Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1865-06-24

              . - - . . . A I YOLUME MOUNT VERNON, OHIO : NUMBER Ipr T- .."'..-.:.- .-.-V , ' III t-ll I 1.,iJ iMI II I IK 1 I 11 . I . ' .11 - : II II VA I fill II l.r.ini 1 -wi , Jhrkolliitj of tM RMreUrjr of thi TreMary, tit gB4; the peneTmlSubcrjjxllo'n Af ent for tb 4i t : United SUtsa Seuritiea, ofera to Om public . J tiird rie of Trory Note, being MTen and ' krM-Unt&f per eot. iatimitper UBum, kaows m : t .7-30 LOlIST. C ' Tlii toUi are ixaed ander dU of July 16, 1S05, " s9 win pyibl tbree yeura from tht dl in eur-- TQCJi or,r oBrartttl at Ui.option of tho holder iat-; ... :;' . t ,:. - : ? tJ. S,5-20Slx per eent-l " 1 Tb Bonds ra w worth bandcmft premium, , d are exempt, as in tAtb OowBaient Bonds, from itoU.- County, ami Jfitnitrpal taxation, wkick add from 'ottk to tint pot cent, por annum- to their -I volM-noeordiag teethe rate lerlediipop ; other. pro-' Vffjt'j IhsT-iatersV'is ; payable f emi-aanaall j . by oapoas attached toesfb Dota,bich waj be cut off nd sold to any bank or" banker. The interest at 7.30 fmt cent, aatoabts t : One cent per day on 50 note. . Trtren : . i r '$ioo " Ten ; $500 20 glOOO ; $i $5000 K Notes of all the denomroations named will be ' promptly furnished upon receipt of subscriptions 1 The noUmot this Third Series are precisely similar In form and pririexs to the Seren-Thirties already sold, except that the Gorernment reserve to itself the optio f paying interest fei gold coin at 6 per 3t., Instead of 7 3-10thi in currency." Subscribers friQ'ddnn the interest in currescy mp to July 15th. it lht t when they subscribe. The delirery of the notes of this third series of the 3Ten-thirties will commence on the 1st of June, and Will be made promptly and continuously after that : late. Tb slieht chan? madecin the condition of this TniBD SERFES affects only the matter of interest. The payment in sold, if mad, will he equivalent to the currency interest of the higber rate. Th rstara to specie payments, in the eTent of which aaly will the option to pay interest in Gold be " Tailed of, would so reduce and equalise prices that purchases made with six per cent in gold would be - faBy equal to those made with screa and three-tenth : per" teht. ia currency. This is . THB OHLY LOAU IIT MARKET : Vow offered, by the Gorerziment, and its superior ad-: VanUgss snake it the --. Great Popular Loan of the People. tssslhaa $2iii,0o.000 of the Loan authorised by CongTess Fe tow on the market, This amoant, at the rate si which it is being absorbed, wUl all hesnb-crthad--for-within sixty. days,..wherkthe MteawHl end'wbTV tjaia fw i,as,hsajjormlj Veen ha tase oa (ohig the baeTiptwutB--ta ether Iersia. -vl " - ' . - - Tn rrdrr that rifirrni nf sTrry ftnrpjind sectinief theUein&yTmay1 be afforded; faciiiiea for taking Ibe loan, the" National DanTt i. State' Banks, and Private Bankers throughout the country hare generally greed to receive subscriptions at par. Subscribers will select their owe agents, in whom they hare eon Adenee, and who only axe te be responsible for the elelirery ef the aetes for which they receive orders; - JAY COOKE, - ' Snhteription Agent, Pkila. J5 Subscriptions received bj the i"rt A'ationat itank of Jfount Fro, om4 ITnox Count National - -JBan of Mount ;- Certificate jof Authority ' TO TBS Enox Connty National Bank of Mount Vernon. TREA8URT DEPARTMENT. Orricx or Cosftbolur or thr Ctrrksct " ". - : Wasbisoton, Apiil 25th, 186$ "TTTHERE AS, by satisfactory evidence presented If to the undersigned, it has been made to appear TOal " rne ax County jNatiuna linok 01 Mount "Vernon," in the City ef Mount Vernon, in the county -ef Knox, and State of Ohio, has been duly organized ader and according to the requirements of the Act -ef Congress, entitled "An Act to provi le a Xatioaal Currency, secured by a pledge of United States Bond, and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof." approved Jnne 3d, 1S64. and has ceesplied with all the previsions of said Act required to be . complied with before commencing the business of Banking. under said act; j Mow, therefore, I.' Freeman ClarkeComptroller of the Currency, do hereby certify that " The Knox County National Bank ef Mount Veraon," in the City of MKiat Vernon, in the County f Knox, and the State ef Ohio.is authorised to rommt-nee the business wT Banking under the Act aforesaid. In testimony whereof, wirnefs nr hand snd seal of office, this twenty -first day of 'April, 185. fvifaylS-Od FREEMAN CLARKE. Comptroller of the Currency. CLOSING TIP B USINESS , . . OS" THE , .'. !," erntrjHJ -or tb ; - - ; . Knox County National Bank of Mount - Vernon- . ' fTJY A RESOLUTION adopted at a stockholder JL -eaeetiag of this , Bank, on the 13th inW ap-rwred by the Bard of Control on the, 16th inct.. it aas been- determined to dose ap the basinee of the ' Knox Connty Bask. - Nonce if therefore hereby given that on and after the 1st day of Jane (frox.) this Bank wUl cease to c--. wMwpf. w vne collection of its Duis re- auv.Ua U J . ........ " i ao payment or its debts. Brosrroaft ar -requested, to hand in their pass "r' ?"V r as all halancea on 4 aRar tba data hat Ma:.-a l - . . . -"-" win oe crans- Sredst - JL t Miait Vmrtinn whinW dw a. .v WP'rB"!W saWe BeaWg rooms, , val giro enlarged accommodation to the public he-ciretrlatioo or ether liabilities ef the slaox ' ounty Baak will be paid on presentation at the - Ceuirter Of the Knox Canirtv NatJosal v "; Tj order of the Directors i --- - - V..-. . ;aENttr. B CURTIS, Prooideni. ' " . ' --- Wn QQlYSr CaokUr.- - ' - , rilllm Blian TpRUSTS that, his friends wUl not fail to fladhixe r V" his new Ipcatioa. . - JJ has madssxteasiva ad-. BAH1 'usao-.Ei . jf IBAL L .ear . - ku urcu iirf c sum: a -or . - - i xiaivtab- QPricUaadaitentloi t.ease tbejmbiU. fColmb..yeT.3fc v ; THE NEGRO. Interesting Facts About the Liberated Slaves. THEIR nORBIBLC CONDITION. EYTKAVAGANTIDEAS of WHAT FREEDOM MEANS. A Ondden Hush for the Xtarge Cities. White Labor in Dcmnnd. Curious Speculations as to the Fdture of the Sace. AS IMPOATAJTT PBOBLEtf. From the N,eir York World. : ' Baltimoks, Jone 8th, 1865. Mr (SuBerices of the Slaves DeDrived of their Masters. Thoe persons who have never been in the South, and who have formed their ideas of the southern slaves from the in.luatrioHs and com- paritirelf intelligent negroes and mulattoes whom we see around us in tHe northern cities have no adequate conception of the real character of the negroes at th-e South. Accustom ed, all their lives, to implicit ohedience ; ao-cuHtomedto a regular and unvarying routine of labor; accustomed to rely upon their mas ters for instruction and direction, for food, for clothing, for medicine when sick, and for the support of their aged and infirm parents, they are literally bewildered at the new positions in which they find themselves. In a few ex ceptional cases, the oegroes On some plantations have been sensidle enough to remain, and to make engagements with their former Owners to continue their labors on the old places ; and in all such cases the former masters have employed their negroes in preference to seeking other help, and are paying them fair wag. Extravagant Ideas of the Slaves. But these are very rare exceptions. As a general fact, it may be stated that the whole sjstem oflabor, in all the Souther State, has been broken up. The realatinns between employers and employees, has been violently and suddenly dissevered. The negroes, in every state east of the Hississippi, and in Louisiana alfo, to a great extent, intoxicated with their newly-acquired freedom (of the nature, extent and consequences of which they have not the inot remote idea) have left their homes and children, have truJged off scores and in fome iustances hundreds of miles, to the nearest city or large town. The orders that have been issued forfdding the congregating of negroes in the large towns, have not abated -the evil in-tbv least; . The orders never rcaehd the ooot of those Cor .wbwm it . ras .fntendl, and vnif tlrewStw-TUv prebendexL ' The negro'o idea of freedom is twofold ; first, freedom from work j second, freedom to come and go where he will ; and added to this they have a vague idea that those who freed them will also feed and clothe them. ' . ;", ' - . Their general unwillingness to Work. It is found in vain to convince them of the necessity that that they must continue to labor in order to live. When the idea is finally beat into their heads they receive it grum-blingly, and exclaim in their uncouth form of speech that they have been cheated and deceived, and that if they must work tbty are as much slaves as I efore ; or as they express it, "as much a nigga as before;" nigga" with them being synonymous with slave. They have come to the large cities and towns as they would come to the promised land, ex-peclinp a" their wants to he supplied, and to be supported in luxurious idleness. These expectations, of course, were .entirely groundless aiitl unwaratited No provision has teen made for their support, and the consequence is. that every week thousands of those poor creatures are literally dying ot etarvaiion. Fields and Plantations lying Idle. The operations of the Freedmen's Bureau, though carried on with the most indefatigable zeal, and with untiring industry, are utterly inadequate to reach and arert" this evil, which, instead of decreasing, is growing great er every dy. Nor is it let's Miin.fnl.ro contemplate the sad effect of this state of things upon the former masters themselves, and upon the plantations.. Ui planter. left destitute of help, are compelled to se their fields lvinp idle and uncultivated, and to witness their crops rotting in the ground, for want of proper cultivation. They have done what they coul l with industry will succeed in raising i caniy euKsisience tor tneir own tamilies. But the heart of the true hilantropit would ache; in traveling through the South, to see the tens of thousands of acre of ftrtile land lying idle and uncuiiirii, wnue inose poor people who ought to he there at work, are starving to death. The means of comfortable sutistence for them are there: but they, have been enticed away- from them. The Planters engaging White Laborers. Failing to make engagements with their ne groes, and despairing even of. their ultimate return, many of the planters have engaged wrnie men to taKe id" place of rtbeir negroes. No one can blame them tor this : and : vet a storm of execration will be raise! about their heads for doing so. Jiv informants have re lated to me numerous instances where rxor white men. living near large plantations, have been engaged by the planters by the year, to work for them, and are .now actively uaeed. These poor men were not soldiers in the rebel army ; but as the confederate soldiers return to their former homes, they too will no doubt oe engagea in line manner. Five or six white men, on a plantation, cab' 6 the .work, for-tnertj flone by twenty or thirty negroes : afd as there are comparatively few plantations In' the touth on wh ich more than twenty able bodied elaes,were. employed, H may be that that the planters, fit the end. ill find this kind of labor the most profitable to them ; tot, besMes supporting the negro; ihe master was compelled also lit support ttie tiegfti's wife and hi three er fiiur ehiljreihU wBoIo -family in fact to provide thera si jth a homo aid iWi tneaBS ef liviaz. tatakev are -ftT KrWiK sick, udjLo support them whea a gsd -and-flrmvaddaH thi for the !abortf one tnao; It wu; m cieaperj for thj clantert td employ hrt labor, of which, indcod, they can easily prpcats abundance. . JLnel if this should be the result cKthe, abolition 4of 'ilsvm-ir in depA.tbt taaatrre ef j,birelaves-the,abo-lidarniitriiate aJsodiprired tLosUtU of thehr Irocies ard their, means f ..sabsi'tenee. will they be so we'l eatisSed withT their warvfor The Southern Field open to White Labor. -From all that I can learn of the actual con dition of affairs at the South, -such is very like ly to be the ultimate result or the abolition of slavery. The people or the South, like all other people are governed by self-interest. Negro labor has been profitable to them, only because they could compel the negro to work, and thus, in spite of the heavy burdens entailed upon them by the support of the negro's family, they contrived to make the. negro's labor profitable. But the liberated slave, applying now to his old master for employment, will be mel by the competition of the white la borer. It is m vain to ridicule this idea It must and will be so. The southern field is open to the white and Mack lalwjrer ; alike. Tens of thousands of whits Jahorers. Yankees. Garmana.Sweedes. ahd Norwegians, and Irish men, will, in a Tear or two. swarm all over the South, seeking that employment which they fail to find in the over-crowded North. And thus, in a year or two. the poor negroes will find themselves crowded from the scenes of their former employment. The Planters Considering the Subject. These are my views but they are not mine alone. They are the views that already begin to occupy the minds of the . southern people. As I remarked above, their system of labor has' been entirely changed. The question which they have to consider, and which, as I learn they are considering very earnestly,1 is, whether it will be moot expedient and most profitable for them to enter into new. relations with the negroes, or to employ white laborers in their stead. Very few -public meetings on the subject have been held, although I have before me the proceedings of two in Virginia, ami four in other states. . But the subject is being earnestly discussed in private, among the planters ; and the universal sentiment, par. ticularly in the more northern latitudes, is strongly in favor of dicariling negro labor altogether: not immediately or suddenly, but by a gradual process. The plan . which has received the most favor is, iu brief to employ those of the regroes who are willing to work, paying them fair wages, and to employ, also two white men whenever they offer of the right kind, to every four negroes ; and then, to observe carefully their relative value as laborers ; and if. -as it is supposed, the white laborers turn out to the most profitable, gradually increase the white Ialorers, and dimish the nurnler of negroes employed- In this way the Southern States will eventually become free States indeed, but in a way not all on-templateI by the abolitionist agitators of 18G0. What will become of the Hegro. What will become ol the negro face then ? This, -indeed, is a serious question, anl one which Mr. Charles Sunnier and his followers- had done well to consider six years ago. If they had been content to let the negro alone, the latter would have been seenro in the comforts of homo forever. By their sudden abolition of slavery, they have paved the way to the certain extermination of the Idnck race in America, an event which may possibly be ac celerated by a negro iusurrectioD or a servile war. At ail events, the two races;' bbt b freel cannot live together The negro can never become a citizen at the South. Wendell Phillips rrcMvee-4bio fact efeariv. and it ia this, that fowjdvJS hiniflOxhOsUItJarUeiilbiJoBesoa's ocdicr. : The negru can. never com pete w nb the white racOither m the interiectuaf ort rnthe-agricultural field. , Wherever -the two races have " come m competition, the negro has gone down, and so it will be in this instance. Qod has so ordained it and man cannot alter the decrees of Gnd. - -- What the South has done for the Hegro race. Why is it, that as century after century has rolled away the negro in Africa has not made any advances in civilization, as the nations of Asia, and Europe, and America have don e There are forty-three millions of pure negroes in Africa, not counting the Egyptians and the inhabitants of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. Why have they built no cities or railroads, invented no machinxryv written no books ? The negro of to-day in Africa is the negro of six thousand years ago. He has not advanced one step in civilizntion during all that time. lie is still a ferocious cannibal, running naked in the woods, and selling his captives tor slaves. 1 lie curse of God is iiMn-the race. The only amelioration they have ever received has bee runt the hands of the much-abused toutjiern people. In the Southern States they have been humanized, civilized, and Christianized. A "loyal" paper sneered at the Cathelun the other day because the Catholic missions in Africa had wot succeeded in Christianizing the natives. But what denomination haa succeeded in Africa? It is in the Southern States, and bv the south ern people alone, that the negroes have leen made Chritiane and brought to the knowledge of the true God. On every larze Dlantation the negroes had their church and their minis ter, their good friends, the abolitionists. have deprived them of these. . Druid. Infernal Hachies at Mobile. Two torpedoes were discovered, on Monday, n one of the rooms of the Custom houAe. The room had riotbeen opened since the abandonment of the city by the Confederatesand when the door was unlocked and the knob turned by the orderly, some obstruction was felt that would hot allow it to operi, ahd, on being pushed . with force enough, the door swung rd'und. diardosung a torpeIo. attached by a wire to tier side of the door. Providentially, the cap rliil not explode, although the lock was sprung." In the same room was found another torpedo, concealed under some loose papers in a" desk, with strings leading omong the papers, so that an explosion would te produced ty any one attempting to remove the rubbish. The first had made the party, a little cautions, and this one was also got rid of without doing any damage. Such fiendish vindictivene&s as displayed here should be punished summarily, if the proper parties can be found to whom the matter is chargeable. The explosion of the torpedo attached to the door would have torn the : upper part of the Cusfoiff-bouse .to pieces, and great loss of life mast have necessarily ensued. Mobile Newt MaySU . ,- . Good: Advice. , -i The following is the advice xf an examining judge to a young lawyer on bia admiastoo to th'e bar j-.---k;-A:- ,J-:-- '- " tji-i-i Sir, it would be idle io-trouble yoo fanner: You are perfect; and I. wtlliismiss too jwhh a few words of advice, which you will do well to follow. .Tou- will find" it laid down aaV maxim. of CiviTt la'w - never to Kisa the 'maid wbea you ban kus-the Taiatresa. : Carry mis principievana foaaresafev rNeversay boo t6fooee wbenC ehe lhaathe power to lay golden eggi." Lei your face be lonir and- voar bills-be, loBgef. . IJeve -pot four-bapds in yuurjpocact .waeiLfloiaer is bandy.?:! ileep your cons ciencs for CT2r own privats n,Bnd don't tronblsit-with atbsy-taeSi-matters.--Lrarf wtss'Arain'iowIi:and besrfacatiran a town clock., ;Bj:aJbaveeilLfet ra?aey;,hon. ' estly if you can, my deir'eirj tatret Jnooerf . I welcome yoti to the bar' ' " . " In Whati $eis? "arethjo btateif Sover Front tho.JJ. "T World.'. -' A set ct rMlitical hw-lights has sprung up who deny bi toto that there is any such thing as state sovereignty and denounce the doctrine si a source of infinite mischief and dan-get Tbelsirongaodi Jdsi antipathy toj the heresy of secession enables these new-lights-to get a bearing; and peopU too indolent to think, or too obtuse toldiscrtmiuate, are so frightened by tbe ' hngbear of ; state ; sovereign ty that there Is a toossibllity that our govern meht will receive a fatal warp sgafrisi the principle of lo cal selfgovernment. Thf - whole tendency of the war has been to accumulate power in the federal bead and dwarf ffie- authority of the states. This tendency will necessarily continue until tbe work of reconstruction . Is complete. Hav ing escaped the danger of dissolution, we are now beset with the opKsite danger of cohsolidation. The' friends of liberty and state rights bave yet a hard battle to fight in defense of the fundamental principle of our federal iBstituiions. "- We wijl use no ATguntent to,; prove that the states are sovereign; because, so far as we are aware, no American staaesmsn of much eminence has denied it. The customary language of diir public men will have tobe-unlearn-ed If tie docf rine is to be discariled. We wish the political new-lights who denounced and scoff at slate sovereignty would look through the quotations which we insert, noticing that none of them are taken iron) Jefferson Madison, or any of the long fins of their Democratic disciples : : . . Every slafe is an indejfeneteni, SoriBCiG.v, political community, except in so far as certain powers, which it might otherwise have exercised, -have been conferred on a general government, established under a written constitution, and exercising its authority over the people of all the states. ;. This general government is a limited government.' Its powers are specific and enumerated. -Alt powers not conferred upon it still remainith the states, or with the people. Daiel Webster to Mtssrt. Harrington Brother,' Co., Oetofer'X6. 1839. No person can maintain more -firmly than I do principle that the states are Sovereign and independent in regard to all matters, except those in Relation to which sovereignty has been expressly, or by ' necessary implication, transferred to the federal .government by the Constitution of the United States: I have at least believed my non-compliance with the requisition made upon nie. in the present case, would be regarded as - maintaining the ciptal Sovereignty-and inlepfndence ofthi state, and by necessary CODSCiUerHW those of all the oth er states. &0t:rwn to ikeLieuteHaAt-Gov-ernor of Virgin Sepfemtter 161830 r , - - - And now, alraost.wiile-I speak; comes the solemn iudgomenttof the JSapreme Court of Wisconeio Sotekx ks k , sidle ef- this uninm. made after elabo' ' "-"ent orn sncceaaive 1 occasion. ffefo ' v and. theo be- lore mis er&joie uenc..-,f y.was ac uzr a violation of the.CdnstiHition--CSor&aiapt aer. Gpecci a Uu.:Foikos Slave UUt-Feb. 1855.- -: ' - ' - V- ,- w- ' - ; - . But this doctrine of ah extraordinary case, judged-of and applied byg one: of the twenty-r four Sovereignties, - is replete:. .with infinitely more danger, than the doctrine otthe general, in the.hauds of all. filrary day, Speech August 3, 1830. :-. Mrkf-: : ? : - -O'1 . The soTERtiCHTT nd jurisdiction ef this state shall extend to all pta'cee within the boundaries thereof. . -- I' It shall beLlie duty of "tbe Got., and of all subordinate officers' of the state, to, maintain and defend tts sotERMCirrT , and. jurisdiction. Jle-vised Statutes of Nvterk, Chap, li Title 2. ' The eUte of Georgia, by giving to. the bank the capacity fo sue Si4 be sued, voluntarily strips itself of Us. tor tttlQ character, so far as rer peels transactions of the bank, and waives all the j rifelegeWoflbat character. 04"-Justice Marshall, 9 Wheafon, 90f. . - .We may fairly exensa ourselves from arguing the naked point bf State sovereignty against the new school, until (bey have condescended to explain,' by some rational or probable theory, why it has been so. universally recognized by the statesman .,- and jurists who' have paosy profoundjy -''stijdieti tb" Constitution. Will the .2Viiu,jvbich, two days ago, professed, in solicitude to see stats sovereignty "put to death' as areat .tculpriC point out what it conceives to be tbe source of Webster's and Marshall's errorf I J L f ' - We propose to diseuss- these three ues tions? : -X- J.-Si- ; ' . First. In what sens5ari':fbe,'s Second. What are this" limitations pufupon their sovereignty bj tbf federal Cbnetftution?; :- Third, Are these llmtutions " removable -by a a nialler nuuiber b f stttes'tban are - f equiai te to"araendthe Constitution? : " - ' '' ThV practical ititefestfof tbe subjctnlles mainly in the third' estion; a question on which there has'never "beenf "any ilifference of opinion- in the North ahd.which has now been decided by ar ms-aa nobody ever doubted it. would Hlecidett bf the' Supreme Court in thed:n'w.''.Istt .there' been any likelihood that the tribunal established to expound the Constitution would have, sanctioned the pretended right .of.:feceeioa, the Hour hern States would hayer nol. appealed to. arms to gt released from their federal objigatioris. " The words sovereign'? aod.'eotereigniy" are useI in two senses,' which; tdr avoid confu4 sion of thought, we dl.-fiiihiriate.: (Strict-lythat power is eovetttgnvf hich isoubjectto no control but: Its owi -will. In this . sense, there is no sovereignty either ta the stats governments or la toe federal;'government; for both are subject to awritten Conetitutioa conferring only iuch forms as the people sawfit o'rantrwhicb powers; xh 5 people tnsytat lb tr pleasure, revok.e " In the highest sense, the sovereignty tvside inde'r-'ably in the people, who can 'con for upon C , . : rulers as much or as little power as tbey ees SuvJn, a looser but yot unnsul eiins -v?e r - -cf f overeignty as residing in the govern e r. i.- . i1 r' Tbi people of the IXn itaJ tte?, if ei-ercise of tbei soyereijaty, ! 79 eitablUhedsv com' plejb system 4 cf. 0 vert r.t2, -delegating the exercise of some soyere1 1 po wers ..tltbe federal government, fc: a t ' j ei2(e govera-mentsandreservirto tl.... .ises a ' reii Jaa-ry massof Tnids'ecauj'xc Irf'tae pow era which; they tavs crz." I ca 'the state gorrernicfEts; jt f 3 - ' : -ttbs peo-- ple;have acted ? t "siUeVl.btJ sovereignty. r?F '. cf f fate, Sk'majorityofw. - ; ?telare the wUl of tl3J t' of ens e tat o hare n x " . . . iie- the State conr'': -iT- t' ttata povtrnraentcf s : y t .- -h the federal government or otherwise. In this respect then, the states are indisputably sov ereign and: independent, -being subject to . no exterior control, either" by other states or by the federal authority- A majority of its own citizens controls tbe majority, in each state, in virtue of the principle that men are naturally equal, and that consequently there can be no just political preponderance in a state but that of numbers. ; . . . .. In regard to the federal government, the cardinal question, as respects sovereignty, is, whether the people from whom its powers are derived, exercise their sovereignty as one col lective body in which the citizens are equal and a majority Controls; or whether the sov ereignty resides in the people of the several states as a seperate communities, the states being considered as equal, and no majorities being reganied except in the individual states. It is clear that the federal government! was neither formed nor can be amended by the collective mass of the. people acting as one body, in which every citizen has an equal voices with every other citizen, and a majority controls- In amending the Constitution, a citizen of New York has less than one-sixth of the political influence of a citizen of New England and less than one-thirtieth of the in- uence of a citizen of Delaware. If tl4e sov ereignty by which the federal government is constituted resides in the collective mass of the people, this is not only a great anomaly but a gross and glaring injustice. If the 'cul prit,"- states sovereignty, is to be "put to death," let the work be thorough. If the equality of the states are to le broken down, then, in the name of justice, give ns the equality Of individual men and . let the majority rulel . The sovereignty is the power that makei. unmakes, alters, or modifies govern menu. . Even that. part of the' soverignty which is exerted in the format on of the.felerar: govern ment is not poppeHsel by the collective body c f the people, but by the people as organized in to separate political communities, each of which is deemed the equal of every other, with out regard to population. Delaware wi.h one hundred and twelve' thousand people has. within a few months, neutralized the will of New-York with nearly four million in its action . oh the pending constitutional Amend ment. If state sovereignty Is to die the death. tcur of the six senators of New England must be suspended on-the same gallows. . A Characteristic Heraldism. The New York, Herald, in an editorial on the 7th inst, got off the following : Slaveholders having been abolished with slavery, the Northern demagogues iiow pro pose to abolish the Pope, the Jews, religion generally, and the distinctions of dress between the sexes. Tbey propose to. establish negro equality, negro suffrage, and the Bloomer costume. If anything we oonld say would have any weight wkh these worthies we should ask them- to spare tne Pope. That venerable man enlists our sympathies as beiog the weaker party. -Any number of plow to aholioh him have been contrived -in - Europe; but he has- maintained b i -existence wit b a. tenacity which even bis enemies-1 must admirei: .The. Eiro- ncsn world "now - seems to be combind airainst bim;; and, like his divine ifaster, he bas": not where in- partkmlarto lay bis. headr- lTuder tbegeeurcTtBiataaee awiTtttaciropqrt? hinr frowi this coatltry is cowardly and we again offer bun the hospitalities Of Washington. Heights That Revolutionary, locality is admirably cal culated for defense,.; and we believe that we could protect him against all assailants Phil lips may talk and Greeley may write, .and. little twaddling TiTton may print; Jut in our opinion the Pope will not be abolished for s long time to come. Nor for that matter, will the Jews. These children of Abraham have endured an awful deal of persecution and can stand a great deal more. The Emperor Na poleon had a shot at them recently, in the pre face to his ".Julius Caesar, ' and August Belmont cast ridicule upon them by hisshent-per-shent convention; but yet thev still live, and worship God according to the dictates of their own rabbis. We doubt that the Northern agitators can accomplish more than Napoleon and Belmont. Let us warn the demagogues to be careful how they seek to abolish all religions. As we entertain no fears of their being able to ac complish this great work in our dav, we titter our warning in a hightly benevolent spirit Tor their own sakes. They will soon discover that an indiscriminate assault nppn religion will lose them their strongest allies. the phi pit politicians will he arrayed against them When they abolish religion thev abolish Plv mouth church, and Mr. Beecher'a twelve thou sand dollar salary, like the riches spoken of in the Bible, will take to itself wings and ny away. Mr.. Beecher will surely follow his salary, even if it should lead him intothe conservative earn p. - Where his treasure is there will his heart be also. And there are so many clergymen of Mr. Beecher'a stamp, if not of his talents, that the agitators will find. the attempt to abolish religion quite a losing game,. It will be better for them to confine their efforts to objects in which the clergymen cayj assist them as they did in getting up the late war. 1 he Dloomer costume, for emample. is a, legitimate euhject of rndderh pulpit discourse. Ministers can preach about that who . would find it difficult to preach-about piety, A wo man in man's clothing coald be exhibited on tne carol platform as slaves Recently were. - No doubt there a,e in this; world manv. peo- le in petticoats who ought to be in petticoats Ve meet more old women 'of the masculine than of the feminine genderj - The - young ladies and the hoo-skirt mauffcturers might object to such a reform; but every . man - who bas,heen obIigel to . notice, practically, the vast difference between a tailor's bills and a modiste's bills might approved of the Bloomer idea, on the score of economy. At any rate, the scheme to make the marriage contract include bel. board and breeches, iCSby far the most feasible advanced by the agitators since the close of the war. . . . ---A Sensible Hepubhcaft View. The Philadelphia Inquirers, a " Bepublican journal, in noticing the charge of the notorious J udge Underwood, of iasternVirgmia, to the girand jury aJ Norfolk, to indict secessionists for treason,- telling them that the terms of tbe parole agreed eppn "with General Lee were a 'Smere mttitary-artangemeatt and ean have no influence upon civil rights, or the persons in tefested," says t - -.-r -V . r-' There are 'roahy who regret that tbe terms of the parole were too liberal, ' in their judge- ment.'.bat tbey mast recollect that tbey . were approvea oy.taaigooam.ao. Aoracani jjincoin, in whosi loyalty, justice?; and excellent com-rooh Sense tbe whole nation trusted. - TEs. bv role is an act of the Governmeht,,which being once agreed npon, must not be cfsbonored by abteacb of faitbs :While we look aVoor aide of the qne8tioh,';w tnnst look Also at tbst oth er. :- Bad it been .said loXee and bi soldirs.-f We purols yfi'j Bow.'lnl will bavfT every one cl yoa np for trial bere&eri bforS tbe civil cocjns. they would have rfj??:tei sneb terras. and; with Uoody despera4;ca fotrt caMl iitfy were annihilated. The war would not have been closed to day. ..Every rebel army would have been defiant, and many thousand precious lives of our eoloiers would have been sacrified, while our burden of debt would have kept on; increasing with a fright fal acceleration. We must look at this question not merely through the legal spectacles of Judge-Underwood, but as a matter concerning the national honor. The; Government is charged with the duty of enforcing the Constitution and the laws. We should trust to its high officers, and we think that the volunteer efforts of judges, who go ont of their way to create sensations, should be generally discouraged." - - ; Secretary Stanton and His Way. The' Cincinnati Commercial republishes, from the N ew York Hers Id, the following anecdote of Secretary Stanton, which accounts in parts for the success of Lieutenant General Grant in succeeding better with the Army of the Potomac than his predecessors. It also contains the admission of the late President, that Secretary Stanton had, for two years and a half, taken the management of the army of the Potomac out of the hands of General Grant's predecessors : " When General Grant was about to leave Washington to enter upon that sublime cam paign which began with the battle of the Wilderness, and ended with the downfall of the rebellion, he called upon Secretary Stanton to say good by. The Secretary was anxiously awaiting him. Durin? tbe two and a lialf years that President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton had managed the Eastern armies, it was the first point in their plan's to keep Washington heavily garrisoned .with troops. Large bodies of men were stationed in the fortifications around the city, and other large bodies were, 'kept within supporting distance.: Now that Grant had come into power, Stanton wanted to see that the defense of Washington was not overlooked. Accordingly, after a few pre-liminarion. the Secretary remarked. " Well, General, I suppose you haveleft rbe enoqjrh men tQ strongly garrison thp forts?" So." said Grant cooiy. " I can'tdo that." " Why not ?" cried Stanton, jumping uerv-ouslv about, " Why not? Why not ?" - "Because I have already sent the men to the front," replied Grant, calmly. "That won't do," cried Stanton more nervous than before. '"It's contrary to my plans. I can't allow it. I'll order the men back." "I shall need the men there," answered Grant, "and you can't order them back." "Why not?'' inquired Stantou again. Whv not? Why net?", "I believe thai I rank the Secretary in this matter," was the quiet reply. . - . v "Very well." said Stanton, a little warmly, "we'll see the President about that. I'll have to take vou to the President." "That's right." politely observed Grant, "tbe President ranks us both." i Arrived at the White House, the General and the Secretary aked to see the. President npon-important -bueinese, and in a few mo-menti the good-natured face 6f Mr. Lincoln appeftred, -" .- Well, ge nilemarv'f said VSk. Preslden C with S wsiateniWsvwbat dayow wanf with Tne?" f revieTaL said Stanton, stii3y,- atate your case.": c v. v ; - ,- - ..-?I have no case to state so blied General Grant. "I'm satisfied as it is;".'thus' outflanking tbe Secretary, and. displaying tbe sme strateegy in diplomacy as in war. . "Well, well," said the President, laughing, "state your case. Secretary t . - Secretary Stanton obeyed: General Grant, said nothing; the President , listened , very attentively. When StahtOn hairconcluded, the President crossed his legs, rested his elbow on bis knee, twinkled bis eyes quaintly, and &'l: , . .. . .... . "Now, Secretary, you know we have been trying to manage this army or two years and a half, and you know we haven't done .much with it. .We serit over the. mountains and brought Mister Grant as' Mrs. Grant calls him to manage it" for us, - and now I guess we had better let Mister Grant have bis own way.' " dn th:a. the Ccrrirriercial makes the follow ing sensible comments : , . ' T : . : "The gool judgment of Mr. Lincoln, who when he found a real military n an in whom he had confidence, gave him the supreme com- maud of the armies or the United States, refusing to interfere with him' ia the smallest particular, has been vindicate!. Halleck and Stanton being choked off, : and the President confining himself to his civil duties, the soldiers . performed the work of 'destroying the military power of the rebellion. "Another work, and one of not less impor tance, is now before ua. It is that of. pacific cation and reconstruction, . 1 hese two are one, and inseparable from theni is the j-estoration of the civU law and freedom of trade through out the land. t "Though the people willed otherwise, there has been change in the highest officer of the Government. .Abraham Lincoln is no more, and Andrew Johnson is President of the United States, but Ed win M. S.tanton remains Secretary of War. He is the same opinionated, obstrutive, impetuous, hot-headed, and stiff-necked person that he was three years ago. He has strong jointi. He ia full of energy, and works, and to good purpose most of tbe time, early and late. . He can say no, and doeH.it with quick ness and decision. He is" incorruptible, and we believe.- as a general rule, has a whol.eaorhe hatred of thieves. r But a part of the time bis forces are misdirected, and he does great mischief. He enjoys tbe exercise 01 power intensely, ani nas a stupid and wicked disregard of the forms of Jaw, that is damaging the Administration, and rrinsfc be ehecketl and - rebuked or the Bepublio itself 11 -- :. - . -- -. - wiu onrjer itarm. . "Wbat we mean will be illustrated bv this proceedings the other day in reganl to the photographs or the remains .of Mr. Lincoln, taken in New York (Sty. He ordered Gener al Dix to destroy those pictures, having no more right to do ft than he has - to order Gen. Hooker; to capture and confiscate our tea spoons. ; If there was no reason .why One hundred thousand people -hould not look np on toe remains t- Apranam jjincoln ia Wew York, there was none - why . million should not have a 'photograph of those remains if tbey wanted it. And if Mrs. Lincoln bad ek. bressed a siraole reonest that the nhotri9anba should boi.be circulated, 00, one srould have dared to dd other tbaO sacredly respect ia o tan ton, nowever, caa to-lesna u- "order" t . iL. . . . ,. l ... : - . - ' nwui uj uiswcr, snowing mtreiD aOOBs OJ8 nsoa! meaeure of discretion,'! i'-r' : " - ' ' Tb e'solltiids which in this world appalls or faseioates a child 7 heart is but the echo of -a far deeper solitude through wHehJeJready- be bas passed,-ad of another sHfadedeeperetin, throagbvwbicb b bas to pass;-reflex of 00s soatadeprettjratwn.or ;noioeri : - ;;-v, moi IVatesnorti withTis as poor parents do.wftb their children, who at f rst gtre;. them .'brisfct 'sy garments, becsuge they are eacnycyedi2. ) dk datS. , -. - ''.' -' ' .'.'.-:- - - From the Iioulsvillo Jocrnal.J" -;" T - Paragraphs -Wefly Original. . - A young widow is apt to Lope that sctue on, early, c;ay .replace "the late." , ;- -- ; .. Awoman shouldn't overdo things If, eLe has been shedding tears for an bour,tt is time to drop them, ' , - ' ' ' .' " - - ' . i- K lady should have nothing' to do with gentleman that hapdles any other cork screws-than the cork screw curls upon htr head. The great Mormon chief goes it while be' Young. . . . ' r .- The man who boots at what yon say should' remember that nn-owl can do as .much. -. , A slanderous woman is a fowlfrjg-piece. ' If is hardly possible Tor a man with a disordered stomach to be pious. -.. " When you kiss your love's letter.' you remind tbe spectator of the night-mare, because it's the "ink you bus I" - - ..: . 4- To ejaculate "God hIp the poor" is one -of the cheapest charities. , V" h- : We all suffer more from our tongues than from anybody else's. . ... ' f Woman i said to be a Tnere delusion, but it is sometimes pleasant to hng delusions. And power-maker, when he chances to hTOw h 19 mill up, is merely, tradesmanlike, puffing, off his own commodity. - . v Lovers talk of kissing the garments of their : sweethearts, but we shouldn't like to kiss ths tail of a lady's Jong drees when she baa been upon the streets. . - There is a shadow of difference between the noees of Greece and greasy noses. . A widow Mc A boy has been delivering lectures ia Minnessota. She had better get mar ried. Some poor fellow might take her at a pinch. ' Susan's lover fell ont with her, and told her flatly he.intended to-break off their "marriage engagement. Villainous wasn't it; and what was the result ? Suey-eighed. .' -. Different writers use different kinds of par. per jn recording their thoughts. Foolscap best fits the heads of most authors. ; Demagogies are soraethnes very small men. Not every demagogue ia a Gog. "" Many go to India to make fortunes and fail. Thev go to the land of bamboos and are bam boozled. : ;' . . . ..; - . . -. .. People in epauletts may seem to be terrible war-horses, when, like Cinderella's coach bor 8es, they are mice at bottom, , If you want to make yourself heard eaten . sively. go up a steeple and sund upon tbe cross and ball. - - ' " - - - . -. .-t s Many bright-eyed young ytomen, like lbs Connecticut traitors in the war of 1812, die play blue lights. ;' ' . . - . " It is well. enough that jnen should be killed by love. Man born of woman should die of woman. - - - -- - r . --: :. ' .' :; Keep your eyes wids open- belbre marriage, half shnt afterward., - ' . : --" ..-Jt has been" said that a good man's 'last hours are his best. ' They are the best for bim-seif. but a bad tnari's best for society. - - r . When malicious dames gather at i tea-pajs ty, . ins devil takes a snoose.- ,. - " Mutual fiaUervrgenrIly understand each other a,fell ai a couple of Horee-jockeys or blae&legS. t V" , ,- - ' ' -"' ' ' .. :' ' IfTvey man were to get all-be deservwi tLe-forests would run short of switches. - - CrinoHne is a device by which, woman com-ass thir ends. " .. By preparing for ths worst you may o&eri acpomplish the best. ; .-. Undoubtedly women eufler great wrongs, bat .when we look at the dear creatures,. ws often think they need to be redressed quite at much as their wrongs. . , ': '-' " ttichter says 'tis the hore sad not tbe. e hide that wearies. But we are sure wfl-hm seen a wagon tire . ; . ; . . ... t n. The wirid may well have a mournful sound, fof it has 8 wept the fields of mortality for.many centuries. r- All eyes survey npon the coffin .ibe rJcV4 of name, of sex, of age, and the day of depar ture from earth records how useless 1 and dropped into darkness as if messages addressw. ed to worms. , , Let your course be upward, upward, upward while ife lasts, as the bird of Paradise. is said to soar etr.aight toward Heaven until she drop" down dead. 7" ' -' -- - .- -: '! You.can best measure ths wounds of a man's soul by the bandage which he seeks .to-. bind . around it. Oiir grief may be gtieei frwa ts a flolace and self-deception we resort 6.:" - v- If Socrates humbled the proud Alrtbiadra with a map of the earth, so, when this in tum-is annihilated by a chart of the Heavens; must our pride and sorrow on earth Ub Ktiil , more put to Hie blush: . ; . ' . ' .: . The 6weetest wine of lov a single' hot ay may thbrpen into .vinegar. ..- ' ' ' The delicate female soul seeks like the , only blossoms and flowers ; the rw etal,' like the wasp, seeks only fruit. : : : fr Hearts that have a great deal to open an j present to every one, are like a prince's snaif box; both contain the likeness of tbe -fctrsT, not of tbe rececsiver. ... . :, . - ' . ; (CWst of Waf. ; . Offlcial returns in the War Office show that tbe details in-the army since, tbe 'War- broke' oat, 60 ftr as heard from, with the? estimates" made, from those returns not yet handed in,3B-cluding the starved prisoner?, d., will lerjrs gate about three hundred and twenty jtvt Vuntw-and. These are tbe deaths alone. From thie number we may deduct some forty thoasaadT on account of ordinary mortality, bad ths war , not existed, and then have left S83.0CK). dead,-TBese are the dead only on one side.: If wa suppose a mortality of. 173,000. on the .rebel side, we have a. total of 450,0v?H who bsv peri' ished in the war. -Supposing among the woun- ded and diseased of the-snrvivors tbst: ones half are permanently disabled vws must add at least. 609,000 more To the bomber of victims making a total of oyer one niUum of harasit beings whose death or Ttselessnes while llvicj may be ascribed to this war, . -x :iV J-: .-- J- " LoTel Jealeusy kbA PisMlr. : A necrrn namei WilUam. Clark wss arrested. yesterday, for beating bis wife. The evidence showed in at be had rsarried a .eerjrjnd tinsv and the first; wife becqtaii enraged 'eter Sined. to .follow hiffli'to bia new adorra and' ke away si bran new silk dress thst her bcs band bad clandestinely taken eff for. tfcf rr ond wife to get married Jn. .Hsf band . and wife No. 1 gotlnto a cuaml, 3vhk:S ,end?li tbe woman 'getting' a drnH!sne wss reiK red to pay a fine of. $10 aad crsu. PttCli la the Republican Cone; Vc f IT-- i-gomery Connty, ca tt e. Kh' V. 1 U. : -' : ; . epposf nj .aejro.;-. srr '; ?; e Ziz: .1 ty 1 .-i' snt-Gavtr CI- -'.-'n rtt -UJVj ; '. - i sT-V- ir.t-'-' - :'-V;- -f. V