fillmore is laid on the shelf. Fre-'roont has served tho purposo of laying a broad foundation for a party, tho essential character . f which is to bo aggrressivc, and its object to control tho country and subject tho south , 4o the despotism of a sectional nnjority. After having thus served his purpose, wo doubt (that ho will bo again put forward, but think a Bow man from tho South will bo required, (for .. ihe course of Free Soilism is Southward,) and ;Houston, of Texas, orBotts, tff Virginia, may jjo taken up to avoid tho charge of extreme sectionalism. ,i The Democratic party, in posossion of the government for eight years consocutively, will te-open-io all tho disadvantages of being in jjtowcr. ' Mr. Buchanan will have to turn De-mocrats out of office to put Democrats in. Disapointment, treachery, ambition, and tho Batumi tendency of the pcoplo to oppose those hj power will work against it Every calamity,, from tho failure of fho com crop to an em- , barrassmcnt in the money market, will be . " laid to tho Administration. When tho admission of Kansas into tho Union comes to be acted on, the South will learn"tho manner in which v ' the late contest was conducted, . . She will find, We fear, that non-extension of slavery was the - middle' ground on which the majority of Mr. Buchanan's supporters at tho North agreed to . stand. She will find that it will bo difficult, if not impossible, to bring Kansas into the Un ion as a slavo State. Sho will find that the day Mr. Buchanan signs a bill to that effect if ever passed, hiS party will bo doad and bu ricd at tho North. ' There is but one offset to this condition of things,' and that is to mako tho South so .strong in her material progress, in her domes, tin reforms in hor social convictions, in hor political attitude, at to keep tho North in check : by tho only, argnments which remain to be used azanist Free Soil fear and intorest. If ' Mr. Buchanan rely upon old exploded expedi-nt8 for succoss j If he devote himself to a laborious do-nothing policy, converting tho foreign department especially into an immense cir-, cumlocution office, ho will signally fail, and find hig administration at tlie end of fouryoirs sunk lower than did ever plummet sound. The coujotry, too, will be in a stato of formen-ting stagnation, growing weaker and sicklier daily from repression of energy and boaithy xpansivcnogs, and stained all over with political and social plague snota more hideous than . now.' But if Mr. Buchanan turn his back on those expedients, if he refuse to abdicate his mission as a President of the United States at tiua juncture, and direct the anergics of the : Government "where the .'Ostcnd letter tho best document ho ever signed points, to wit, tbwa.-ds the tropics, towards Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico he will sucoood. J He will stand when Pierce did in 1853, ' only ba a little- broader ground and . under a more defined pledge, but it is to bo hoped that he will not bury the platform on which he was Mectcd hi the , most mysterious races, of the Circumlocution office, and cower like a school-6 hefpw the ferrule of aome second Marcy. 11a ows his election to tht rote of the South, and lo' defiant attitude of resistance which b woa beeinhin to asume.; ' He should bear that' fact we'll In mtnsl He will be a traitor, and mseftuibtoto rvdrr manly feeliiig 6f gratl- tudo'lf ho 'forget U and disregard h ohligavV trans itrtnplt ;The'let UnV!iveup td Vt UttarW spirit of th'Ostn.d.jUttr ; lot 4V look1 to our intqrests in Cuba, which, by right of geography and political necessity should bo oursj let him fortify 'Walker in Nicaraguaand lorcstal bpanish and French designs upon Muxico j lot him place tho great Tehuantopcc route boyond tho hazard 'of being lost to us, by securing tho grant of a strip of territory across that Isthmus; lot him do theso things, and wo can laugh to scorn tho subtlo policy of Seward, tho rhetorical raving of Sumner, end tho blatant menace of thoir followers. Not alone in the South would ho find approval for such a course. The acquisition of slavo Territory, by conquest or annexation, would find nearly as many supportors, avowed or silent, in Poston, New York and Philadelphia as in Now Orloans. Thoro would boa howl, from the Abolitionists and frco negroes of course. But tho groat issues such a policy would bring up would confront us fueo to face with England and Franco. Tho opposition would bo borno down by that national spirit which always sways the national heart when confronted with other nations. The acquisition of Cuba, in defiance of England and France, would not split tho Union it would strengthen it. Tho regeneration of Central America, by Walker in alliance with tho United States, would lead to tho general emancipation of tho West Indies from tho infamous freo-ncgroisni established by tho enemies of American Republicanism.Tho people from Maine to California are sick and tired of old issues. They want something now, bold and expansive They want a policy in keeping with steam, railroads and telegraphs. They want now lcadors, new homes and new ideas. The new policy must come from tho South must bo sustained by tho independent press, and tho leaders in Congress must bo men so scaled and fixed in the heart of hearts of tho Southern people ns to command our approval, even if leading us against established prejudices and party gods. We havo tho men for tho emergency. We will havo John A. Quitman, of Mississippi, in the House, and Jcirorsoh Davis, of tho same gallant Stato, in tho Senate. They aro inured to the battle harness, both civic and military, and in pcaco or war tho South will always know whero to find them. They havo no mean past at thoir backs, but they are men or tho future too, and in settling the great question which must bo met, sooner or later, they will havo conspicuous parts to enact. That question is this, to wit : Whether this Union shall bo Northern and Sectional, (to use a seeming contradiction in terms) or Southern and National ? Dog antl Cat Convention on the Hors-IJsitiiig Mania. fhom rexen An articlo having appeared in a fashionable contemporary, strongly advocating the intro duction of horseflesh as a' rival to English bcof, great excitement was cauccd in that part of the population which has hitherto engross ed the former species of aliment. Tho agita. tion resulted iu a numerously attended meet ing of cats and dogs, whorcat was discussed tho peril ill which the threatened dietic move ment would placo their 'supply of food. A common danger produced a temporary sus pension of the state of hostility usually exist ing between tho canine and felino races. Tho cats at first proposed that tho meeting should take placo soiuewhero on tho tiles, but this arrangement did not suit tho dogs, and it was' ultimately determined that the concourse should be held on tho plane of a piece of open ground, Tho chair was taken by a Skye terrier, as much by tho force of habit as by tho suggestion of the assembly. Tho chair dog said that ho occupied disinterested position, inasmuch as his own person al faro consisted of milk and bread and butter, morning and cvoning, whilst at dinner ho had regularly his threo courses and dessert, being treated in every rcspoct as ono'of tho family in which ho held a situation. Ho could, however, sympathise with his less fortunato brethren and sisters, including if ho might bo allowed to include the fulino portion of tho assembly, with somo of whoso race ho had livod in amicable relations. - A Newfoundland dog, whoso expression Indicated much sagacity, observed, that if horseflesh were to bcomo an artiaie of popular consumption, they (the dogs and cats) would got nono but what was rejected as unfit for human food ; the conscqucnco of which must be disease, or at least distemper. An Irish greyhound vchomontly protested that converting horso-flcsh into butchers' meat would bo taking the bread out of his mouth. A bull-dog declared that if ho wore deprived of his bit of horse, ho should go mad. Let society look to that 1 :,i Tho meeting was then addressed by a delegate from a pack of hounds', who insisted that the proposed interference with their diet would be destructive to the best Interests of horse-flesh ; as it would ruin rry konnol and consquently knock up bunting, lie deprecated any change of tho ultimate destination of the high mottled racer. ; Several settors, pointers, and spaniols, then delivered their sentiments, embarking in a rather noisy discussion, t .... The Cats had hitherto retained a dogged silence, but several of them now spoko, alt avowbtg tbt -determination, if they wera deprived of their rfreat, to indemnify themselves by additional stealing. - i. , ... A resolution,, proposecT hi the chair-dog, and seconded by a tortois' shell tom-cat, pledging all present to bite and scratch tigor-" ously in defence of their vested rights, having been carried unanimous! fbe meeting separv' ted.. ... . . i ' ''" -i t ' ..-' FonMAtrrr.-Tbe mort polished tho socuM ty i, the lass formality ibsrs is in it: ' HOMES IN MINNESOTA. A correspondent writing from Saratoga,, Winona Cp Minnesota says : . I found among the groat tide of emigrants to tho West, last Full and Spring, thousands who selected thoir homes in Southern Minnesota i and a more beautiful country for tho habitation of man cannot bo found. ' It combines all tho essential elements for tho support of a denso population. Tho surface of tho country is generally rolling, soil rich and productive, and climate healthy .building materials abundant, nnd streams of tho purest water, abounding with speckled trout, aro plenty. Ono spot of peculiar beauty and attraction is at Saratoga, in Winona county, 25 miles west of the Mississippi Uivcr, and about equal distance from Winona and La Crosse, and on, tho direct lino of a projected railroad from La Crosse to Mancato, at tho south bond of tho Minnesota Itivor. No bettor opening can bo offered to mechanics and others of industrious habits, whoso fortunes may be greatly improved by securing to themselves under the preemption law, 1G0 acres of rich land at $1,25 per acre, which land can only bo obtained by tho actual settlers. Winter wheat, and all kinds of grain and vegetables havo afforded a most abundant crop this season.' Com, is excellent j growth of grass very heavy making it at once a lino stock country. People from tho dilferent States aro alike healthy, and satisfied with their new homes. Saixt Putei!. St. Peter is a young and thriving town in Minnesota, situatod on tho Minnesota Kiver, 75 milos from St. Paul by land, and ono hundred and twenty-five by water. Though not yot two years old, it. contains, already four hundred inhabitants, and there aro already indications that it will ono day becomo tho capital of tho State. It has a large hotel, saw, steam and grist mill, a well conducted newspaper, called tho St. Totcr Courier. Tho west side of the river, on which side is tho town, aro beautiful and eminently productivo prairio3 for twenty or thirty miles while on tho opposite side, and immediately adjoining, may bo found tho bsst timber in tho northwest, in inexhaustible quantities. The combination of timber, water and prairie, with all tho necessary building material is found there. The railroad from Winona to St. Peter is about a hundred and ton miles in length and its ultimate completion is a fixol fact ; that connecting tho Minnesota valley with the Mississippe below Lako Pepin, and forming a direct connection betweon St. Peter, Winona, La Crosse, Milwaukee and Chicago. Also tho railroad upon tho Dos Moinese, iu Iowa, is pointing directly for St. Peter. Tho Government road from St. Paul to tho Missouri Itiv-cr forms a direct lino betweon St. Paul and St. Peter, by a road, with good bridges across the streams, and well graded. Tho town contains about 2,500 inhabitants, nnd St. Toter, is ordinarily the head of navigation for steamboats on tho Minnesota River, and a good lino of packets aro kept running during tho navigable season. A correspondent writes from. South Bend, Minnesota, in praise of that portion of tho Territory, and describes tho uncommon induce ments ollored to farmers and others wishin. to obtain in tho groat West a permanent and pleasant homo to emigrate thither. Tho valley of tho Minnesota Iii ver contains thousands of acres of land unsurpassed in fertility and dosireableness in every particular. Along the Blue Earth, and big and littlo Cottonwood -liv ers tho country is well timbered, and although most of the timbered country is already taken up by actual settlers, there is abundance o1 prairie claims to bo entered, whilo tho adjoin ing timber can bo purchased from $5 to $10 per aero. Tho rolling prairies abound in livingstrcams and tho best of water can always bo procured by digging 25 or 1)0 feet. The settlers iu that region aro mostly Yankees, Welsh, Norwegians, and Germans, many of whom luivo capital, with which they are improving thoir lands and putting up sawmills and stores. Immigrants aro rapidly filling up tho best locations. A railroad survey is now making from Dubu-quo to South Bend, and that is in a great many respects, a desirable ono for persons in search of a home. Smile and Frowns. Which will you do smilo. nnd mako your household happy, or bo crabbed, and mako all thoso young ones gloomy, and 'tho elder ones miscrablo ? Tho amount of happi ncss you can produco is incalculable, if you show a smiling face, a kind heart, and speak pleasant words. Wear a pleasant countenance; lot joy beam in your eyes, and love glow on your forehead. Thoro is no joy like that which springs from a kind act or pleasant dcod ; and you will feel it at night when you rest, in tho morning when you rise, and through the day when about your business. morals of Heathenism. Hot. Dr. Leonard, in a late address said : When Dr. Wado returned to this country tho first time, I asked him if the heathen had any consciousness of sin and guilt ? : Ho answer-od, yes. Tliey know it is wrong to stent and to lie, and yet they are in the. habit of doing both. Ho further stated I once read tho first cpistlo to the Romans to a group of Bnrmans, when one of them said, " you wroto that on purpose, for us.M. Ilssaw his own character and that of his people, as the apostle saw and described il . . (PiT Gordon- Camming, the great lion slay er, was tolling Rogers, once, hohe cam unarmed upon a reat lion " Thinking to frighten him I rail at him with all my might," said the hunter. , V Whereupon," said, tis poet, ','he ran away with all his mine I suppose 1 "ExacUj so,' said Commmj,' PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Fellow citizens of thn Senate ' awl House of IlepresenMives I ' Tho Constitution requires that the President shall, from time to timo, not only recommend to the consideration of Congress such measures as he may Judge necessary and expedient, but also that ho shall give information to them of tho state of tho Union. To do this fully involves exposition of all matters in tho actual condition of tho country, domestic or foreign, which essentially concern the gcnoral welfare. While perlbrming his constitutional duty in this rcsjicct, tho President does not speak merely to express personal convictions, but as tho executive minister of tho government, enabled by his position, and called upon by his oiliciul obligations, to scan with an impartial eyo tho interests of tlie whole, and of every part of tho United States. ' Of the condition of tho domestic interests of tho Union, its agriculture, mines, manufactures, navigation, and commerce, it is necessary only to say that tho internal prosperity of the country, its continuous and steady advancement in wealth and population, and in in private ns well as in public well being, attest tho wisdom of our institutions, and tho predominant spirit of intelligence and patriotism, which, notwithstanding occasional irregularities of opinion or action resulting from popular freedom, has distinguished and characterized tho people of America. In tho brief interval between tho termination of tho last and the commencement of tho present session of Congress, tho public mind lias been occupied with tho oaro of selecting, for another constitutional term, tho President and Vico President of tho United States. Tho determination of the persons, who aro of right, or contingently, to preside over the administration of tho government, is, under our system, committed to tho Slates and the people. Wo appeal to them, by their voico pronounced in the forms of law, to call whomsoever they will to the high post of Chief Magistrate.And thus it is that tho senators represent tho respective States of the Union, and tho members of tho Housa of l'cprescntatives tho several constituentencies of each State, so the President represents the aggregate population of the United States. Their election of him is the explicit and solemn act of tho solo sovereign authority of tho Union. It is impossible to misapprehend tho great principles, which, by their recent political action, the people of tlie United States havo sanctioned and announced. They have asserted the constitutional equality of each and all of tho States of tho Union as states ; thoy have iilUrinod the constitutional equality of each and all of the citizens of the United States as citizens, whatever their religion, wherever' their birth or their residence; they havo maintained tho inviolability of the constitutional rights of tho different sections of the Union ; and they havo proclaimed thoir devoted and unalterable attachment to tho Union and to the constitution, as objects of interest superior to all subjects of local or sectional controversy, as tho safeguard of tho rights of all, as tho spirit and the essence of tho liberty, peace, and greatness of tho liopublic. In doing this, they have, at the same lime, emphatically condemned the idea ot orgauiZ' mg in theso United States mere geographical parties; ol marshalling in hostile array to. wards each other tho different pin ts of the country, North or South, East or West, Schemes of this nature, fraught with incal culable mischief, mid which tho considerate sense of tho peoplo has rejected, could havo had countenance in no part of the country, had they not been disguised by suggestions plausible in appearance, iictinir upon an excited state of the public mind, induced by causes tempo rary m their character, and it is hoped transient in their influence Perfect liberty of association for political ob )fU' "".d the ,villwt. sc"l' t discussion, are iiiu lauiLu uiiu tmunaij voiiililions ui go- eriinient in our country. Our institutions, framed iu tho spirit of confidence in the intel ligence and integrity of the people, do not lor-bid citizens either individually or associated together, to attack by writing, speech, or any other methods short of physical fbreo, the Constitution and tho very existence of tho Union. Under tho shelter of this great liberty, and protected by the biws and usages of tho Government, they assail, associations have been formed, in somo of tho States, of individuals who, pretending to seek only to prevent tho spread of tho institution of slavery into the present or future Inchoate States of tho Union, are really inflamed witli desire to chango tho domestic institutions of existing States. To accomplish their objccts, they dictato themselves to the odious task of deprecating tho (lovernment organization, which stands in their way, and of calumniating, with indiscriminate invective, not only the citizens of particular States, with whoso laws thoy find fault, but all others of their fellow citizens throughout tho country, who do not participate with them in their assaults upon tho Constitution, framed and adopted by our fathers, and claiming for tho privileges it has secured, and tho blessings it lias conferred, the steady supiort nnd grateful revcreiico of thoir children. They seek nn object which they well know to Ikj a revolutionary one. They aro perfectly awaro that tho change in the relativo condition of the black nnd whito races in tho slaveholding States, which they would promote, is beyond their lawful authority ; that to thorn it is a foreign object ; that it cannot bo effected by any pcuccful instrumentality of theirs; that for them, and tho States of which they are citizens, tho only path to its accomplishment is through burning cities, and ravaged fields, and slaughtcrd populations, and all there is most terrible in foreign, complicated with civil and scrvilo war; and that tho first step in the attempt is tho forcible disruption of a country embracing in its broad ba;oin a degree of liberty, and an amount of individual and public prosperity, to which there is no parallel in history, and'substituting In its placo hostile governments, driven at once and inevitably into mutual devastation and fatricidal carnage, transforming tho now peaceful and felicitous brotherhood into a vast permanent camp of armed men liko the rival monarchies of Kurope and Asia. Well knowing that such, and such only, aro the means and the consequences of their plans and purposes, they endeavor to prepare the people of the United States for civil war by doing ovcry thing in their power tode-prive the Constitution and the laws of moral authority, and to wndenuino the fabric of the Union by appeals to passion and sectional prejudice, by indoctrinating its peoplo with reciprocal hatred, and by educating them to stand face to face as enemies, rather than shoulder to shoulder as friends. Lt is by the agency , of such unwarrantable interference,, foreign and domestic, that the minds of many, otherwise good citizens, havo been so inflamed into tlie passionate condom-nation of the domestic institutions of tho southern States, as at length to pass insensibly to almost equally passicnato Inutility, towards their. fellow-citizens of those States, and thus finally to fall into tcmporarjr utllowshujr with tho avowod and active enemies of tho Constitution. Ardently attached to liberty in the abstract, they do not stop to consider practi-cally how the objects thoy would attain can bo accomplished, nor to rolled that, even if the evil were ns great as they deem it, they have no remedy to apply, nnd that it can onlv be aggravated by thoir violence nnd unconstitutional action. A question, which is ono of the most difficult of all tho pmblcmhs of social institution, political economy and statesmanship, thoy treat with unreasoning intennoraneo of thought nnd language. Extremes bsgd extremes. Ariolent attack from tho North finds its inevitable consequence in tho growth of a spirit of angry defiance at tho South. Thus in tho progress of events we had reached that consummation, which the voico of the people has now so pointedly rebuked of tho attempt, of a portion of the States, by a sect ional oram. ization and movement, to usurp the control of tho government of tho United Slates. I confidently believe that the great body of uiose, who, inconsiderately tool; tins ratal step, aro sincerely attached to the Constitution and tho Union. They would, upon deliberation, shrink w;ih unaffected horror from any conscious net of disunion, and which has no other possiblo outlet. They havo proceeded thus far in that direction inconscquance of the suc-ceosivc stages of their progress having consisted of a scries of secondary issues, each of which professed to be confined within constitutional and peaceful limits, but which attempted inili-rectly what few men wore willing to do directly, that is, to act aggressively against the constitutional rights of nearly on'e-hali' of the thirty-ono States. In the long scries of acts of indirect aggression, tho first was tho strenuous agitation, by citizens of the northern Slates, in Congress and out of it, of tho question of negro eiinan-cipntion in tho southern States. The second step in this path of evil consisted of acts of tho people of tho northern States, and in several instances of their governments, aimed to facilitate tho escape of persons held to service in tho southern S t.ltos. mwl tn inr. vent their extradition when reclaimed accord- ing to law and in virtue of express provisions of the Constitution. To promote this object, ... u. . t. v.- i . . " - legislative enactments ami olhor means were adopted to take away or defeat rights, which tho Constitution solemnly guarantied. In order to nullify the then existing net of Congress concerning tho extradition of fugitives from service, laws wero enacted in many Stales, forbidding their officers, under tho severest penalties, to participate in tho execution of any act of Congress whatever. In this way that system of harmonious co-operation between tho authoaitios of the United Stales and of the several States, for the maintenance of their common institutions, which existed in the early years of tho Republic, was destroyed ; conflicts of jurisdiction camo to bo frequent ; nnd Congress found itself compolled, for the sup port ol tho I onstilution, and tho vindication . , .' ... .. - n ... . jrutiuumi ol its power to authorize the nppointment of thority of nny kind, was repealed. Tho jiosi-' Acuities in that Territorv have boon oxtrava-new ollicors charged with tho oxecution of its I tion assumed, that Congress had no moral gaitlly cxagerated for purposes of politicalinr- ' acts, as ff they and Iho officers of the States right to enact such repeal, was strange enoush, ' it.Uion oUewhero. The number and ftr ivitV ' ' wero the ministers, respectively, of foreign I and singularly so in view of tho fact that the ' of tho acts of violence havo boen magnified governments in a state of mutual hostility, argument came from thoso who openly refused 'partly by statoineuts cntiivlv untrue,niid pait-' rathor than fellow magistrates of a common I obedience to existing laws of tho land, having ' Iv bv reiterated accounts of tho- same rumors' country, peacefully subsisting under the pro-1 Iho same popular designation and quality as . or facts. Thus the Territory has boon seem--tection of ono well-constituted Union. Thus ' coinprotniso nets nay, more, w ho uneqiiivo-' inglv filled with extreme violence when tho-' hero, nlso aggression was followed by reaction; callv disregarded and condemned the most ; whole amount of such acts has not' 1pph m. ' ' : t and the attacks upon the Constitution nt this oint did but servo to raiso up now barriers for ils defence and security. Tho third stago of this unhappy sectional i.hii.i,vi.-.v nx in conncciion wiin mo organ ization or Jcrritonnl Governments, and the adn.ws.on of new States into, the Union. I hen it was proposed to admit tho Sfato of! JIaine, by separation of territory from that of) Massachusetts, nnd tho Mate of Missouri, I lormeil ot a portion of tho territorv ceded bv l rancoto tho l' nited States, representatives in uiiij,icsoi;niHed to uio admission of the ...i.w, ..m.i.. ..i, on unions simeu to panic- ( ular views of then-nub fimllci- 'PI,,, . - , .-- i j' "n,- i u. .-.ii. ii twimiiiun was succcssiniiy re-: sisted. Hut, at tho same period, tho question I ' I'lw-iiiun ui iinpiisin restrictions upon northern states, the ground ot unceasing as-Iho residue of tho Territory ceded by Franco sault upon constitutional light. 1 lint question was, for tho time, disposed of by tho adoption of a geographical line of limitation.In this connexion it should not bo forgotten I hat 1- ranee, of hor own accord, resolved, for considerations of tho most fiir-siirhtcd saeraeitv. to cede Louisiana to tho United States, nnd J and Nebraska was passed, the inherent effect And evory well disposed person is now etia-' that cession was accepted , by . tho United : upon that portion of tho public duniaiu thus j bled once'more to devote himself in p-aca to States, tho latter expressly engaged that "the! opened to legal settlement, we.s to admit set-! tho pursuits of prosperous industry for tho inhabitants of the ceded territory shall 1k in- j tiers from nil the States of the Union alike, ! prosecution of which ho undo-tnok to nartici ' corpomtod m the Union of the United Slates, each with his convictions of public lwlicy and ; pate in the se: tlement of the Territory-mid ndniilted ns soon ns possible according to , private intorest, there to fuund in their di-cre- j It affords me unininuied satisfaction thusto tho principles 'of tho Federal Constitution, to me enjoyment ol all tiio rights, advantages, and iininuniliesof citizens of the United States; nnd in tho meantimo thoy shall bo maintained anil protected in their fr eo enjoyment of Ihoir in-.y, y.njinuj, aim me religion which tncy tnvr.inji A l. :i 1 .. ii...;.. .. , i ,t. .. -. , . ; .. iw.ii in iu k,j , ,v remains in a IW......I..1 i wiim nun, km luiiiiiiiiiuii.s are ma n- uiiiu-.i una proiccieti in tno ireo enjoyment ol :.. ii.. r. r their liberty nnd properly, will, n right then to pass into the condition of States on n footing of perfect equality with tho original States. i no enactment, which established tho restrictive geographical line, was acquic.scd in rather than approved by tho States of tho Un ion. It stood on the statute book, however, for a number of years ; and tho peoplo of the respective Slates ncquiesced in the re-enactment of the principle- os applied to the State of Texas; and it was proposed to acquiesce in its luriner application to the territory acquired by the United States from Mexico, lint this tiron- osition was successfully resisted by tho representatives from tho northern States, who. ro- gardless of the statute line, insisted upon ap- tili'inrr rnjlrliilinti i ll.n ....... ... it I ' i'V"A 1V..UH.1IVII wiuum-vi iui i miry (fciienu-ly, whether lying north or south of it, thoreby repealing it as a legislative comnromise. nnil. on the part of the North, persistently violating iuo compact,, u compact mere was. Thereupon this enactment ceased to have binding virtuo in any sense, whether as re. sirccts the North or South ; and so in effect it was treated on the occasion of the admission of tho State of California, and tlie organization of iiiu i u. ii mi ics m im'ty aicxico, utali, ana Washington. Such was tho slato of this question, whon (lie time arrived for tho organization of tho Territories of Kansas and Xebnuka. In l.o progress of constitutional inquiry, and reflection, it had now at lemrth coma to bo in clearly that Congress dues not possess constitutional power to imnress restrictions nf ihu character upon any present or future State of uio cmon. in a long series or decisions, on the fullest argmuonL and after the most deiib- crato consideration, the Supremo Court of tho United States had finally determined this point, in every form undor which tlie question conld arise, whether as affecting public r pruete rights in questions of tha public domain, of n-iiicvitiii unYiKniioB, anaM servitude. X no several States of the Union are. by Ibira of ihe Constilution, co-equal in'doraestic lee- islative power. , Congress enait cliange a law 01 domestic relation in tlie Rtt f M.inn-no I , , - , . more can it in U.e State of Missonri. Any statute- wnicn pronosos to do Una u I mere-! nullity ; it takes away no right, it confers none. If it remains there only as a monument of error, and n beacon of w arning to the legislator and the statesman. To repel it will be only to remove imperfection from the sln'utos, without effecting, cither in tho sen-io of permission or prohibition, tho action of the Stales, or of their citizens. Slill, when tho nominal restriction of this na ture, already a dead letter in law, was in terms repealed by the last Congress, in a dense of It tho net organizing the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, that repeal was made tho occasion of a wide-spreel and dangerous agitation.It was nllcdgod t.iat the ordinal enactment being a compact of perpctu d moral obligation, tibia with the compacts of tho Constitution1 its repeal constituted an odious breach of faith. and tho existence of the Union. Thus when-An net of Congress, while it remains unro-! the nets of somo of the States to 'nullify tho pealed, more especially if it be constitutionally existing extradition law imposed upon Con-valid in tho judgment of those public function- 'givss the duty of passing a new one, the coun-'. arii s whoso duty it is to pronounce on that j try was invited by agitators to enter into par-point, is undoubtedly binding on the conscience j ty organization for its repeal ; but tiiat nita-of each good citizen of tho liopublic. Put in turn speedily ceased by reason of the impracti- what sense can it be asserted that the enact- went iii question was invested with perpetuity and entitled to tho respect of a solemn compact ? No distinct contending powers of the government, no separate sections of the Union, treating as such, entered into treaty stipula lions on the subject. It wus a mere clause of ; the North against imputed Southern encroach-Congress, and like any other controverted mat-1 incuts; which cry sprang in reality from tho terof legislation, received its final shape and 'spirit of revolutionary attack on tho domestic ' was passed by compromise of the conliicling i institutions of the Seuth, and, after a tro'.ihlcd. opinions or sentiments of tho members of Con-1 existence of a few months, has been rebuked gross. l!ut if it had moral authority over by Ibo voico of a patriotic peoplo. man's consciences, to whom did this authority Gf this last agitation, ono lamentabio fea-. attach ? Not to those of the North, who had i turo was, that it was carried on at the immo-, repeatedly refused to confirm it by extension, j diale expenso of thcpe.iro and happinws of invalid who had zealously striven to establish ; people of the Territory of Kansas. That was other nnd incompatible regulations upon the j mailti the battlo-liell, not so much of opposing subject. And if, ns it thus appear?, the sup- i actions or interests within itself, as of the con-posed compact had. no obligatory foreo ns to ! Hiding passions of tho whole peoplo of tho IT.' tho South, for all such compacts must bo mn n-i tualandot reciprocal obligation. i had its origin in projects of intervention, de- It has not unfrequently happened that lr.w I liberalcly arrange! by certain members of'lhat givers, with undue estimation of the value of i Congress, which enacted a law for tho or"nni-tlm l.'iu- rhpv p-ivn. or ill tho view of imnni'lin.- ! zatioll of the TeiTiloi.r. Anil nlmn . to it peculiar strength, make it perpetual in ' tern s ; but they cannot thus' bind l ho ennsci- enco, tho judgement, nnd the will of those 1 who may succeed them invested with similar 1 !l cy, there ensued, ns a matter of course, a responsibilities, and clothed with equal au-: counter action with opposite views, in oHior thority. More careful investigation may prove sections of tl.o Union. , mt tho law to be unsound in piincq b. Kxperi- i Iu consequence of thoso and other incidentsJ ence may show il to be imperfect in detail nnd ' many acts of disorder it is undeniable, havi impracticable in execution. And then both j been perpetrated in Kansas, to tho occasional '-reason and right combine not merely to justify, i interruption, rather than the permanent sus- ' but to requite its reper.l. I pension, of regular government. AcgrossiTO' Tho Constitution, supremo as it is over all 1 and most reprehensible incursions "into tho . the departments of thu Government, legisla- Territory were undertaken, both in tho north 1 live, executive, nnd judicial, is open to amend-1 and south, nnd entered it on iu northern bor-ment by its very terms ; and Congress or the I dor by lliu way of Iowa, as well as on the eas-i. Slates may, in their d'scrcHon, pi opc.se amend- !crn by way of Missouri; und there has ex- meni to if, solemn compact though it in truth ' isted within it a stato of insurrection n-ainst is between the sovereign Slnles of tho Union, the constituted authorities, not without ootfn'J' In Iho present instance, n political enactment, tenanco from inconsiderate persons in each of ' :- which lnul onnsprl In have l".iil limvor nr nu- ' the p-miit uiH-tinrw i.C tint ITui..n !... positivo nnd obligatory injunctions of the , Constitution itself, and' sought, by every ; menus within their reach, to deprive a portion ; of their fellow-citizens of tho equal enjoyment , of thoso rights and privileges' guarantied alike Uo nil by tho fundamental compact of our Un-; ion. This argument against tho repeal or the ' statute line in question, was accompanied by ,' another of congenial character, and equally with tho former destitute of foundation iu reason and truth. It was imputed that ill: measure originated in tho conception of ex- . lending me limits ot stavc-.ai.or iwyond those , .-.,...! ,,i.i i :i n.... i i-.v...vi.. ....... 0um iu ii, .un. in..!, ir.i-i ; us natural as well as inten le t ellecl ; an.l these bisoless assumptions were made, in the Hie repeal in terms or a statute, which was already obsolete, and also null for unconstitutionality, could havo no iiilluence 10 obstruct or to promoto tho propagation of conflicting view s of political or social institutions. When tho net oranizini the Territories of Kansas : tion, suiiject lo such limitations n tho Consti-1 tulioii and acts of Congress might prescribe, new Slates, hereafter to lie admitted into the Union. It was a free field, open alike lo nil. r w neinor me siaiuie line oi assumed vest i iction . . ..e.: i . . ....... ' were repealed or not. . inn repeat iu,i not open ... ft... r n. .. .1; ...... . to iree competition ol tho diverse opinions and j - domestic institutions n lield. which, without 1 iu iree cuinp.-iiiiuii oi uio inverse opinions and uumi-suu himiiiiiiouk a neiu. which, wunoui. 1 sucn repeal, would liavo ooen closed against l .1 ii t i. i. 'i . ..' uicm . u luiuiu uiai lum oi coiiijieiiuouuii-eimy nc insurrection, is, when tho cxirorey occurs opened, in fact und in law. All the rejieal did ) n matter of the mod earnest SiTcitndo. Cri1 w as to releavo the statule-look of an objection-; this occasion of inipei itive necessity H has able enactment, unconstitutional in effect, nnd i lweil dono with the best results, nnd my salis-injurious in terms to a largo portion of the , faction in the r-ttainm-ni of such results by" Slates. , j such means is greatly enhanced by ihe con- ' Is it the fact, that, in all the unsettled re- jsidoration,tbat, through thu wisdom audencr-i gionsof the United States, if emigration be ! gy of the present Kxeculivo of Kansas and left freo to act in this respect for itself, without tho prudence, firmness nnd vigilance of tho legal prohibitions on either side, slave-lalior ' military officers on duty thoro, tranquility has,' ' will spontaneously go every whore, in prefer-1 been restored without one diop of blood hnv-' onca to free labor 1 Is it tho fact, thnt the pe- j ing been shed in its accomplishment by th ' culiar domostic institutitns of tho southern j forces of tho United Statosi States poMMS relatively so much or vigor, that, The restoration of the comparative tran-wheresocver an avenue is freely open to all the ! quility in that Territory furnisn-ej tho mainsworn!, they will penetrato to tho exclusion of jof observing calmly, anil nppreeiatin" at their'' ' those of the northern States 1 Is it tho fact, 'just value, tho events Which have "occurred : "" thnt the former enjoy, compared will, tho Lit-1 there, and the discussions of tvrtk h ili n.,v.' " ter, such irresistibly superior vitality, iudepen-1 dent of climate, suit, nnd ull other accidental circumstances, us to bo able to produce tho supposed result, in spite of the assumed moral and nnlnnd obstacles to its accomplishment, and of tho more Humorous population of tho northern States? ...... , The argument or those, who advocate the enactment of now laws of restriction, and condemn the repeal of old ones, in effect avers that tuoir particular views of gntfermriont have no self-extending or self stiitaininir' power of I turo of things. Congress legislated tipou the i- their own, and will go no whore miles forced subject in snch terras ns x&.v most consonant 1 ' ''v by act of Congress. And if Congrcs4o, but ttriththoprirKHplcofpopularfflvcreipTitvwhch'1''''' "' pause for l moment in tho policy of - stem co- luodprliesour Oovi'rument. ' It couMnot hair"" '' '! ercion ; if it vontiireto try the experiment ofl legislated othohtisi without doing violcuce tfj'' ' J '1 leaving men to judge for thomse!ve3 what in-1 another grent principle of our institutions tho ' j1 stiUitions will best suit IhenlJ if it ho not' inprescriptiblo right of equality of the several strained topsrpctual legislative exertion on Slntcs.: - '. ; ' : I . this iuit? if Congress proceed thus lo act in ; We perceive; Uo, t hat sectional Interest ' ' 'iV ilia VArT CTiitMi nf uftf ii im nk nni liatVAfl i An A M.P L . . i . m ... t ' ". J -.!i .... ...y -. -. - " fc a-1 1 Ii nniiit.i. I n Avlnnil 1 .1 .i I ., 1,a n l . k . mcy were in prejudice, ana disseminated in rmsaion. are utterly destitute hf unv Incfifiin. tion in the nature of thins, nnd contrary to """," ",;"'u ,"'v-"v "? Bsimary operation of tho oriaaio new Territories ofthehmted Btalcs; ' principles" adnpte.l, and thi chief cause of th-'' ''!'""' Of emirse, these imputations on thte ravnesto distttrbamW In Ivinsas TIte aa- ' tions of Congress in this respect, conceived as ! sumptidii thaVb?caos iri ilia orvatrisnuoa at'-" all the fiwdsinental doctrines and principles of. been subjecttherefore disorders' occnrmil in civil titwrtv nH .nlf i,.rnn,.nl : -I A .-!,. I.liu. nwi'..l s. . .- ,!? .. f..-. .......... . . i WhuV therefor, in general 'Ihdpeopbj of the northern States bava pevcr, at any time, arrogated for tho federal government tho po'w- ' or lo interfere directly with tho domestic condition of persons in the southern States but" ' on tho contrary havu. disavowed nil snch Intentions, and have shrunk f;ora conspicuous aflliliation with those Pew who pnr-nio- their fa-natical objects avowedly through' tho contere-' plated moans of revolutionary change of thi " government, and with acceptance of tlv uccos- " ' sary consequences a civil and servile- -war-"' ct many citizens havo suffered thenivelvoito. ' ' e drawn into one evanescent political issuo of uguaucii mter aiioineiv appertaining to th samo set of opinions, and which subsided a rap: ijdly as they arose when It ehm'o to bo seen, ' ' as it unilbrmh' hid. that thev jcabihtv of its object. So, when tha statntn restriction upon tho iniilitiilion.H of New States, by a geographical line, had boen repeated, the country was urged to demand its restoration,: and that project also died almost with' its birth. Then followed tho err of nl arm frnv slates. Revolutionary disorder in Kansas dist colonization of Kansas had thus beeiMin- ' dertalcon hi one section of Iho Union, fur tho systematic promotion of its peculiar views of lor than what occasionally passes before us in'- - single cities to tho regrel'of all good citizens -- but without being regarded as of general or permanent political consequence. ' Imputed irregularities in tlui elections hail 1 ' in Kansas, liko occasional iircuhirlios iif tKK same description in the Siato wcre WoVut the sphere of action of the Kxccutivo "lhifc incidents of actual violence or of orp-anized ob. sirucuon oi law, pertinaciously renewed from nine to time, nave been met as the lev fHVtlrori In' cm!i miMitw n. it. .v.. .... " I . f .y ....v.. . . i... nwv i.riuwiuic nun ns 1110 circumstances required: and nothing of this character now remains to ali'ect tho rrenernl . i-.i. i-... ., . .."." bv. iioacu UI IUU I lliUI), ii he attcnint ol' n rwvr if tho inhabitiHils of tho Territory to ewer. n. revolution.iry government, thoucih scimonslni encouraged and supplied with, pecuniary aiil.i from actho agents of disorder in somo of tho' Slates, has completely failed. Rodies of arm- ed mon, foreign to .tho Territory, have been' ' i"-"1" iivm ciuui iii w iv.mpeitm ro leave it. Predatory brxds, engaged in nets of ra-. : pine, under cover of thy existing political dig-' tmbnrpes bvn lw.nn n,-..-.2i.,,i .... ,i: announce the peaceful condition of things in' Kansas, especially considering tho means 'to' ; which it was necessary to have recourse for 'tho attainment of the. mil nnmM.. ploy ment ol n part ot the military force of tho' . . . . .. .. . e vm- Lulled Slates. The withdrawn! of tint fin ..... . . . . - ..'" mim lioin ils proper duty of defe u -ainst (iiivi ui Inp-i ,,v tl. lioin us proper Kilty ol ileleniling tho country ueaihsi orein toes nr n. unmu ,.r i . ...... tier, to employ it for the .suppression of domos- . v' '"- ".-. eminent of tho Territory has been tho'sub-' r, Wo perceive that crnirovcrsv cciintn;nT'!i' . future domestic .institutions was inevitable;"'"' that no human pro Icnce, no foim of legisla-',' ''M ' ' tion, no wisdom on the lai t of Congress, coulA' havo prevented thi.C ; ,. ' . ' ' ' It is idlo to supposs that fho particular pro- ' 1 "'" visions wero the cause of agitation. The pro-'1 " visions wero but (he occasion, or the pretext ; ' of an nsitntien, which was liibcrnni d. .kn .' r iumiohis nnveoeen Hie great Imped- I , h. ... . . .. . I 1 9. 1 'the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas. ConW nl..i;.,. r, f..i ... -jr? '' 11 them to which tirfain .tw T..t,i.... ..?. . .i iciiuuij. is uuiimaLicAii v mnn dieted by the (net that mme have bciurreJ . 'toe former. These disorders ware not tfce rA 1 1: :t