Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1861-08-27

              immmwmmmmmmmmm' , , L 1IJL , j - " 7 . . 3 - . . 1 ; - 1 1 . . -J C o 14, N 7 V. 7'rV 1 VOLUME MOUNT VERNON, OHIO : viUGUS NUMBEB -9, - u IS rilUHHI IT11T TT1U1T 1(11111, Dt L. II All PC U. ... Oflee In 7oniiyAd,t Block, Third Story TSXatS Twlnr ptruMii, pjbla In d-Vum: $2.5 witUa sU otb ; $3,00 flr th x rStd Direct Tax Law. T2ie Hexr Ecrcnuc Act. T&t rirtl Ttx Taxation of Iaoom ci ' Ti Aatadod Tarilt Wo uttt crfal abairset of & new rt re-tMMl, wbih proriiM for tb MCMeat -mm! co!lettOtt of o ftanatJ Ux of $20,000,000, and ktck-aa pasaad by Congrtu oa Friday. A proportion of tb bill it deTQted to detaOi tw-etiaf tb d alias of aUAMort, tha node of aolWeUoa, and tha peaaJtiea for a aooorapliaao8 m'xtk lie provisions of the acU Tbs sections re-latiT to lbs income tax are of general interest, ad tb-entire test is given below. - ArrosTioxMssT. New Hampshire -m m m . . a 218,403 211.063 824 531 Vennont.. ... .... - llassacbosetts.; .. Rhode Island ...... , Con nccticu t...". ... . ..... New York......... Ne JrMj- ...... 116,963 ...... 308.214 .. . 2,603,918 ...... 450,134 .....1,946,719 ...... 74,681 .. ... 436,83 Feooijlvania. IJelaware.... Maryland.......... Virginia ......... .. North Carolina.... Booth Carol! a... 937,550 576,194 363,570 684,367 529,313 413,084 485,885 - e Georgia Alabaman. Mississippi' llosisiaaa .. . Obio , Kentucky-... ' Tennessee.. wa ...1,567,089 .... 713,695 .... 669.498 .... 904.875 ..:i,UC,55I ....761.127 .... 71.743 Indiana Illinois- llissoori... ..... Ksnsas.......... - Arkansas . Micbigaa .... 2G 1,886 501,763 77,522 335,106 452,088 519,688 234,538 108,524 35,140 62.643 26.982 7,733 10.321 4.592 23.905 3.241 49,437 Florida .............. Texas.. ...... Iowa. .. Wisconsin- CaHfornia- Missesota.- Oregon-.....,. New Mexico...... Uiab ................. Washington-. Nebraska-..., Nevada.-.. Colorado DekoU r a Pistrict Columbia....... AS3CSSOOS AKD COLLECTORS. Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the bill declare (he soda of appointing assessors and collectors, and (heir duties. The Secretary of the Treasury will divide the Stales, Territories and District of Col nosbia into convenient districts and appoint an assessor and collector, who mast be. freeholders and resi JenUr in each district. They must give suitable bends, and take oath to execute their offices faithfully. UODK OT ASSESSMENT. : Sections 6, 7, 8 and 9 enact the mode of assessment. The direct tax laid by the act is to be assessed and Lid on the valae of all lands and lots of ground, with their improvement and dweliag . houses, which several articles subject to taxation shall be numerated and . valued by the respec-I ve assessors at the rate aaoh of them is wo b in money oa the first dsj of April eighteen bun 4 red and sistj'two Provided, however, that all property of whatever kind coming within anv of tha foregoing descriptions, and belonging to the United 8lates or any State, or permanently or specially exempted from taxation by the laws of the Stat whereia the same may be situated at the time of tha paMage ot this act, together with sach property belonging to any individual, who svctaaUy resides thereon, as shall be worth the sum of fire hundred dollars, shall be exempted r from the aforesaid enumeration and valuation, and from the direct tax of aforesaid. And provided farther. That in making such assessment, ' due regard shall be had to any valuation that ' may have been as ids under the authority of the Bute or Territory at any period nearest to said first day of April. Persons will be required to give written lists of lots and dwellings liable to direct tax, in default . of which, or in cases of fraudulent return, the as sessor will make such lists ; and to oase of fraud . tha person offending may also be aonvicted be tas aT eourt baring competent Jurisdiction, and Dma or collars. . ' A BS rXTES rXOPKBTT OWXXBS. la eass of tha abssnca of property owrers the assessor must leave a note requiring the owner o present tha list within tea days. If he refuses, he assessar may eater tha premises and make she list. Owners may make ont the lists of prop-arty sitsated ia districts is which they do not re. aide, and thi said lists shall be valid and so Aidant for tha purposes of this act, and oa the deliv-ry of every such list tha parson miking and de- livering tha same shall paj to tha assessor one dollar, whisk ha shall retsia to bis orn use. - TtnUCiTIOK-OT'TAX LISTS A VP ftKCriPICATlOVS. A vsloatiooa ara assessed, lists must be fB4lWI hZ tk, " wach district, and ' or tweatyfiva days after publication appeals will be received and determined relative to excessive valaations or 'enumerations. No valna z 4iaa shall be increased without a previous notice r oXalka.'t fivediy. - TaV' Board of Assessors must carefully extra- r ,laa tha lists of valaxiion, and they may revise, ad. aast and1 eqealix tbs tsJ nation of Mooertv in it say eouaty or Stata district, by adding' thereto " er dedaetiag therefrom such a rate per centum !: as ihxlL ondsr tha valuation of tha several coun- I. Aies and Stata 4iB.ricts, ba equiUble. Provided, I' The relative valuation oi property fa' the ss.me : - eoaaty shall sot be changed an loss manifest er- vor or imperfection shall appear ia any of the r. lists of valuation, ia which case titer have pow- as ia correct the eaieas to them shall appear JLjasVaod right. J And If, ia eon sequence of Any i revisal, chaaga and a,!toratiow of tha said valua-t sy inequality shall fee produced ia the ap- porioaciest cf tSa direct tax to tie tdysral Stales, i Jl jliUJtoJia djty f tlia Becretsxy of tha Trea i serr to report tha same to Congress, to the intent " rectifying suci iaeaaritx-'; y-y -----' j J7fce t-eassfisore ttrt corrj-!eted tha, adjust-i yiect and equslizsiloa, tie treper quota of the ! t tax each couv ai .tiirict- of.ft State t'-V 1 1 - i4, - -;-..-''.'--: I'1!.""""? 57 !;j,-tiQ .t - . tsctija 31 provides list when j Ut shall remain nnoaid for tha terns of owe year, the collector in tha Stata where tha property lies, having first advertised tha same for sixty days, in at least one newspaper ia the State, shall proceed to sell at public sale, so saaeh of the said property as may be veceseary to satisfy the taxes thereof; together with aa addition of twenty per-rentnm thereon ; or if such property is wot devis-ble, as a foresaid, lb whole thereof shall be sold and accounted for in tha manner hereinbefore provided. If the property advertised tot sale cannot be sold for the amount of the tax due thereon, with the said addition thereoa, the collector shall parcbasa the same ia behalf of the United Slates lor sock amount and addition. . lJrTKKKAL DUTlKS TXC XXCISX TAX. T After tha 1st of April, 1862, a doty of 5 cents per gallon mast be paid oa distilled liquors distillers must keep a record of the number of gallons they distill ; the duty matt be paid at the time of rendering the accoant j liquors distilled upon which the daty has not been paid, may be seised and sold ; and a refusal to allow the prop, er officer to inspect the accounts shall subject the refuser to a penalty of 1500. Fermented liquors pay a tax of two cents per gallon, and brewers must keep an. account of the quaiitty brewed. . Penalties are attached for anon-compliance with the law. TAX OX CARRIAGES A YD WITCHES. Section 67 provides that there shall be paid yearly upon every carriage the body of wbicb rests upon springs of any description, which may be kept for use, and which shall not be exclusively employed for the transportation af merchandise, according to the following valuation, including the harness taerwith s Not exceeding fifty dollars 1 If above thirty ana not exceeding one hundred dollars 4 If one hundred and not exceeding two hun- ; drad dollars 8 If above two hundred, and not exceeding four hundred dollare 16 If above four hundred, and not exceeding six hundred dollars ' : 22 If above sis hundred and not exceeding eight . hundred dollars ; V? r 30 If above eight hundred and net exceeding one thousand dollars - 40 If above one thousand dojlsrs . - 50 Which valuation shall be made agreeably to the existing condition of the carriage and harness at the time of making the entry thereof each year, in conformity with ihe provisions of this act; and that there shall be, and hereby i, likewise imposed an annual duty ofone dollar on every gold watch kept for use, and of fifty cents on every silver watch kept lor cse, which duly shall be' paid by the owner thereof. - These articles must be registered and a certificate granted. THE IXCOXC TAX Section 64. Aud be it further enacted, that persons earning or having profits, gains and incomes, in their own right in trust, and all companies, institutions, associations, corparate or not corporate, and corporators earning or having pro. fits gains and incomes are or shall be derived from soarces other than Lb paooertr br thia act subjected to a direct tax, for tna year proceeding the first day of April, Anno Domini eighteen bun-dred'aad sixty tw ,aodeach year tht reafter I a, ood the sum ol eigbt hundred dollars, derived from any source of business, trade or vocation, dividends of stocks, interests of money or debts, salaries, interests on legacies annuites or derived from any other source, within or beyond the boundaries of the United Slates, shall ba subject to and pay a tax of three per centum on ti e 1st day of April in each year from and after the passage of this act, and in com paling such profits, gains and incomes, there shall be deductedbesidea the sum of eight hundred dollars, as aforesaid, all local or State taxes, the wages paid for labor, and other charges incident to such profits gains and incomes not including personal and family expenses, in such manner as to leare the annual net income of each and every person, excepting the. dedDC-tions heretofore and hereafter mentioned subjec' to taxation under the provisions of this act ; Provided, that no perron, member or corporator of any company, institution, association corporation corporation, charred or chargeable with a tax aider this act, shall be required or be subjected j individually to taxation for his or her share of the profits, gains or incomes of such company, institution, association or corporation which shall have been taxed ander the provisions of this act. and paid in whole said company, institution, ar soctation or corporation but where the income tax is derived from persons residing abroad, but drawing money from their property in this country the rate shall be five per cent per annum. Section 65 And ba it further enacted, That each and every person, company, institution, association, corporate or not corporate, and corporator, as mentioned in the proceding section shall on the first day of April next, and each year thet eafier, cause a statement to ba prepared and verified by the oath of such person, or by the oath of the principal manager of such company, institution, association, corporate or not corporate, which statement shall exhibit the amount of profit?, gains and incomes of said person, company, institution, association, corporate or not corporate, for tha year ending on the said first dsy of April, which statements shall, wilhia thirty days from the first day of April, ba lodged with the collector of the excise or internal taxes for the district in which ihe principal place of business of such person or persons, company, association-institution, corporate or not oorpora'e, is situated ; and it shall be the daty of such collector to give public notice that he will attend at convenient places to receive such statement and the amount of tax or duty payable thereon, and shall give a reoeipt or receipts for tna amount paid ; and if any person or persons earning or having profits, gains or incomes, in his own right or in trust, above tha sum of eight hundred dollars, as herein before mentioned, or any company, insti-. tution, association, corporata or not corporate, earning or having profits, gains or incomes abovs the sum of eight bnadrsd dollars, as here in before mentioned, shall neglect or refuse to causa sack statement to be made, lodged with the collector and verified, as aforesaid, the amouot of tax or doty may and shall ba fixed by the collector, and after, ten days notice of the amount so fixed, if not paid, sach amount mav be levied by distraint in tha manner prescribed in otner cases ot delinqaeney Dy tuts act. . MW : Tha following axcelleat article ia from the Chicago Times,- tha leading Democratic paper 1 of Illinois t - .. r- '. - ' - "A 'IXTITATIOS.-In Ohio the republican Ststa Committee bava reaoLTea to mvila tha Democratio Committee to unite- with them in a !nll for a joint Convention . w Furtw oi nomtnaiiog a stata lickeW "Will yon walk into my parlor, said tha spider , ii! r PjVhey tha pemoeraU 3 'r taie wm ' nUr into aay CB OBSUUOIU -ASS BO Dart? rAM..rk r cpoblicao feadert aod of tha repnbUjaa Admin, istrstion xt. Washingtoa has been a fraud from the beginning of Ike war, too transparent, to ba sore, to deceive Democrats, but aevertbeless per aisled in as thoogh (La chest - would sacoeed ul- Cmateiy. . Aendeav -wa.doaot discover in any quarter any disposition,. by Aha republican oartv to abandoo ihosa doctrines , and to repeat . that Stata legislation, which wera ssi frsitfal causes of tha war, and which mcst ba abandoned and re pealed before there can ba peace and concord in the land." -; TiBGm.4 & iimn '98 '99. aXentncltj Recolntlsxis bt tbomax jsrrcxsov. . Resolved, That the several States camposlag tha United States of America, are not united on tha principles of limited submission ta tha Gen eral Government, bat that by compact nader the style and tula of a Constitntioa for tha United States, and of amendments thereto they conslita ted a Genera Govern meat for. special par poses, delegated to that governmeat eertain definite powers, reserving each Stata to itself the residuary mass of right to their owe self-government, and that whensoever the General Go veinmeat auumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force ( that to this compact, each State aceeded as a Stata and is an integral party ; that this Government, created by this compact, was not made the exclusive or fiaaljodea of the extent of the powers delegated to itself : since that would bava made its discre tion and not the Constitution, tha measure of its powers ; but, that as in all other cases of com pact, among parties having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself as well or infractions as of the mode and mess ur of redress. : The Constitntioa of the United States was formed by the sanction of the Slate, given by each in its sovereign capacity. It adds to the stability and dignity, as well a to tbe authority of the Constitution, that it rests on this legitimate foundation. The Stales, then, being tbe parties to the Constitutional compact, and ia their sover-eign capacity, it fallows of necessity that there can be no tribunal above their authority, to decide in the last resort, each questions as may be of sufficient magnitude to require, their interpo si' ton. The authority of Constitutions over gov ernments, and of tha sovereignty of tbe people over the Constitutions, are troths which arc at time accessary to be kspt in mind. Kesolvcd, That the Constitution of tbe United States having delegated to Congress a power to punish treason, counterfeiting tha securities and coin of the United States, piracies and felonies committed on the high seu,nd offenses against the laws of nations, and no -other crimes whatever, and it being true, as a general principle, and one Of the amendments to the Constitution having also declared, "that the powers not dele gated to the United States by ihe Constitntioa, nor prohibited by it to tbe States, are reserved t3 the States respectively, or to the people," theref re, also, the same act of Congress, pasted on ihe 14th day of July, 1708, and entitled, "an act in addition to the act entitled an act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States ;" as also, the act passed by them on the 27 day of June, 1 798,' entitled, An act to punish frauds committed on the banks of tbe United Slates," (and all other of their acts which a some to create, define, or pnnisb crimes others than those enumerated in tbe Constitntioa) are altogether void and. of po fovea, aad that the power to create. da od. paoUli aaoh oibr crimes is reserved, and of right appertains solely and exclusively to the r.spective States, each ithm its i erntory. Resolved. That it is true; as a general princi ple, and is also expressly declared bv ona of the amendments to the Constitution, that the powr era not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to tbe States, are reserved to the States respectively or to the people ; and that no power aver the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, or freedom of the press being delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the States, all lawful powers respecting the same did of right remain, and were reserved to the States or veo pe; And thus was manifested their determination to retain to themselves the right of judging how far those abuses which cannot be separated from beir ose should be tolerated rather than use be destroyed, sou thus also they guarded against all abridgement by the United States, of the free dom of religious principles and exercises, and re al nec to themselves the right of protecting the earners this, stated by a law passed on the pen- f er i aemana oi ivs eiusens, naa aireaay protected them from all humau restraints or interfer. 1 : J 3 J . ... ,' i- , -. . I ence; and, that, in addition to tbis general principle and express declaration, another and more special provision has been made by one of the a men amenta- to the Constitution, which expres- y declares, that "Congress shall mats ho laws respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercises thereof, or abridging the feeedom of speech or ofthepress,n thereby guarding in the same sentence, and under the same words, the freedom of raliffion. of SDeech. and of the press, inasmuch, that whatever vio- ates either, throws down the sanctuary which covers others, and that libels, falsehoods, and in tarnation, equality with heresy and false religion, are withheld from the cognizance of federal tri banal. That therefore the act of the Conerres" of the United States, passed on the 1 4th of July, 1T93, entitled, "An act in addition to tbe act entitled an act for tbe punishment of certain crimes against the United States," bat is altogether void ana oi no lorce. w Resolved, That alien friends are under the iu- risdietion and protection of the laws of the Stale wherein they are ; that so power over them has been delegated to tbe United States, nor prohibited to the individual States distinct from their powers over citizens, and it being true, as a ges eral principle, and ona of the amendments to the Constitution having also' declared that the j powers not delegated to tbe United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to tha States are re served to tba States sssrectively, or to tha peo ple," the act of the Congress of the United States, passed tbe 22d day of June, 1798. assumes DOw er over aliens cot delegated by the Constitution, is not law, bat it is altogether void and of co force. '' '. ' - ' Resolved, That in addition to the creneraf prin ciple as well as tha express declaration, that pow ers not delegated are reserved, another and more special provision inferred . in tba . Constitntioa, from abundant caution, hat declared, "that the migration or importation ot such persons as any of tha States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to tba year 1808 that this commonwealth, does admit tbe migration of alien friends deicntoi as tba subject of the said act concerning aliens ; that a provision against all acts equivalent to prohibition of tha migration,- and w,- therefore, contrary to tba laid provision of the Constitntioa, anu tuiu. - - - . - : l . Resolvedr That tha imprisonment of a person under the protection of tbe laws of this common weallk on his failure to obey tha simple order of tba President, to depart ont of tba United btates, as is undertakes br tha said act, en titled An act eoocsrniaz aliens is contrary to the Coasu tation. one amendment in wbieh has provided, mat no person sosu a aeprtwea oi mer noenj - a ' w aa w - wSV withoat due process of law and that another kavtor provided that in all criminal prosaca lions the accused shall enjoy tha right of a pub' Ho trial by an partial jury, to ba ioformsd a" to the aatara and causa Af thw acoasatioa,-40; b confronted wiik tho' sritaesvsa against fcim to kara compulsory process for witness- inLl fa vox, aad tot bava assistaaea- of ooossel fo kis d fense." tha xaraa act aodert&!;a totUsoriza lb Presideat to ramoto a persos out of tha United States wko is oader tha protection of the law. oo oil own iuspicHro, wUhaot jury, without rab fie trial, without Isvisg witaessess agaiast kis wkkomt eoonsel, is contrary 'to-thesa provisions, also of the Coastitetiok, and, : K tkeisfott, net law,' utterly vetd, and of noTorca. ' That traasferrieg tkapowet of judging aay person who is wader tbe protectioa o' the laws, fiom the eooils of the PresUeat of the United Stales as is undertakes by Us saise act coacer-aiag aliens, is against the rticla of the Ceasli tatioa which provides that 'the Judicial power or the Uaited States shall 1 1 tested ia tha court?, the jodgas of which shall 1-3 their o5ca during good behavior," and the id act is void for that reason also, and it mKI rther ta be noted that this transfer of ibejud: magistrate of the General ( ready peseta all tha execntii alive in all the legislative pc Resolved. That the constn ry power is to that vtraaent wko al-, and qualified acg-?rs.'oa applied by lbs General Goveromeat (as i (Jeol by sundry of their proceeding ) totboaa ficrts or tha Cons lion of the Uuted ' States,'- hick delegate to Congress power to lay .and collect' taxes, duties, imposts, excises ; to pay the debts, aad provide for tha common dt-fense, and general welfare of tha United States,' and ,tO n-.ka a!l laws which shall be recessary aad proper for carrying, into execatlon the powers vested )bj tha Constitution ia tha Government of tba Uf.ited States, or any department thereof, goes to tha destruction of all tha limits prescribed to their poorer by tha Constitution that words mean by ihe instrument to be subsidiary only to the execution of the limited . posers, ongbt not to (a so. construed as themselves to give unlimited power, nor a part so to be taken, as to destroy the whole residue of the Instrument : That the proceeding of the General Government under eolor of those articles, will be fit and' necessary subject for revisal and correction at a time of. greater tranquility, while those specified in the preceding resolutions call for immediate redress. .'. Resolved. That tha preceding resolutions be transmitted to the Senators and Representatives in Congress from the co a moa wealth who are enjoined to present the same to their respective houses, and o nse their beat endeavors to procure at the next session of Congress,, a repeal of the aforesaid unconstitutional and obnoxius acts- 9. Resolved. Lastly, that tbe Governor of this common we 1th be, and is authorized and request ed to communicate tba preceding resolutions to the legislature of tba aaveral States, to assure them thst this commonwealth considers anion for special national purposes, and particularly ibr those specified in their lata federal compact, to be friendly to the peace, happiness, od prosperity of all ike States that faithful o the compact, according to the plain intent and meaning in which it wsi understood apd acceded to by the several parties, it is sincerely anxious for its preservation ; that it does also believe, that to take from the States all the powers of self government, and transfer them to a general and consolidated eovr rnmeat, wilhoat regard tospecialgoverameng and reservations solemnly agreed to in that com. pact, is cot fir the peace, happiness or prosperity of these States. And that therefore, this commonwealth is determined, as it doubts nor its co-States are, to submit to. undIrjijae4ad coase-queatly unlimited powers is do man, or body of men on enrla ; that if tha aoU baCora apeeified should stai d, these conclusions flow from them, that the general government may place any act tbey think proper on the list of crimes and pun-;s'i it themselves, whether enumerated or not enumerated by the Constitution, cognizable by them that they may transfer its cognizance to te Pren hUntor any other person, tcho muh himself be the accuser, cot nse ,J idicm i jurjt w'lose'wspi ctoiis may 09 the ecuieiice, his order the sentence, . hts officertht executioner, and his bretst the sale record of the transaction, that a very nomerous and valuable description of the inhabitants of these States, being by this j a edent r-di-eJs out-laws to abboluie dominion ofone man, aud the barriers of the Constitution thus swept from as all, no rampart now remains against the pass- ons and the power of a majority of & ngress to protect from a like exportation or rather grievous punishment the minority of ihe si me body, the egislatures, judges, Govcrnois and counsellors of the States, nor their other peaceable inhabi tants who may venture to reclaim the constitutional rights and liberties of the States, and people, or who for other onuses, good or bad, may be obnoxious to the view or marked by the suspicions of the President, or to be thought danger ons to his or their elections or other interest, pub ic or personal , that the friendless alien has been selected as the safest subject of a first expert men?, but the citizen will soon follow, or raber has already followed j for, already has a sedition act marked him as a prey. Thst thesa and suc cessive acts of the same character, unless arrested on the threshold may tend to drive thete Stales nto revolution and blood, apd will famish new calumnies against republican government, and new pretexts far those who wish it lobe believed that man cannot be governed bat by a rod of iron j that would ba a dangerous delusion were a confidence in the men of our choice to silence our fears for the safety of our rights ; that confidence is everywhere the parent of despotism . free government is foonded ia jealousy sod not n confidence : it is the jealousy and not 'confi dence which prescribes limited constitution to bind down those whom we are obliged to trust with power, that oar constitution has fixed the limits to which and no farther our confidence mav go; ana let the honest aqvocates ot commence read the alien and sedition acts, and say if the constitution has not been' wise in fixing limits 1o the government it created, and whether ws should be wise in destroying those limits? Let him say what the government is, if it be not a tyranny, which the men of our choice have conferred oa the President and the' President of onv choice has assented to and accepted over the friendly strangers, to whom the mild spirit of oar country and its laws bava pledged hospitality and protection -f that the men of oar choice have m:re respected the snspieioos of the Presideat than the solid .rights of iococence, the claims of justification, tha sacred force ol truth, and tha forms and substance f4sw aed juol'o '" Jm question, sf power then letHo moreb said oft coujiaence ta Mari but bind Aias dowjrom mischief by the chains ofthe constitution. That Ibis common wealth does therefore call on its co-States for an expression of their sentiments on acts con cerning the 'aliens, and .for the panisbmeal of certain crimes, hereinbefore specified, plainly de claring whereby these acts are or are not author ised by tha federal compact, '' And it doubts tot that their sense will be so announced as to trove their attachment 1o limited government, whether general or particular, x.ad that tba rights and lit ertiesot their co-S'atei will be exposed to no m9 Si M AOea fta aalti mi aMaaVHi - 'MAaAsMMW "ufi" ."J tciuaiitiuic vucavaiavcu va wa mu mwn boOom wttk their town. Hat they will concar with tbis commonwealth in considering tba raid acts aa so "palpable against tha Constitution as to amonpt to an vedisguised declaration, that the compact is pot. meant to be aha mease'ro if the power of the General GoveriirietitbBtCiatit wilJ proceed its the axercisw over these States' of all powers whatsoeve-V Tbxt iLey ill view ilia ai sebiog tha xTrbts wf the' &tatea asd consoILiatieg tkero ia the hands of thm Ceneral -Covermnsnt, wilk e power assntaed lobicdi tbo States (not merely iaase tna2iedeal) bat. is all: cases ntil20Ttzkj laws isade, not with IbeTzcoBiBst. bat ibr ottera. rsainst Ctar-eonsenli Jm'drthis woald be ta sorreadar tba faro, cf coTerntnsrA we iiBXTjios8ivsd livir-; un-sr exo driviag- power from its will, and pot from oar antlarity aad that tbe co-States recurring to their natural , rgbts not mace feasrsJ, will coneor to ceclsrin these void and of ao force, and wjH eaeh esite with this eomoVoaweallk ia requesting tksir repeal at the next session of Congress. Tlxnfa Resolatlona. . : BT JAMES BtAOISOX. I. Reselred, Thst the General Assembly of Virgisia doth anequivocaDy express a firm rese-latiee to caautaia aad defend the CoostUatioa of the Uaited States, aad the Constitution ef thia State, against every aggression, either foreign or domestic, end tktt they will sapport the Gov. erwmwnt of the Unite 1 Slates ia all tka measures Warranted by tke former 2- The Geaeral Assembly most solemaly de-clarea a warm attachment to the Union of the States, to maiataia wh'ah it pledges all its pow era and that, for this aad, it is their daty to watch over and oppose every infraction of those principles, which cocstitots tba oaly basis of that Unioa, because a faithful observance of them aleae can secure its existence and tha public hap-pines' . , 2. That this Assembly does explicitly' and peremptorily declare, that it views the powers of the Federal Government, as re suiting from tha compact, to whisk tha States are parlies as limited by the plain sense and intention of tha instrument oonstitating that compact as no further valid than they are authorised by ike grants enumerated in that compact; and that in case of a deliberate, palpable and dangerous exeraise of other powers not granted by the said compact, the States who art parties thereto, have the ri$i and are in dttty bound, to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for mamtaing within their respective limits, tht authorities, rights and liberties appertaining to them. . I. Thai tha General Assembly doik also express its deep regret, that a spirit baa in sundry lestaacra, been manifested by the Federal Government, to enlarge its powers by forced constrno tion of tbe constitutional character wbicb defines them. and that tdicatioes have appeared of a design to expound eertain general phrases (which having been copied from the very limited gra t of power ia tha former articles of confederation, were the less liable to be misconstrued,) so as to destroy tba meaning and effect of tba particular enumeration wkick necessarily axp sins, and limits the general phrases, and so as 10 consolidate ike 8tatea by degrees, into one sovereignty, the obvious tendency, and inevitable result of which would be to transform tbe present Republican system of tba United States into an absolute, or at best, a mixed monarchy. 6. That the general Assembly doth particularly protest against the palpable and alarming infraction of tha constitution, in tbe two late esses ef tha " Alien aad Sedition acts," passed at the last-session of Congress ; the first of which exercises a power bo where delegated to the Federal Government, and which by uniting legislative and judicial powers to those of the exeutiva, sub verts the general principles office government, as well as the particular organisation aad positive provision of the Federal Constitution, and the other of which acts exercise, in like manner, a power not delegated by the Constitntioa, but on tbe contrary, expressly aad positively forbidden by one of the amendments thereto a power more taaa mny otbwr, ongbt to produce universal alarm because it is leveled against the right of fieely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed the only effectual guardian of every right, i i . 6. That ibis State hav'ng by fts convention, which ratified the Federal Constitution, expressly declared, that among other essential rights, M the liberty of conscience and of the press cannot be canceled, abridged, restrained or modified by any authority of ihe United Siales,n andllrom its extreme anxiety to guard these rights from every possible attack of sophistry and ambition, baring, with other States, racommmended an amendment for that purpose, which amendment was in due l;me annexed to the constitution, it woald mark a reproachful inconsistency, and criminal degeneracy, if an indifference were shown to the most palpable violation ofone of the rights thus declared and secured and to the establishment ofa precedent, which may be fatal to the other. T.. That the good people of this commonwealth, having ever Jell and continuing to fell the most sincere affection for their brethren of the other States, the truest anxiety for establishing and perpetuating the nmon of all : and the most scrupulous fidelity to that Constitution, which is tbe. pledge of mutual friendship, and tha instrument of mutual liappineses, tbe General Assembly doth solemnly appeal to the like dispositions in othpr Slates in confidence that they will concur with this commonwealth ia declaring, aa it does hereby declare, that the acts aforesaid are un constitutional t and that the necessary and prop er measures will be taken by each, for co-opera ting with this State ur maintaining unimpaired, the authorities, rights and liberties reserved to tbe States respectively, or to the people. 8. That tbe Governor be desired to transmit a copy of the foregoing resolutions to tbe executive authority of the other States, with a request that tha same be communicated to the Legislature thereof; and that a copy be furnished to eaeh of tbe Senators and representatives, representing tbis State in the United States, From the Cincinnati Platform. Resolved, That tbe Democratic party will faith fully abide by and uphold the principles laid down in ihe Kentucky and Virginia resolutions of 1793, and in the report or Mr. Madison to the Virginia Legislature in 1799; that it adopts those principles as constituting one of the main foonsations of its political creed, and is resolved to carry them out in their obvious meaning and import. ' Xfhzt the Veter&a Crittenden layi. lion. John Ji Crittenden, of Kentucky, the fearless defender of tba Union, whose resolutions substantially are' embraced ia the. Ohio Demo, cralio platform, ia i speech at Colambus on tbe eve pf tbe State Convention very truly end justly remarked that in tba present war neither section is. free from blame. Mr. Crittenden further said . Now let ns remember that we have all been at fault, nd let as wage this war like men against erring brelhrsn wage It under: a sense of onr great daty to oar common country wage it for principle, not for malice. And then when it is ended, as it soon most be,, let as all stand togetk- sr like brethren, alike bound for the' great future thai awaits ns all. We must all purify our own hearts. 'Yea can't go proudly, on. vaantiDg; of your courage pnd your prowess, long solemn considerations, by ana ty, wui come la every man's hocieboUenjl.aUjwia b Uugbt bamaoi He bad aHcoaSdenceia the people asd 19 pop. alar Governments tst this -war, 'iu causer, aad the tnaaoer ia'wl.ich it bad been allowed to com- mehca and gros ccont as. farpisked the tacit vow deifol ; exapppia pt thed'vedstioB- ef Baticcai tateuect ever witnessed, , she mightiest war tie woil J had ever wrii 'arising, lor tLat men) taTgtt te k&Laciii to-'toiealioa.-''1 r ro ;-If bis resolulkma stdni m year wi Iai) aria. fr tdj beea ejppted t-berroj;!4 fcavebcea peace, ..Tbe people. bad Veen fsr. them but the tiliiitiaoi tra cct. C'l renusjlviBi woul" have gone largely Tor theo.1 dspiu ter poT.tici. ana and ba believed that Oilo would have done the laoa. . . EpeecJi ol Sexator Dorrlas .t Chicago ca lb Tint tt Utj ltZl. & a. Chairs ax .-I thank you for the kind terms ia wh'ah yoe have bees pleased td welcome me. 1 thank the eoaamktee and eitixeas of Chicago for this grand end imposing receptiea. . beg yoa to believe that I will not do you aor my. eelf iba injustice ta believe this ovation is personal homage to myself. I rejoice to know that it expresses year devotion to ihe Conslitetien, the Union end tke flag of our ooatry, (Cbevs) I will rot eoeeeal gratification at tke aaceatro-verUbht test this .'vast aadienee presents that what political differences or party questions may bava divided as, yet yoa all bad a coavietiea that when tbe country should be ia danger my loyalty coaVJ be relied 00. That tbe present danger is imminent, so man can eoeeeal. If war raost cone If the bayonet raost be ased tov aalataln the constitution I tan aay before Ood ray conscience is clean. I have straggled long for peace- ful solution ef the difficulty.- 1 have eot only tendered those States what was theirs of right, bat t have gone to tha very extreme of megoer-imity. The re tarn we receive is war, armies n arching upon onr Capitol, obstructions and dangers le oar navigation, letters of marque to Invite pi rates to prey a poo cor commerce, a concerted movement to blot oat tbff United States of Aaaer ica from tbe map of tha globe. Tha questioa is : Are we to maintain tha country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken down by those who, when they can no longer govern, tht eaten to destroy. ' - .- - What eeOM, what excel do disunioniste give os for bteaking up tbe best government which Heaven ever shed its rays? They are dissalia fied with tbe result ofa Presidential election. Did they never get beaten before? Are we to resort to the sword when wa ret defeated at' the ballot box 7 1 nndersUnd it that the voice of the people expressed in tha mode appointed by tke Constitution mast commend the obedience of every citizen. They assume, on the election of a particular candidate,' thattheirnghts are not safe in the Union. What evidence do they present of thia ? : I defy any man to show any act on wnicn it is causa, . oai ici tu twu 11 - J TTT t . 1 1 omitted to be dona 7 1 aDoeal to these assem Lied thousands, that so far as the eonstituiional r'g'its of the southern states, I will lay tka con slitwtional rights of slaveholders -are concerned. nothing has been done, and nothing omitted, f which they can complain. There sever has been a lime, from the day that Washington was inaugurated fir -it President of these United States, when the rights of the southern states stood firmer under tbe laws of the land than they do now, there never was a. time when tbey had not as good cause for disunion as they have to day. What good cause have they now that has not exiated under every administration? r - If they say the. territorial question now for the first time there is no act of Congress prohib. iting slavery anywhere. If it be the non enforcement of tha laws, the only complaints that I heard have .bean of the too vigorous and faithful fulfillment of the Fngitiva Slave Law. Then what reason lave they ? t - ' i The slavery questioa is a men' excuse. The election or Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present secession movement is tbe result of an er ormoaa conspiracy formed more than a year since formed by leaders ia the Southern Confederacy more than twolve months ago I - They ose tha slavery question as a means to accomplishment of their ends. They desired the election of a Northern candidate by av sectional vote in order to show that the two sections can oot Jive together. When the history of tha two years from the Lecompton Charter down to the If Ae Presidential election shall be written, it will be shown that the scheme was deliberately made to 1 r a't up ibis Union. Tbey desired a Northern Republicea to be elected by purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact as a reason why the sections may not longer exist together. If the Disunion candidate ia the late Presidential contest bad carried the united Sooth, t be! r scheme was, the North ern candidate successful, to seize tbe CepHol last Spring, and by an united South and divided North hold it. That scheme was defeated in the defeat in several of the Sob t hern States. But this is no time for a detail of causes. Tha conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raisea. war is levied to accomplish- it. I here are only two sides to the qeestion. ' Every man must be tor the United Mates or against it. lucre can be no neutrals fa this war, only pat-rots or traitors. Thank God, Illinois ie not divided oa this questioa. Cheers I know tbey expected to present a united South against a divided North. They hoped ia tbe Northern Slates, party ques tion a would bring civil war between Democrats and Republicans, whea the 8outh would step in with her cohorts, snd one party to conquer the other, and then make easy pray of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil war opt the North. - .- - . : . - There is bat one way to defeat this. In' Illi- noia ii u oeing so ueieaiea Dy closing up ineraiiKB-: Wh!U tw . 1 r L.. i'L.; fn.' .'v' a . , .t ' 1 1 1 any re as oa able sacrifice or compromise to main tain it. But when the auestiOA comes of war in the oot ton fields of tbe Sooth, or the corn fields of Illinois, I say the farther , off the beW tar, - ' . ' - Weeaaaot close oar. eves so tbe sad end sob emu fact war does exist. The Government mast be maintained, its enemies overthrown, and tbe more stupendous our preparations the less bloodshed, and tba shorter the struggle. But we mast remember certain restraints on oar actions even in time of war. We are a Christian people, and the war must be prosecuted ia a manner, recog- mzea py tnnsiian nations. We must not invade conHitntiouai ngb a. Tbe innocent mart not suffer, aor women aad children be the victims. - Savages mass oot be let Moose. Bat while I sanction ao war on tha rights of others I will implore my countrymen sot to 1st down their arms until onr owa rights are re cognized. Cheers. The constitution and its guarantees are oar birthright, aad I am ready to enforce that ioa lienable ngbt to the last extent. :4 We cannot reeogaize secession. . itecogntze it at once, and yoa bare not only dissolved covernuent, but yoa bava destroyed social order, upturned tba f oon- dalions ox society. vYw nave-Inau gar tcd civil anarchy ia its worst form, and will shortly expe rience all tie horrors of the French, revolution Then ws have a solemn duty to maintaia tbe government.' The greater, our , troanimity,"tbe speedier the day ofpeace. ' We hire prejudices 1 1 overcome from tba few abort xoontba since of 4 a fierce party contest. Yet these must ba al- laye I. Let xs lay asjd a all eri miaaiioe a aad r- enminat:oes a to the origin cf these jdiSeeitiea. Whea wef,al! bava taia 'a countrV,.vritb.tbe Uniled talcs ag Coaiing over' it, and respected o r every iach of Ataericaa f eilr H will tben ba time enacV: to ask, vrbe and what brought all tbfsopoa ia...ae. v ;oi:!K.2v' 1 lave said mora thaaX intended o sy.;Cner M" Go eaT "Jt is a sad" tak to discuss questions ao fearful a civih-warTUjt,ad i K bloody at rdTrStr-s rn i ,JB'.J. excresi it aswr Oiavistlosi bar Goa, taat y ss ir as wiy - - ,, . a'tyol ery iAxaaiC38rc!tixsB 4 1 j tb test! cc-'tk-i-;::: sis ;-:sck r-?a e a fart' -T-.cect ?z. iaiLsU reoi T lVpV r i ration. Lii it TC J s4; t t f 03 tavelsid 'ids party strife. Kl li Li a P yd POl-a- 1 Uai-ed, firm, determine! never to perait tke Go. cement to be deetrojuk . . irrolatiedrspvTsafe. rr TjJWmitvxa, Va,an,g.2l), The Coaventloas-day passeA ae.-ottix'ce creating a new State, reported tj tie setae. Committee aa Difieioa cfStaie ihiaaortlrT by a vote cf Co (9 n. . Tka boandxry ax zz includes tbe ooastiea of Legaa. Wyosalag,. Xla? efgb, Fayette, ICictclaa, YftW.cr, TUzJ;l Tucker, Preitoo, llaoongalia, Uaaoa, Caylor. Barlow, Upaber.nairisoaBi'axtoa, dsyIIacs, wha, Boone, Wayne, CatsTl, -Potnaax, !asoo Jackson, Roase, Calkonn VTirt, Corner, Illtcfcle, rtood, neasanU, Tyler, Ioddrdge, detail MarskalL, Ohio, Brooke, and llaaeock, A provisioa was Incorporated permitting ccs tela adjoining coaotiea to coma ia if iley aloaL desir Jy expression of a majority tf de se. Tie ordinance also presides for tke electioo of dale gates to a coBTsntwa to farm a vo&sthallaa iba tamo tiroe. The qaestsoa for a new Cure' or against a New Stale shall be submitted to the tion is to be held oa tke 24th olOctobev eext, The oame of tke new State is to be "Heaewke."' The utmost karmosy prevailed. :Tls Cos. vention' will adjourn to-morrow. Th(j fast Virginia regiment is ex peels 1 -lo.r tarn to-morrow. Great preparations bays btjj made to giT!ibsa a brilliant recg pttpn. . .. . Fight in Hitscari. - . ; Caixo, Asg. 21, t There was a- hauls last sight abosl telv o'clock at Charleston between tbe Federal farces, about two hundred and fifty tiroog, of the 224 IU linois regiment under command of Col, Doffghere ty accompanied by Lieu tenant Col. Eaaepa cf the 11th Illinois regiment, aad rebel Surctt ffti mated at between six and seven hundred, commanded by Col. Hunter of JeS'-Tbomroa'sari OT in wglcb, the federal forces were victorious, completely rooting tbe enemy, killing' forty and taking seventeen prisoners. Loss oa oar side one killed Wm. P. Sharp, Co. A. - '' .-- Among the wounded are : Col. - Doaghartyi i:tiT . t -i r? . . -. : shoulder, not serious 4 Cap t. Johnson, Co, Ai shot in leg , Deo. Q. Perry, slight wepnd i the arm. The wounded are all doing wsiL. - Cept. NoUman, with fifty moonted rnsn, lef Birds Point about 6 o'clock last evening tbx Charleston to join theijrees under Col. Doaghar. ty, failed to form a inaction with Co). TJoogherty, met n party oCrebels, about one hundred stroc' aad gave battle, killing two and - taking thirty three prisoners, and csptured tbirty-firt l:tff wipiout loss of a (nan. jfff, A Capital Story. Tha following is old enough and good .enough; to be strictly true. It js found in iho eewxpa pers, and is therefore entitled to implicit eoefi, deuce : - Editors, libit nlhtr K rarlt man. nntl(!rtt:S their ayes and ears open. : A good story is fto!4 of one who started a paper in Western town The town was infested by gamblers, wtcss pre eoee was a source of aaaoraece to tbe citizees. who told the editor if be did not come out against. tbem, they would not patronize his psper. Ha replied that be wocld give them a "smaller" cex.) day. Sure enough his next issue contained 4X1 promised "smasher," and oo the following tacra' ing the redoubtable editor, with scissors ia haul was seated ia bis sanctum cutting oat asws whea ia walked a large man with a club in til hje,d and demanded to know if tha editor saas in. ; "No, nr," was the reply," 'he baa ateped oot. Take a seat and read the papers be will retpr ia a miaate." . . Down sat the isjignant ma of cards, crossed bis legs, with bis club between. Ahem, and ectx menced readiegja paper. In the msantiose tht editor quietly raraosed dFA xtairs, ad as sb landing below be met anotber excited mas with a cudgel In bis hand who asked him if tbe eiitcy was in. - - '' " . ' ' -' r '' '' '' Tes, sir," TM tie prooipt response, "yoa 3 find bim seated ap stairs reading a sawtpapex.' 'The latter, on antcring the room, a furious oath commenced a' violent- assault xpon ha former, whieb was resisted with equal' ftrocity. tn. cv -,:, ,t . m,i U WM POStinned tSl they bad bokk xoii o the foot of the stairs, and bad pounded eacb. other to their heart's cob lent. : " : . ' Husxell'e Letter to the Lender TizLrx, Nw Yoxx Acr 19. . BusselTs letter to tbe London-Times sjs tho repulse of the Federals, decided as it was, taif b have bad no serious effects whatever teyoad the mere failure, wbicb politically,' waa of greater eonseqsencethan it wss in a military aenae. It) for the disgraceful conduct of tbe troops. : The retreat on their lines at Centreville seeps to ctst eaded id a cowardly rout and a miserable casfa. lesi pania" Soch seandalous behavior on lia part of soldiers I should bava coas'!arad tapes? sible, : f I hsva never even among camp followers see tbs like of it. If in tba present state of tbe trecr-i the -Confederates were .to msrek across tkePote mae above Washington) the Capitol might tJX ia 0 their hands. I'ay Ynight place tiat event ontof tbe range of probability, Tbe Itor sr.!) aodotb. revive from " tba sboci. Ul'Jierta six b is only said ro and fight for the Union. Tie Smk has exclaimed, let pi figkt for eer rV-ta. Tba UorUi must pat ter best men iuls tU LI or she win tperUably fail before the eoergyY t ; oal hatred xod tboseperiox CgUwj.powrTJ bar aotagoaist.-r . - . ; . .---i. . . - i; - mwn 77 " . - . - Jleadj ta Adyaaea ca v7ilrr3. .correspondsntof the Hemplis Arvs wri'rx, anderdeteef Richmond, Aug 6 I an i-f.rar ad by.a friepd from lIaaas8as,'wbo tt-t '.zt 1 j the city but a few, boure,' tbtt'eTerjiisrjijlB raaJinesa foreia ad vases crou .Vi'sr'timra. T! Z . - ..." ws - - - a w we reach that city, drive, tha enemy Crata He T-ay UonseaaJ ri?iir3era,captsraFprtl:r, --7, and ba in readine-s to 'march to Pl:'!; aboal4 it ba ccct ;sary to do to, t? r?7A :? tba wax vuisaHy ixei.ijrbaiIarwe:t,"tcrr-; is just sowT- c-' 'j;al v bat r?'frs$9.;'Vnr- t-i r"3 T ' litre 3 .e.rrjT JZ csraJ JLce, ce'. r: J tlihTtsvba,UI kfrir.ti-rrt I i3f?s. iejpregBsllst I't&tlz C ,C0?r.,"- t - J i.'lls Maaai. tlil rJat Val VeTtl t s Pt - ' - recced Tbermopylse-