Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1863-07-18

              ; ' , i ' i ' ' i ' " i ' . . 1 I 1 1 1 ' f 1 1 1 , i 1 , . ... 11 ' . . . . i " --" " . ; VOLUME XXVII. ? ' :i: K niUfSID ITHT I1TV191T KOUOfl BT .. I" H AKPEB. CSee in Woodward Blocks 3d Storj. TERMS. Two Dollars per tnnnn, prble in ad-Tanev $2.50 within six months; $3.00 after the expl yation of the jtu. ' be jBtmttntxt &muix Prospect of Starving the Rebels. Those who believe in the " starvation" policy with the rebels, are directed to a perusal of the following summary of the Southern crops, published in the late Richmond papers : The wheat crop, which is immense, is safely gathered. Flour has taken a lofty tumble. Wheat has been sold at $2 per bushel, and the highest price named is $2,50. It will not be sold to speculators, but to consumers and the Government. Should speculators get hold of any, the Government officers will take charge of it at once, and put a quietus to all such work. The prospect for corn is beyond belief. Many think it will not bring over twenty-five cents a bushel. Of sweet potatoes and peas a -very large crop has been planted. "Civil War in Belmont County 0. Republicans Firing on the Rational Flag! ; : '. On last Thursday the Democrats of Belmont County held their county nominating convention in St. Clairsville. An omnibus full of Democrats, returning from the convention, on their wp.y to Morristown, stopped in Loyds-TriHe. ";. ''; - Before the passengers had time to get ou some bully loyal leaguers, having prepared arms, rolled out a email gun on wheels, and fired it at the omnibus, over which the National flag was flying. Fortunately, the unskilled gunners did not hit any of the parties in the omnibus. The driver got down on the ground and was immediately shot through the left arm, the ball passing through his arm and " two coats, lodged in a silk hahdkerchief, fold-d in the breast coat pocket. The indignant ; Democrats determined to be avenged, but were, by the good council of Mr. Eaton, persuaded to appeal to the law, and save the county from civil war. . Thirteen loyal leaguers have been arrested and held to bail for arming assembling, and actually violating the peace and dignity of tte State of Ohio, and firing upon our National Flag. This is only one of the troubles originating from armed secret order leagues in our State. ' - ln every State the Democracy are making the Vallandigham case their own. A promi. rent Democratic speaker in Michigan, whose peech was reported lately in the Detroit Free JPress, said: " I would like to speak of the exile of. the Democratic candidate for Governor of Ohio, a constitutional Union man, for nothing but speaking his opinions openly to an assembly of his fellow-citizen8r as I have spoken to you. He never uttered one word against the Constitution or the Union. tie only canvaeeed' the measures of this Administration fieely, and with an ability vrhich made the fanatics squirm. Mr. Brough, the Abolitiou candidate for Governorof thesameState, said in a speech, a few; days since, these words : ' I spurn the "Crittenden resolution ; and 1 never desire to - eee peace restored with the practical power of the institution (slavery) reinstated.' That is Mr. Brough, that rejects the Constitution, yet he is not arrested and exiled. Suppose Mr, ?VaIIandighara is elected Governor of Ohio, will he be permitted to return ; or suppose he is not, will the hundreds of thousan ds of freemen who. vote for him rest easy ? f?uppoee he returns, without the gracious permission .oi the Presideut, will he he "again arrested ; and .if he is, what then ? We shall see:" ,What We Captured with Vicksburg, Dispatches' dated Vicksburg Court House, July 4. sum ut the results of the caDtnre of that place as follows : Priaoneri...r............,....M.................2T,000 Field piew.... .......... 102 Siege guns... SO Small anm.................... .......... ....50, 000 Stand of colors 87 L.ieutenant-Goneral8..... ...... ...... i.'......... 1 Mjor-Geaeral8............ 4 Brigadier-Generala.... ....... 14 . Colonl............M.M..,..w..M 130. Of the enlisted men taken only 15,000 were fit for duty. There were in hospital 5,000.- , The snpply of provisions was almost exhausted, and of ammunition for small arms there was very little on hand. Several locomotives and cars,- also, fell into our hands. The city was much damaged, scarcely a house having escaped. 0 Still Another! Two years ago, Judge Kankin, of Columbus, was'on the Tod ticket for Representative. He is now a supporter of Vallandigham and the whole Democratic ticket. He was . a strong friend of a " War for the Union," but scorns a party that has nominated for Governor a mau who has declared himself in favor of keeping up the war until slavery is wiped out. - Hamilton County Enrollment. The enrollment for the State. Militia has been completed in Hamilton county, and the returns forwarded to Columbus. The white male inhabitants, between the ages of 18 and 45, in Hamilton countj, number 41,403. ---.Vol- .vnteera gone from the. "county 20,327. .The enrolled in Cincinnati number 32,292; the vol-nn teera 15,783. .In the townships 9,201 ' enrolled, and 484 rolnn teera. '-icT-?"ii'Ppatiftl:i:'. i& . ilea Vallandigham, in the : speech ha delivered at Newark, ; New J ersey, : last r Febjfcayy : in , epeaking'of the rebels, said i.-Zu-' fr "If they invade us, we till write for "Ihem precisely the history they hava - beenr writing for n. for ftejast few -months- The iaml . - Vallev will ha. t . V nr rT:Ti. ; K.i? jL k kuttt :of wnicnit is not nMM.. A . the pictore will u7Z. um "'J of the Frett ThB Voice vtf ' s ' ' : Former Day. - Francis P. Blarr, the father of the present Poet-Master General. , spoke a follows in a powerful editorial article in the Washington Globe, when he was ita editor, in the days of Jackson's administration. Hear it : "Under no possible emergency, not even in civil tnsurrectum, or amid the Ihroet of ctvtl oar, can this government justify official interference with the freedom qf speech, or of the press, anymore than it can with, the freedom of the bal lot. The licentiousness of the tongue and of the pen is a minor evil compared with the licentiousness of arbitrary power''. The following is an extract from a eulogy delivered on the occasion of the death of Gen. Andrew Jackson, at Washington City, June 27, 1845, by Geo. Bancroft, who was then Secretary of the Navy of the UnitedStates.--Speakrag of the protective system, the nullifi cation of South Carolina, Ac., he savs : "The moral of, the Great events of those days is this: That the people can. discern rieht and will make their way to a knowledge of right ;' that the whole human mind, and there- tore with it the mind of the nation, has a continuous, ever-improving existence ; that the appeal from the unjust legislation of to-dav, must be made quietly, earnestly, perseTering-ly, to the more enlightened collective reason of to-morrow ; that submission is due to the popular will, in the confidence that the people, when in the error, will amend their doings; that in a popular government injustice is neither to be established by force ; in a word that the Union which was constituted by consent, must be preserved by love." On the same occasion, at Baltimore, July 1, 1845, Gen. Benj. C. Howard said: "Popular governments are essentially pacific, end we may trace the continuance of peace for the last thirty years in Europe, more to the influence whicu popular rights and principles have acquired, than to any other cause." On the same occasion, at Boston, Mass., July 9, 1845, Hon. Pliny Merrick said: ""- "It is in the very nature of free institutions that the operations of government should be watched with the eye of a keen and jealous vigilance ; and much may be pardoned to the spirit ofliberty, if that watchfulness, in its generous ardor sometimes aggravates itself into a seemingly harsh and vindictive resistance. "It is the privilege of perpetual watchfulness this unrestricted right of questioning the exercise of power and authority with a stern and unequivocal independence, which constitutes and establishes the freedom of a people united in the bonds of a political organization. ' '- "Laws constitutionally enacted he Jackson held, like the great charter itself, to be superior and unquestionable; and he felt bound at once to obey, and coerce the obedience of others to their requisitions. ThevreD- Lresented in his mind, the will of the people, ir Inch he regarded tt& the great sovereignity from which only could emanate any just human au-thoritv: and. identified with the.ni in cr 1 1 ib "ii n 1 11 1 Bt h an .ct!otis"Dfin3.iiIer-standing to oppose Ihelawfully expressed man- ifestations of their will. "The supremacy of the. law was,- therefore with him an inborn, ingrained, indwelHng principle." The speaker to prove his assertions, alluded to the fine of a thousand dollars which Judge Hall assessed, and which he paid, and continued, alluding to the expected war with France: "It was then that an eloquent opponent of his administration, now returning with distinguished honor from a foreign embassy, said on the floor of Congress: 'Sir, if the President will so temper his policy as to carry this country honorably through this controversy without a war he will draw upon his head the blessings of men whose voices have never mingled with the incense of his flatterers; and his name in the eyes of all mankind will appear fairer and brighter than when he came out from the blazing 'lines of New Orleans, in all the freshness ot his victory and its honors.' "The war was averted, and-the honor of the country was preserved wit hont a stain or a spot on its shield. But the Republic may re ceive deeper wounds than foreign foes can inflict with all their armaments. - "But the warfare of intestine fends and o-mestic convulsions is an unmitigated evil ; its corruptions canker the heart arid consume the vitals of the community ; and it must Le suppressed or its end inevitably is national dissolution, with all the miseries of private calamity and public dishonor. ; On the same occasion, at Petersburg, Va., Hon. Hugh A, Garland, in an eulogy, deliv ered July 12, 1845, said: "This is a free country, where thoughts and words to utter them, are like the air we breath. A ndrevo Jackson would be the last man to sup press freedom qf optnum. lhe -indignant boy remonstrated with the minions of a tyrant, and the hero, who, in mature life, hurled consternation and destruction on the presumptu ous invaders of a land of freemen, would be the last man to suppress the free utterance of thoughts that might condemn even his acts as oppressive and tyrranical. . Man lives and is governed by love." Abe Lincoln's Last Letter A Literary ana rouucai ironosuy. xaccTira Massiow, Washiwgtow, May 27, 1863. J General J. M. Schofield : ; Dkas Sia : Having removed General Cur tis and assigned yon to the command of the Department of the Missouri, I think it may be of some advantage for me to state to you why. I did it. I did not - relieve General : Cur tis because of my fall conviction that : he k ad done wrong by commission or omission.- 1 did it becaise of a conviction in- my mind that the Union ' men of Missouri, constitatiBg, when united a vast majority of the whole people, have entered into a pestilent quarrel among themselves. General Curtis, perhaps not of the choice; being " the - head : of -one -faction, ' and Governor Gamble ? that of' the other;' After monthe of labor to reconcile th difficulty it seemed to grow worse and worse, -until 1 felt it my duty to break it ap- somehow,' and aa I couki not removaGoTemor Gamble, I had to remove Gen. Curtis. Now ihat yoa are ia the position, I wish yon tooado nothing merely because General Curtis OT' Gorernor Gamble did it ; eat to exercise your own judgment and do right for the public interest,'. Let your military measures be strong enough-to repel the invaders and keep the peace, and not so strong as to unnecessarily harass andperas-cute-the people. '- It is a difScnltfW&, aad so much greater will t tie honor If you iper form' it -well. ' If both 'tactions or a ilher, shall abuse yottj roa will probably be aboat right.: Beware of beinx assailed by one aird praised by -th others ' v.i 'Mfcft? Yours, truly, A LINCOLN. - Ireedon ' ' WritU for tXs Mom VWiioe "Beumsr , LETTERS TO THE PEOPLE. i ; NUMBER SEVEN. r The Jeffersonian Era Liberal and Patriotic Sentiments, Worthy of TJniTer- ... sal Acceptance Democracy and ;Lib- erty Synonymous.?' The Year of Jrxbi-lee for Writert and Speakers I -r The instances of official oppression and ty-ranical usurpation given in oar' former papers convey to the reader in the present times some idea of the efforts made in the -early days of Our own history to suppress freedom of speech and liberty of the press. . Other n instances of arbitrary exercise of power " we may have occasion to refer to hereafter very many cases there are 'which will attract the attention of the inquiring mind aud afford much food for reflection. "; . " :'' ' ' ','V After the long night of tyranny the day of freedom was ushered in by the election of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency, who, in hia Inaugural Address, March 4th, 1801, pro- claiaoed the principles of Liberty and republicanism. The same spirit that drafted the Declaration of American Independence anij mated its author in forming that Address, and in administering : the government for - eight years to the great satisfaction of the people. Having passed through a most heated aud violent political campaign, this, man discarded all illiberal and narrow views, and strove to urite the citizens as one family, in pursuit of common interest. . Keasoning like a philosopher, as he was, he declares, that the will of the majority to be rightful, must be bxasow-able ; that the minority possess their Sqttai. rights, which equal laws mnst protect, and to violate would be oppression." " Let us, then, fellow-citizens,' unite with one heart and' one mind ; let us restore to our social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect, that having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little, if we countenance a political intolerance as depot ic, as wicked, and capable of as bloody persecutions.During the throes and convulsions of the ancient world ; during the agonizing spasms of infuriated man, seeking through blood and slaughter his long lost liberty, it was pot wonderful that the agitation of the billows should reach this distant and peaceful shore; that this should be more feared and felt by some, and less by others, and should divide opinion as to measures of safety ; but every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brothers of the same principle. We are all Republicans : we ra "'Lc A'"''"'t'-1 J OlIgBegiTvaQiojg ns wno would wisrf to dissolve this Union, ori-OT0 change its Republican form, let them stand, undisturbed, as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated, where reason is left free to combat it. In this admirable paper the Statesman and Sage of Monticello, proclaims what he deems 'the essential principles of our r Government, and consequently those which ought to shape its administration.' Prominent among these principles are the following, worthy of universal acceptance and specially deserving of notice in these times : " Equal and exact justice to all men, of . . .. ? ' wiiatever staie or persuasion, religious or political ; peace, commerce and friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the State Governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrution qf our domestic concerns, and the surest bulwarks against anti-republican tendencies ; the preservation of the General Government in its whole Constitutional vigor, &b the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad ; a jealous care ofi Ute right of election by the people, a mud and safe corrective of the abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution, where : peaceable remedies are unprovided ; thk supremacy or THE CIVIL OVER THE . MILITARY" AUTHORITY, economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burdened ; the diffusion of iuformation, and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of public reason ; freedom or religion, rREEDox or the press, freedom or person, under the protection of the habeas corpus ; the trial by juries impartially selected. , These principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us, and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our sages and the blood of our heroes have been devoted to theif attainment. They should be the creed of ouf political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touch stone by which to try the services of those we trust ; and should we wander trom them in moments of error or alarm,' let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty and safety.!. ;. .yx - . . . ' :'. ' ' Such eminently patriotic sentiments are de servingof perpetual remembrance they should be set like ".apples of gold in pictures of silver." In these dismal, dreary, gloomy, depressing disastrous days of 1863, - the people should commit to memory these sublime sentiments of the great apostle of Liberty the Father of Democracy, and should endeavor to perpetuate them. .'. . ....'.,; . . I : ; "There are 0me feelings tisas eannot benmnly-i ) Kor tortnre shske." . . i Immediate upon Mr.'. J efferson V- accession to the .Presidency, he turned his 'attention tc the numerous cases of arrest and, imprisonment which had occnrredVander the "administration of his predecessor Vhwhe;con'vlcfa' were etill suffering imprisonment he exercised the pardoning power and caused the bolts and bars of the doors to be withdrawn so that they conld once again' walk; erect as freetriep,- By costrast with the cour JohnV Adams, hie owa has eTer since ;ehowt most irightly in the coantry's history; j The name of Jeffer-son is doubly endeared to the hearted Amer kaas. JL11 honor eTermore to hia? iUnatrions jmemoryl:-; pjr-i Ei:&i"ioiinufc ' CriffoTTiiacenocfaiiyContea i yy-)i-' T&tux&Jhiy kl i'y. The Democratic Btate' Convention - nomma- ted 'Ei-GoT.' Downie for Governor : atfd adotv 4ed'Aa'tlatfernt similar to that'of fh Sev- moor pemocraU vf the State of New York. f- JCO" Paroled presoners say- that Leaf cap tared c our troops at Vreuystmrg. IWAUGUItAlV ADEaES3 THOMAS President of the : United States at his fint Term of Oflce Ilawh 4, X861(. Friends and Fellow; QUizeiui; .y'f :' f..':: ' Called upon to undertake the; duties of the first execntive office of our., country, I avail myself of thei presence of that -portion of Jny fellow citizens which are beret assembled, to express toy grateful thanks forkhe favor with which they nave been pleased look towards roe, to declare a sincere consciousness that the task is "above my talents, and that I approach it with those anxious and awful presentiments which the greatness of . the charge and. the weakness-: of my powers so justly- inspire. .-. A rising nation,7 spread over a wide and 'fruitful land; traversing all the seas with the rich productions of their industry ; engaged in commerce with nations who feel power and forget right ; advancing rapidly to destinies beyond the reach of . mortal eye-r-whee I contemplate these transcendent objects, anJ see the honor, the happiness, and the hopes ef this beloved country committed to the issue and the auspices of this day, I shrink from the contemplation, and humble myself before the magnitude of the undertaking. - Utterly," indeed, should I despair, did not the presence of many whom I here see remind me that in the other high authorities provided by pur Constitution I shall find resources Of wisdom, of virtue, and of zeal, on which 10 rely under all difficulties. To you, thett, gentlemen, who are charged with the -sovereign - functions of legislation, and to those associated with you. I look with encouragement for that guidance and support which may enable us to steer with safety the vessel in which we are all embarked, amidst the conflicting elements of a troubled world. . . h- During the contest of opinion though which we have passed, the animation of discussions, and of exertions bas sometimes worn an aspect which might impose on strangers, unused to think freely, and to speak' and to write what they think ; but, this being now dicided by the voice of the nation, announced, according to the rules of the Constitution, all wilL of course, arrange themselves! under .the will, of the law, and unite in common efforts for toe common good. All, toojwwl bear in mind this Barred principle, that, tlfough the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will, to be rightful, must be reasonable ; that the minority possess their equal rights, ' which equal laws must protect, and-to violate would be oppression. Let us, then, fellow citizens, unite with one heart and one mind ; let us restore to social intercourse that' harmony and affection without which liberty and even - life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect, that, having banished from our land that religious intolerancenftoder which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained Jtt-tle, if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked,- and capable Of as bitter and bloody persecutions. During the throes and convulsions of tlj ancient world; during ; the: agonising - spasms of infuriated f Pi lPZ rfl"g".-l'n" siaHgbter, his ong lost liberty, it was not wonderful that the agitation of the billows should reach even this distant and 'peaceful shore ; that this should be more felt and feared by some, and less by others, and should divine opinions as no measures of safety ; bat to every difference of opin ion is not a difference of principle We - have called by different names brothers of the same principle. We are all republicans ; we are all federalists. If there be any among us who wish to dissolve this Union, or to change its republican form, let them stand, undisturbed, as monuments of the safety with which error qf opinion may be tolerated, where reason is left Jree to combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a republican government cannot be strong that this Government is not strong enough. But would the honest patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment, abandon a Government which has so far kept ns free and firm, on the theoretic and visionary fear that this Government, the world's best hope, may by possibility, want energy to preserve itself ? I trust not. I believe this, on the contrary, the strongest Government on earth. I believe it the only one where every man, at the call of the law, would fly to the standard of the law, and would meet invasions of the public order as his own personal concern. Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted with the government of himself. Can he then be trusted with the government of others ?r Or have we found angels, in the form of kings to govern him ? Let history answer this question. Let us, then, with courage and confidence, pursue our own federal and republican principles our attachment to union and representative Government. Kindly separated by nature and a wide ocean from the exterminating havoc of one quarter of the globe ; too high minded to endure the degradation of the oth-others; : possessing a chosen country, with room enough for bur descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation ; entertain ing a due sense of our equal right to' the use of our own faculties, to . the acquisitions of onr own industrv, to honor and confidence from our fellow citizens, resulting, not from birth, bnt from onr actions, and their sense of them; enlightened by a benign religion," professed, indeed, and practiced,' in various forme, yet all of them inculcating honesty, truth, temperance, gratitude, and (be love of man; acknowledging and adoring an overruling Providence, which, by all its dispensations, proves that it delights in the happiness of men here, and .bis greater happiness' hereafter -with all these blessings, what more is necessary to make rui a : happy and prosperous people T Still one thing more, fellow citizens : a-wise and frugal Government which shall restrain men" from 'injuring one another; shall leave- there . otherwise free : to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, "and shall not take, from , the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. ! , This is the sum of good " government, and ' this is necessary io closeithe circle ot'dur felicities. r About to enter, fellow citizens. Jon the exer cise of duties 'which', comprehend everything a ear ana.yiuuauie r w, juu, n f ia. proper, you should understand what I deem' the essential principles of bur government, and, conseqnent-Jt those which ought to'shape its administration, I will .compress them within -the:i narrowest compass they .will bearstating the general principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and exact justice to all men, of whair eer state or persuasion', religions or political peace, commerce and honest friendship' with all nations entangling , alliances 'with none ; the support of lhe.;State government 'in all their nghta, as the most competent 'administrations for our ' domestic concerns; Land the surest bulwarks against an ti-repubJican tendencies j the preservation; of the General, Gotr eroment in Jta' whole constitutional yigoras the' sheet-anchbrof onr peace-at homeland safety abroad ;f a Jealous care of the right of electien. by people ;: m,Hd and safe correct ive; pf abuses wbicn. are lopped by. the e word pt revolation,,rwherei peaceable -rem'edW are onprovided ; absolute acquiescence ia the'dV eiewns of the majority, ibe Vital principle of republics, from which w no appeal bat Xoforce, the vital principle ar d immediate -parent ; of despotism ; a well disciplined militia, our best reliance ia peace, and lor the first moments of war, till regulars may relieve them f ' the supremacy of the civil over the' military authority ; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burdened ; the honest payment of our d bts, and sacred preservation of the public faith ; encouragement otagriculture, and of commerce as ita'handmaid ; the diffusion of information, and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of. public reason ; freedom of person, under the protection of the habeas corpus i and trial ' by juries im part ialry' selected. Th ese principles from the bright constellation which has . gone before t nsr- and guided 'our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The. wisdom of our sages and the blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attachment. They should be the creed of our political faith, the text ofcivic instruction, the touch Btone by which to try the services of those we trust ; and should we wander from them in moments or error or alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps, and regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty and safety, . , : : . . I repair, then, fellow citizens, . to the po?t you, have assigned me. With experience enough in subordinate offices to have seen the difficulties of this,' the greatest of all, I have learnt to expect that it will rarely fail to the lot of imperfect man to retire from this station with the reputation ' and the favor, which brought him into it. Without pretentions to that nigh confidence you respond in our first and greatest revolutionary character, whose pre-eminent services had entitled him to the first place in his country's love, and. destined for him the fairest page in the volume of faithful history, I ask so much confidence only as may give firmness and effect to the legal administration of your affairs. T shall often go wrong, through defect of judgment. When right, I shall often be thought wrong by those whose positions will not command a view of the whole ground. I ask your indulgence for my own errors, which will never be intentional ; and your support against the errors of others, who may condemn what they would not if seen in all its parts. The approbation implied by your suffrage is a great consolatipn to rae for the past ; and ray future solicitute will be, to retain the good opinion : of - those -who have bestowed it in advance, to conciliate that of others by doing them all the good in my power, and to be instrumental to the happiness and freedom of all. ' ; Relying, ' then,- on the patronage of your gool .will, 1 advance with , obedience; to the work, ready to. retire from it whenever yon become sensible how much better choices it is in your power to make. And may that Infinite power which rules the destines of the universe, lead our council? to what is best, and give them a favorable issue , for, your peace aud prosperity. . speech: - '. or; , . . . -, GEO. II. PEXDLET0X, OF OHIO, - Before thft Young Hen's Democratic As- soeiauoxrof Hew Yorfc, at the Academy of Mnsic, Jnly 4,1863. It is said that one - of the Italian peasants who visited Rome in the days of her imperial splendor, hastened away to his mountain home dismayed at his dwarfed proportions in comparison with the magnitude and'magnificence of all around him. I can to-day participate in his feeling; and I Bhould not have ventured to address you, except that I had heard you intended to-day to give a practical exemplification that all American" citizens have' equal political rights, and that you intended here to-day, under the protecting shadow of the sovereignty of yoor great State, in the presence of your worthy Governor to vindicate anew the rights of free speech, ' It has been said that the character of a nation may be read in its ballads. I would say, in these more prosaic times, that the surer tests is to be found in the days of its great national celebration. We have been told that in New England homes they gather up the memory of pleasures that are past upon Thanksgiving Xay. We in the West do honor to the birthday of Washington,; and celebrate the achievements of the great hero and patriot;" Andrew Jackson. This day alone this Fourth of July is the only day in - our history of national celebrations, - We celebrate this day primarily, because it was the first step in our separate national existence, but I think we celebrate it chiefly , because the pro gress of thought has vindicated the wisdom of .l.a i : a j : -1 i a revolution inni. cuuuhihvcu iu vuc uuupuuu of our Constitution. You are familiar with the history of that struggle. It . teaches lessons which we might well apply to-day. The antagonism of war produced the cohesion of the; colonies. When that antagomism was removed the cohesion was diminished, and they were falling into entire decay, when - the sovereign States met together in convention to adopt a, system of government which, while it should answer for national purposes in the fami.y of nations, yet should not- disturb the work which was committed to tre States themselves seeing to it that' every one of their citizens should enjoy the blessings of life, liberty and property, of which we could not: be deprived without due process of law. (Applause.) They came together, and their wisdom evolved the Constitution which made the Union; but their prudence led-them to declare. in that same constitution the ngbts wnicn were reserved to the States and the people. They made the declaration which secured the adoption of the : Constitution by the 'States,: that no man should be deprived of life, liberty and property - without due process of law. The committee who have had charge of this celebration have appreciated the value of this idea.: These 'guarantees are essential to the existence of free government. :i There can be no free government without free election; there can be-no-free election without deliberation ; there can be no deliberation without discussion; there -can -be no' - discussion i without" free speech ; there can be nofree speech if prison bars and banishment are the rewards. (Great applause. 'But we are told in these days that order to preserve the life of the Union. -They constitute its existence ) they mark its identt-tr Destrbythem,' and you -destroy the na-tional kfe. Yon. might' as - well talk of pre, serving he life of a man by bowing- down his' uprigbtirame, taking frot him -ail that separatee bim from the brute.. -Yon might aa well talk of preserving the life of a strong, -wise, joyous and hopeful mas when yon. reduce; him to' a maniac or: pbberinig idiot,- J -speak warmly upon this subject, my fellow-citizens, because I .feel deeply. ,. 1 have seen the. practical operation of the system which is now baring taught in case of & man. in, my owa State whom we Al.knew--a Bian whom we believe to be tpatriotic. whom we know -toThave devo ted his energies-to the preseryationof the Constitution" ear it.isV and whose besT hopes are garnered in' th restoration of the Union as it was tnaa whom we intend' (if deserved eue-tfess will accomplish - it)- to place hi' the came rank beside your honored Governor. (Great applause). ,W-have seen him carried from his home at midnight, subjected to a mUitary court-martial, sent into exile after a mock tri al and I am here to-day, one of the ambassa dors of the Democracy of' Ohio, accredited to Abraham Lincoln with this message to fulfill the demands and guarantees of the Constitution , and restore her citizen to his home (great applause and cheers for Vallandigham) and fresh from the performance of our hum ble duty witn wmcn we were charged, I nave to say to you to-day that if the doctrines which are promulgated in high , places, and which are: stoutly asserted : and defended by those whose hands are upon the hilt of the drawn sword are to become the rule of this country, there will be no longer first to be settled - the question of peace or war, but the question whether you have a government and whether you are freemen. (Wtes oi "tnat s it," nd applause. We are told that the destruction of these constitutional guarantees and these securities of personal rights are essential to the prosecution of the war. Is this true f The history oi the war of 1812 and the Mexi can war deny it. If it be true that the destruction of these guarantees and the abridgement of the personal rights of the citizen are essential to a vigorous arid successful prosecution of the war, then I say here, that the war ought instantly to be stopped. (Tremendous cheering.) , We were told at the time of the inauguration of President Lincoln that there could be no war ; that it was not in the contemplation of the Southern States to make it, or in the classic language already quoted of his Excellency, " that nobody was hurt," (laughter, and applause,) and we had, too, the brutal doctrine proclaimed by a Western Senator, that " without a little blood-letting the Union would not be worth a curse." What is that Union, my fellow-citizens ? A confederation of sovereign States,, which came to gether for the purpose of establishing that which should nave a representative among the families of the earth, . and : to reserve to themselves all the power over and care of the liberties of their own people, (applause ;) a Union of separate and independent parts. Perfect, sovereign and independent they came together and delegated powers for certain pur poses, and bound up by. the great force thus delegated, they make one people. ( Separate them, and you wiu find that each btate, re suming the indestructible powers which it has delegated, will pretent that which is a perfect sovereignty, capable of taking care of its people, capable of protecting the rights of its people, and capable of doing that which a good and jnst government, founded upon consent, can do ; capable of renewing or reconstructing, or, if necessary, making an entirely new Union. (Applause.) But, my fellow-citizens, why should we not now have the benefit of the united whole, the united power of all these States . to settle this great question ofreconstruction-f (Applause.) .Why. should they not meet together in convention, as they origi-nally met, and again lay the foundations of a government as near like the old as possible? I 8 peak not to men to whom my voice cannot Eenetrate, because there is a wall of bristling ayonets between us and them. I speak now to our own section. Why may not this be done? All these gentlemen in power will tell us that they cannot compromise with rebels with arms ia their hands. Noscompromise ! Why, gentlemen, compromise is the first law of combination- I was going to say the first law of nature itself. : It is the law of society. of government; partners in business com pre mise; church societies compromise ; literary institutions . compromise; political organiza tions compromise; a husband compromises with his wife ; (laughter ;) the father compro mises with his disobedient child ; kings compromise with each other j kings , compromise with their subjects, or generally" lose them.- (Laughter.) And if there is truth in . the teaching of our holy religion, God Almighty compromised with man when tie accepted in our stead the atonement of . His Son. . (Ap plause.) 1 his government of ours is founded Ou a compromise. : When the- convention sat at Philadelphia three times, they were at. the point of giving up their work, and three times Washington, Madison and franklin were heard begging them not to dissolve until they dissolve until they had compromised. They did compromise and the result of that Com promise was the Constitution they made and Union which that Constitution formed, (hry- plause.) I participate in the feelings of hope that have been alluded - to by the gentlemen who nave preceded me. 1 believe that hope is well founded, and I will tell you how alone the desired result can be brought about and that is, by adhering to the com promises which our fathers made adhering to the Constitution and the Union also, as the ark of our safety. Adhere rigidly to these compromises. Here, in the great city of New York, is thevery cen tre in which public opinion w created." Here is the centre from which combined action goes forth. I appeal to you, therefore, to do your duty by these compromises of the Constitu tion and the Union. I believe that if we ad here to these compacts and compromises of the Constitution, and in which we are passing under the shadow or the dark valley, as well as in the brightness of midday prosperity, in God's good, time peace shall again be in God's good . time peace shall again be restored, wounds shall be healed, widows weeds shall be laid aside, orphans tears shall be dried, and new-made graves shall be green ; and then I believe that from this vast country our whole people will join in fraternal tncord in singing the anthem which has never been equaled since, on the Judean plains, on the natal morn of the great Messiah, the angels announced his coming "Glory, to God in the highest; on earth peace and good will toward men." . ' . . l'':': The Hon. Clement LV Vallandigham. This -distinguished exile is now on his way from Nassau, N.V P ' to Canada. It is hoi yet certain whether he will' take up his sum mer" residence in ; the City of New York; or proceed to Chatham, a small Canadian town opposite Detroit, where he ' could see his friends every day,., issue his - mandates, and direct the gubernatorial canvass with energy and vigor. He'would no i doubt receive a splendid ovation in'New York, ' where no provost marshal would venture to tuch a hair of his head, and where the, civil .tribunals are not yet snhjeet-Jto the-military but hm may prefer to be nearer horoe -:,r .T - r- i ; - Mr." Lincoln must feel .very ' much relieved by this-unexpected Tetura of his victim, as he can now- write to the Hon Erasius Com in g that, enable to undo the past,-he is resolved tiereaiter tot respect the laws of the country, and thos9 especially which he li iaisel has approved... Mr. Vajlandigham will be the next Governor of Ohio, no matter what the administration candidate," MrrBrough ; (a renegade citizen of Indiana) mar sat or do. After Mr. Vallandigham shall be7 elected Chief Magis trate ef the State, ' Mr. Lincofn will be com pelled to Tecognize-him.If the .President were wise, ewouldgrant '-him A-a7iw 'eon-ductus, tad invite him to retura K-' Dayton. let bun -aeuie witlrilr. VaJland.ghanf before the manifxide of the account excecls 'the Prestdeniial meana of liquidating i.Phiiodcl- phut Aye. z The President's Ileply to the Ohio Val - : lanfTighan '.DepntationThe. ' Senti-" menta of the Pressv - r --, The press of the country is. perfectly ecath-" ing in its 'comments upon the astonishing letter of the President to the Vallandigham dep; - ' utation. It is so attrociojas ; in its character so unbecoming and unworthy of an American Chief Magistrate, that n6 language is too de nunciatory to characterize it aright. , It will be read with burning indignation, not only by the Democracy, but by all right-thinking men. Never before was the country so disgraced by a manifesto issuing from the White House. As a specimen of the comments of the press. read the following from the New York LkoJy . New. t That journal says : '- : . . '-: "ihi coaxxaroxDzircx or thi i raxsiszvr yrirn thk ohio coxkittxk. - .... : Oa the 26th of June last the Committee of r u r , -? . . uuc iroui ouu vonKrewiUDU ; vuuiCk OI lue . State of Ohio waited upon Mr. .Lincoln, - and, - ,-in the nameof the great Convention which bad v been held at Columbus a fortnight before, call- " ed upon the President and "respectfully asked" not as suppliants seeking a favor, but. in. th name of the . majority of, the inhabitants oi t .. their Stale, as a right due to an American cit- J izen, in whose personal injury the sovereignity V " and dignitv'of a free State had been nffnAA - .- that th e 'revocation of th e order of ban ish m en t' , of the great champion of free speech might ai once be issued. The Committee triumphant-" Iy vindicated the innocence of Mr. ValUndT- fuaiu gu every poim oi accosaiion tnat Aaa oeen trum pea up against mm Dy me luegal Court that had condemned him, and swept-away, with incontrovertable arguments and unequalled cogency of reasoning, the sophisms with which the President himself, in his letter-to Erastus Corning and his colleagues, had - power by which he had been exiled. ' v. ' ed the reply of the President, which, together with the entire correspondence between him self and those patriotic gentlemen, is publish- .u wvmiw pvinvii vi iuio ujiruiu a paper. Outrageous as was his letter to the Albany. Committee, this document of Mr. Xincola V far surpasses it in ; arrogance and insolence,' that ever was laid before the eyes of the Am-' erican people. - After referring to his . comma-: nication to the meeting of which Mr. Corning- . was nairman as an ail sumcient reply to every argument that can be alleged against hi'-usurpations, he engages in a prolix discussion - to show that the suspension of the habeas cor-' : i: also of all the rights and privileges of mdivid-' tials guaranteed by the Constitution, and that . 1. - . 7 . . T . 1 1 I 11 1 i . ' wc uvusuiuiiuu vifiu&uy BUUUSUC8 limu III time of war! . He replies affirmatively to the' ! question of the Committee, 'whether be really claims that he may override' all law, when; he chooses to say the public safely requires it,-and in virtue of his position as Commander in chief of .the Army and navy, claims that he is 'the man' who holds all 'power and bears alt responsibility He does not deny that he may at some future period, beheld to account if he 'uses tli at power unjustly ; but," as the Com--mittee justly say in their rejoinder! what is, to prevent his 'suspending or limiting the elec-V live franchise, and declaring the perpetuity of hie fiirrK riFarvMreflea'' A KaIi'Iiaa !unala 1 "'" ready say that the millions of slaves they purpose emancipating will make'excellent voters,; and secure to their party all the power" they ' wish to yield for half a century to cornel . , "Mr. Lincoln hot only makes himself res-" ponsible for Mr. Vallandigham's arrest, bol' for the incarceration of all others.- w bo hare x i. - i : t- ?ir. -i . v ' country. - AH the arrests,' he saya including; . that of Mr. Vallandigham have ' been made tor prevenuon, ssanoi ior punisnmenc r or this reason he regards the question of Mr; Val-' : landigham's guilt or innocence as a minor matter. He in fact intimates that Mr.a Vallandigham was innocent of the charges made': (Tsinut him bnt h hfMmrtm thAt.-- tli nffivi on others' of his 'speeches in and out of. Con- . was bad ; and he accuses the Committee of being just as bad as he is, because the Cdnven tion thev renresent have made him their can didate for Governor and thus indorsed the priri ciple of 'opposition to an army to suppress' re- ; T bellion 1' Jle tells them, however, that if theyj . will sacrifice conscience and conviction, re pa-" ; uisie iiieu- political anteceaents, tram pie upon the faith -o Madison, Jefierson and Jackson,' "; anil eivn l w aak a t n w tw iWnaa !nfa. ' mous propositions which we published a WeVkf ago, ne win accept tneir isoariotism as an act ofvicarious atonement for Mr. Vallandigham's Anti-Administration views, and revoke ihe or-V dcr for bis banishment, reserving to himself-the privilege,- however of incarcerating or exiling him again if he sees fit." - ; . . 7 : The rejoinder of the Committee toTthis ex--traordinary product of presumption and folly, is a statesmanlike document, which will cause' the heart of every good citizen 4o thrill with' emotion. It will elicit feelings of the profound-' ' .: i j :ir remain a text for those who pot their "love ot liberty before every minor consideration, so long as the history of the American Republio' shall last. It calmly and dispassionately sets' forth the folly as well as the wickedness of the President's assertions and .claims, (they -can- not be called arguments) ; explodes the phren-" - " sied phantasm of 'preventive remediesr proves : that the ' Constitution and laws.' or. if exigencies' reqnirer-vongresa toe iaw making power are- ,v the defined standards of right "for every man' " , the President included. ' in these "free ' States! " and that these standards can not be trampled: ' nnnn with hnmnitr. Bat mm ha.ll ttnmM.'. i sion to return to this last masterly , document L . again, and meanwhile commend it, with the" whole of the correspondence, to 'the' attention1 - '? "Our Views." . -... - WmV H. Seward, in hie late Portland die-" patch to the European Government, says : r T Having taken coamrel with the President I am now enabled to communicate to you.vur--views on this subject.', . ''--y ":The. usual form of diplomacy, is f !, .jJ- - I am directed.by the Prdent to, say so and so."-- - ;; . v Seward don't mean to "put himself m the"po-; sitidn of the President's aVanlteJassaiea t4 be ; his pol itical equals c. .r T- .- . Mtaj:e on t Transient . jrirryraW in doubt on the subject,' we repeat, the provision of the new Uw regarding transient news" paper postage. The' posass t in tianjuenf newspapers and periodicals ler.t i j c ;. 3 . fack-age to one address. Is now t wo ec - cxdx 7 four wuicea or fraction thertcf, t7 I z" " J-T- ftid by stamps ; o'a bobisdaalle. llxi rz'.i. b'e-postage: on sir-le. transient ntxs t ; zpers not. weighing over four ounc9".iJ ri KJ cents.' - ' . -- - - . - A v