Ohio State journal and Columbus gazette (Columbus, Ohio : 1825), 1836-07-02, WEEKLY.

              mm mUU aw SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1836. WEEKLY. No. 59, Vol. XXV Whole No. 1470. t PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY SCOTT & WRIGHT. Office on High -it reel, second door louth of Armstrong's Hotel. J. BAIMIAC1IE, EDITOR. TERMS Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, in adcanet', or Three Dollars, at the end of the year. No subscriber allowed to discontinue while he remains indebted to the office. A semi-weekly paper Is also issued from this office, at the rate of Two Dollars for 52 numbers, or Four Dollars per year. Letters on business should be add re wed to the Publisher, and should be post-paid, except whan coming Iron A (rents, COLUMBUS, JUNE 23, 1830. T. L. HAMER. Tha speech of this gentleman, on tlie bill authorizing appropriations for a Survey and Exploring Expedition to the South Sea, inserted od our preceding page, will doubtless be perused bv many of our readers with mingled sensations of gratification and regret gratification, at the manly and statesmanlike views expressed by the speaker on the above occasion; and regret, that talents such as his should often have been exerted in upholding a venal and profligate Administration, and itidefending measures dotriinontal to the best interests of the country .Among those to be found in the ranks of the office-holders, there are unquestionably many who really imagine that they are enlisted iu a just and holy cause who conscientiously bolieve that they are actually laboring to promote the general welfare, and secure the permanency of our re publican institutions. These persons intend to discharge their duties as citizens with the strict est fidelity! and err only through ignorance and the force of prejudice. They acknowledge that ours is a government or the people, fob the people;" but unhappily apply this truly correct maxim to a government actually exercised oy mercenary oflico-holders for their own exclusive benefit. Among these, however, we cannot Include Mr. Ha.mer. He sins against light and knowledge. Too intelligent and too clearsighted to bo ig norant that the party novr in power we mean, the leaders and managers, not tho mass care nothing for the interests of the people; nothing fortlie honor of the country; nothing for the preservation of the inestimable privileges se cured to the humblest citizen by the American Constitution he nevertheless lends them his countenance and support. He knows that their sole object is to serve themselves out ol the pub lie crib to appropriate to their own exclusive use the honors and emoluments of office. He is perfectly sensible that not one of the pledges formerly given to the people of these states, by the friends of the present Executive, lias been redeemed that all the principles for which they then contended have been abandoned that eve ry one of the promises they then solemnly made has been scattered (o the four winds In fine, that there is, in reality, no greater resemblance between the profeuiont of the Jackson party in 1324-28, and their present practice, than there is between " a spirit of health," and " a goblin damn'd." Yet, notwithstanding that all this, and more also, is perfectly well known to him, lie still condescends to act with this perfidious We confess that we never reflect on the part which this gifted individual has played in the great political drama now in rehearsal, without experiencing the deepest sorrow. To witness an intellect of a high order prottilutcdre rc gret to be unable to use a milder word to the vilest purposes giving " to party what was meant fur mankind" laboring with the Ruck aa, the Wiiitneyb, the Kendalls, and the Blairs the stench of whose corruption would infect an Empire is indeed most melancholy An infatuation so deplorable can be attributed only to the influence of misdirected ambition that "sin. by which Angels fell." Mr. Hameb doubtless thought, when his present party con section was first formed, and may possibly still believe, that, under our happy form of govern ment, the evils likely to arise from a bad Admin istration would be but temporary; that such is the youthful vigor and elasticity of our political system, that any impurity it might contract, by the temporary uso of corrupt or incompetent men would be speedily thrown off by its native ener gies; and that the periodical return of our dec tions, and the vigilance and jealousy of party op position, would afford sufficient security against the occurrence of any serious mischief. Ilo may have reasoned thus, and convinced himself that under the then relative position of tho contending parties in this country, he might safely follow the path which his private interest seemed to indicate. without reflecting that, in politics as well as in morals, the slightest deviation from the path of rectitude is full of danger, and that, when the line has once been crossed, tho progress in the down yard road is most fearfully rapid. It is, we think, quite certain, that, in taking this louree, the gentleman referred to did not consult (lis own individual advantago, evon if, as a states' man and patriot, ho ought not to have entirely dis carded such a motive In the nature of things, U altogether impossible that a radical change in our affairs should not soon tsko place. We can- not long remain in tlaluquo. A crisis, if it have not already arrived, will appear at no distant day and the management of our public concerns must be committed to abler and puror hands, or wo shall cease to exist as a Republic. If the people actu ally desire a King, an Emperor, or s Despot of some sort well. We havo nothing more to any. Mr. Hameb, if he stoop low enough, may. in that event, obtain a place at court, and perhaps a title. But if, as wo yet hope in spito, we must admit, of some unfavorable indications a du.nded majority aro still desirous of preserving our free institutions in their purity, tho timo is at hand when those who havo contributed to bring about tho ex isting order of things will bo colled to a strict ac count, In a vory lew years at iiirtncsi, u wo aro not greatly deceived, Jacksonism will bo rcinoin- bcrod only to be exocrated; and instead of allord- ing a safo and easy road to honor and preferment, it will be a passport to contempt and neglect. Ily adhering to it, in opposition, as we most sincoroly believo, to tho convictions of his better judgment this gentleman possibly may, for a short period, continue to bask in the sunshine of Executive favor and patronage; but, at the same time, be preparing for himself a long course of unavailing repentanco and bitter regret. Whereas, had ho acted differ ently, ho might, it is true, havo been proscribed for a season; but this circumstance, instead of operating to his injury, would serve in the end only to sethis merits in bolder relief, and give him additional claims on the esteem and confidence of discriminating people. We cannot close theso hasty remarks, which have been, in a great measure, forced from us by the occasion, without expressing the hope that a gentleman so capable of serving his country, will yet be convinced of the lamentable error into which he has fallen, and hasten to retrace his steps. It we have spoken ot mm with Irecdom, it has been with a sincere desire that his eyes may be opened to the dangers which now beset his path, to enable him to shun the abyss which already yawns to receive him. Ho is still young; and according to ordinary probabilities, may calculate on many years of honor and usefulness, provided his prospects be not marred by too close a connection with a set of men, who, whatever may bo the result of the present political contest, must, if virtue and patriotism be not entirely ex tinct in this country, soon be put down, at once and for ever. We conjure him, and all others similarly situated, to examine carofully and impartially the ground on which they now stand; and if the investigation should result, as we believe it must, in convincing them that the time has actu- .lly arrived in which they cannot possibly serve both their party and their country, we trust that they all will magnanimously resolve to strike for the latter, let the blow fall where it may. Need we add, that this sacrifice is expected at the hands of those who honestly doomed A reform neces sary in 1824-28, if only by way of reparation for the radical error they committed in tho selection of tha agency through which this great measure was to be carried into operation. CONGRESSIONAL. Our communications from Washington, usually present so full and accurate a view of the most important business transacted by the Representa- tives of the nation, that we have seldom found it necessary to take nny particular notice of their proceedings. As our correspondent has, however, failed to announce the fact in his last letter, we ilcem it proper to observe that, on the 18th inst.Mr. Clay, from the committee on Foreign Relations, to which had been referred certain resolutions of I the Legislature of Connecticut, and sundry memo rials and petitions from various quarters, praying for the recognition of the independence of Texas, made a report to tho Senate on that subject, which, after a short discussion, was ordered to be printed, and made the order of the day for Thurs- day laBt. This report has not yet reached us; but we learn that it is accompanied by a resolution, declaring, "that the independence of "Texas ought to bo acknowledged by the United States whenever satisfactory information shall be received that it has in successful operation a civil government, capable of performing the duties, and fulfilling the obligations, of an independent power." We have little doubt of the adoption of this report and rcso Union; which, we believe, express tho opinions of nineteen twentieths of the psopla of the United States. THE HEMISPHERE. The attempts of our neighbors of the Ilrm- iiphere, in some of their late numbers, to attract our notice, have not been altogether unheeded but there is generally so " much of the genuine spirit of polzy " in their " efTnsives," that we are usually compelled to let them pass for what ever they may be worth, from sheer inability to comprehend their meaning. If we understand aright an article in their papor of Wednesday in which some allusion is made to this Journal it seems they have discovered that "General VANCE'sold District" "has always been op posed to the sottlement of our Northern line, a: claimed by Ohio." What connection this cir cumstance, if founded in fact, can possibly have with our recent observations on the boundary question, we cannot, however, imagine; but are inclined to suppose that, like the reported discoveries of Sir John Hersciiel, with which the public were amused a few months since, that recently mado by our neighbors is nothing but moonshine. We hope they will take an early oppo-tunily of enlightening the public on this point; and for the purpose of enabling thorn to effect this object, we respectfully invite them to draw on us for a copy of some approved spelling-book Webster's, or Cobb's, for instancewhich we shall bold subject to their order. STEAM-BOAT DISASTER. The steamboat Rob Roy burst her boiler on the evening of the 2(1 1 h inst. near Columbia, on the Mississippi river, whilo under way from Now Orleans for Louisville, by which seventeen persons lost their lives, and sixteen othors were scalded, some of whom are not expected to recover. The engine had been stopped, for the purpose of oiling some part of the machinery, a short time before the accident happened; and it does not appear that there was any deficiency of water in the boilers. None of the cabin pas sengers wera injured. TENNY CYCLOPEDIA. We havo had an opportunity of glancing ovor twoorthrco numbers of this work, tho republica tion of which, from stereotype- plates, furnished frdm London direct, has been recently commenced in tho City of New York, by Mr. William Ja k- sum. It is issued in numbers, or parts, ouo of which "will appear at intervals of about ten days, until tho wholo of those published in London arc issued, after which it will proceed monthly Without pretending to bo able to judgo of the merit of a publication so voluminous and compro liensive as this is expected to bo, from tho hasty perusal of a fowof its pages, wo can truly say that it is well executed, and appears to us to handle tho various subjects of which it treats with ability and fairness. It is certainly very cheap; the price of each part, containing 48 large and closely printed pages, neatly stitched and covered, being only twelve and a half cents, or Two dollars per volume of eleven parts, elegantly bound in leather. The work may be obtained on application to Mr. W iiitino, bookseller of this City, agent for the publishers, to whom those wishing to purchase are respectfully referred. CORRESPONDENCE OF THE STATE JOURNAL. Washington, June 22, 1836. Tin: Bill to regulate the Deposits and dis tribute the Surplus. On Monday, the rules were suspended for the purpose of taking up the Deposit Bill from the Senate. Mr. Dickerson, of New Jersey, a brother of the Secretary, moved to refer it to the committee of the whule on the State of the Union, with instructions to separate its two branches, and make the provisions to regulate the public Deposits, and to distribute the surplus among the States, the subjects of two different bills. An animated discussion arose on this motion; and a division nf the question having beeu ordered, the proposition to commit was carried; and the question on adopting the instructions was negatived by a vote of 120, to 90. 1 lie uul was thon made the special order for Tuesday. Accordingly this great and beneficial mea sure was taken up yesterday at the usual hour. During the morning hour Mr. ArKAY made another effort to thrust in his resolutions requiring the Secretary of the Treasury to report at the opening of the session what alteration could be made in the existing tariff, with a view to its reduction what would be the best mode of diminishing the revenue arising from the public lands; and to state his views generally of the most convenient and advantageous method of reducing the revenue to the fair and constitutional wants of the Government. The attempt failed. A suspension of the rules was required; and two thirds would not vote for it. Mr. M'Kav, who is a perfect master of dis guises, and under a simple exterior, conceals much management and nnesse, gave notice that he would on the morrow oiler the same resolutions, and also ask leave to introduce a joint resolution and amendment to the Constitution authorizing tho distribution of the surplus, This i ill i in a I ion was received with such a burst of laughter, as made Mr. Speaker start up and rap vigorously to order with his hammer. i he Mouse went into committee of the whole on the Deposit Hill. I was glad to see Sutherland in t lie chair. I bailed the circumstance as an earnest that the bill would be pushed through before adjournment. The Doctor is worth a dozen of Polks. He actually galloped through the various sections of the bill, and disposed of the amendments with equal promptitude. He had reached the thirteenth section before one o'clock. Had Mr. I'olk been in the chair, that point would not have been arrived at in thrice the time. It is not necessary to occupy any portion of your columns with the amendments which were lost. Up to the 13th section, it seemed to be the determination of the friends of the measure to pass it if possible, without any alteration, so as to prevent it from being sent back to the e nate, where it might be delayed. There ap peared to be a general apprehension among them, that the President would apply bis veto; and with reference to that, it was important to send the hill to him as soon si possible to morrow, opancVi day at the farthest, lest he might put it in bis pocket and make no roturn of it during (he present session. Just at this stage, however, it was whispered about, that Anthony, of Pennsylvania, had an amendment to offer, which, without making any material alteration in the bill, would render it acceptable to the President. It was even said that the amendment came to the House, from the Palace, and was in the handwriting of Mr. Donalson, tho President's privato Secretary. This caused as you may imagine, a great deal of stir. Mr. Anthony rose and explained at length the points of difference between his amendment and the provisions of the original bill. As this was given in full, in the regular reports in the newspapers of to-day, I will not copy it. The friends of tho bill among the opposition members were, at first, rather disinclined to go for it, although they did not regard it as an alteration of any importance; but tho supporters of the Administration, who were also disposed to save the bill, were so anxious lor it, and made so many protestations that it would certainly piss tha Senate, and make tho measuro agreeable to the President, that our friends yielded, and left the matter in tho hands chiefly of those whom Cambreleno and his little faction are now crying out against as re creants from the principles ot the Administration. After a long and animated discussion, Mr. Anthony's amendment was carried by a vote of 125 to 81. A number nf uniinportnnt amendments were offered to the fourteenth section, but they wore rejected; and the committee roso, and ro ported the bill to the House. Considerable discussion arose on tho motion ol concurring with the coinmitteo in the amendment oflercd by .Mr. Anthony, but it was finally adopted; and the bill was soon aftor passed by an over whelming majority. Tho Scnato took up the bill to-day; and .Mr. Calhoun moved to concur in the amendment adopted by tho House. Mr. Morris spoke strongly against the amend ment, principally because it created, as he thought, the relation of creditor and debtor between the General Government and the States. Mr. IIi'ciianan was of opinion, that the original provisions of tho bill were preferable to the amendment; still he would, for the sake of har mony, acquiesce in the alteration. Mr. Calhoun thoueht there was no variation in tho principle, although the phraseology was changed. He believed that no Secretary or the Treasury would ever call for tub money. (Ho might havo added, that thore would be great difficulty in getting it, ( ven should it be called for.) lie thought that whatovor'-difforonce there might be in tho languago, this wouiu oe tne construction.Mr. Clay said, that tho amendment had a great advantage in one respect: it imposed a restriction whereby upon no State would a call bo made for more than ton thousand dollars in nny month. Although thoro was no substantial difference between llio two propositions in other respects, yet, as the amendment was said to satisfy the constitutional scruples ontertainod in certain quarters, lio thought it ought to bo acceded to for tho purpose of giving satisfaction and quieting consciences.Mr. Clayton, who was absent when the bill passed tho Senate, took the opportunity to express iiis approbation of it, and his conviction that the amendment of tho Houso was better than tho original provisions of tho measuro. Mr. White started an objection, which, however, ho withdrew afterwards, as the bill required the distribution to bo mado to those States which would, by law, authorizo certain agonts to receive it, thoso Statoa whose Legislatures might not be'in session at the time of the distribution, would suffer some inconvenience, and perhaps loss. It was explained, in answer to this, that no State would be held to have declined receiving the amount to which it was entitled, until after her Legislature was in session for a reasonable time. Mr. Morris repeated his objections, and de nounced the measure as a thousand times more dangerous than Mr. Clay's land bill, or Mr. w rioht s proposition to invest it in stock. He declared he gloried in separating from the friends with whom he had sided when they went tor such a measure as this. The question was then taken, and the amendment was concurred in. The ayes and noes were not called; and I could only distinguish three voices in opposition thev were those ot Wrioiit, Den ton, and Morris.' The announcement of the concurrence of the Senate gave great plcaeuro to the friends of the bill in the House. The Cambrelenos, Vanperpoels, and McKeons all those who aro identified with Martin Van Bjjren are violent in their denun ciations of it. May not those who are so much interested in the Magician's elevation, have some q n it i n s of consciousness that the Depoiit Bank will not be able to meet the demandi upon them ? and that such a pressure may be produced as will touch every man in the part of keenest sensibilityhis nurse 1 and create such an excitement as may tend to defeat the hopes of the Executive nominee I Tins, at least, is a common opinion hero. Tho bill makins appropriations for harbors was taken up at tho usual hour in the House, and is still under discussion. The Senate had under consideration the bill altering the time of meeting and fixing the day for the termination of the second session of each Congress, which lias been veined by tho President; after some discussion, it was laid on the table. Y. L. From the Ohio Review. " An act to prevent the re-dection of Thomas Ewing to the united states .senate." According to this bill, to which I lie Van Bore n parly prefixed the title of" Apportionment Dill." five Harrison counties, with a population of 21,250, have but four Represeotatives, while six Van Iluren counties, with but 'Jl, 1(1.1 inhabit ants, have ten representatives. Such open, bold, bare-faced fraud, to secure a Van Iluren senator, cannot fail to call forth tho indignation and arouse to action an abused and insulted people. Anti-Van Burks. Population. No. of Reps. Muskingum, 6.3 1 6 Ashtabula, - 4,01:1 Cuyahoga, - - 8,921 Champaign Ac Logan 5,0011 21,250 Population. - 3,062 . - 4,6110-. 2,460 . . 2.8:15 - - 2,4!)0-. 5,920 - Van Buren. Perry, - - Knox, - - Holmes, Morgan, Monroe, Columbiana, No. of Reps. . - 2 . 2 - . 1 . - 1 . 1 . 3 10 21,303 From the Wheeling Times, June 21. A DEAR WHISTLE. On Friday night last an attempt was made to rub the great Western Mail between here and Zancsville, at Washington, Ohio. The attempt was successful so far as the newspapers being transported on that rout were concerned. The robber succeeded in getting the newspaper mail, but ss the other was in the front boot by the driver, be was obliged to decamp with the spoils be had obtained. He drew it to the top of a hill, where ripping the bag open, lie appeared to have been utterly "disgusted" with the prize, as he was not then in search of newt. He accordingly treated the elluaioos ot the press with great indignity, scattering Ihem to the four winds of the earth, aod there leu thcin. On Saturday the Mail bag was found. Yes turday morniog a man calling his name Smith, was taken upon strong suspicion, and commit ted toiail. the prime cause of his apprehen sion was the fact, that he bad made too free with the silver spoons of a gentleman that lives near here iu Ohio. Largo quantities of counterleit money were found on him. Other circumstances tend to confirm Ins guilt, and he is accordingly lodged in jail awaiting his trial. MARRIED At the residence of Mr. Bailhache,in Columbus, on Lord's day evening, June 12, by the Rev T. R. Cressev, Mr. Milton B. Cushixo, Merchant, late of Putnam, O., to Miss Mary B. Smith, lots of Boston, Mass.; all of this city. Boots rind Shoes. 1 .10 ROXES BOOTS AND SHOES, suitable Tor Summer and Fall wear, juit received and for isle, at wholesale and retell, by W. KEITH & CO. N. B. Country Merchants are tnvlled 10 call and eiamlnc Ihem, before buying. June 28 Notice. ALL persons indebted to the estate at THOMAS J. V. HART, decerned, Inle of Columbus, are requested to make Immediate payment; and all persons hnvinf claims aisles! snld estate are requested lo present tliem, legally authenticated, within one vear. Tito undersigned will attend at Ilia Inn of Mr, J. n, Rosa, In Columbus, on Ilia 30th. July, for the purpose of receiv ing claims, ate. June 28.. 4w O. w. HART, Admr. Richmond (Ind.) Woolen Manufactory, (R. BUCHANAN, AOENT, CINCINNATI,) WILL have on hand at all llmea n large supply of JEANS. SATINETS, rl.AMNEI.tl, AND LINrlEVS, fur sale at mo derate pr'cea, and on liberal credits. Orders from abroad promptly attended lo. The highest market price will tie paid In cash, for IPeel. June 28- :1m Union Village Stock. TUG auherrlheia have for ante from fifty to one hundred full blooded English rattle, of Ihe most approved brceda, from one hnlflofull hlooileil abort horned Durham; llio other pnrt of Hoi derni-sa and ration Importation. We have been for twenty or thirty yeara Improving our stock, and carefully selecting and crossing the hrecda of the best atrnins of imported cattle for milk and beef, tome of the real milkers of lhe Holdernessstoek have given IS gallons of milk per dny. We can aafely recommend our Block to any who wish to go Into breeding caitle or Improving their stock. Those wishing lo purchase, will And It to their Intereresl to call soon and eiamine the stock. u. Bovn, I . J. JOHNSON; j As""-Union Village, Warren county, Ohio, June 38. 3t. Strays. TAKEN up by Daniel Landon, of Blendon, In the county of Franklin, on the 15th day of May laat, a WHITE MARE, sup- nosed to be twelve yeara old, and haa the pole-evil: appraised at twenty-live dollars. Also, s DUN COLT, supposed lo he one year old last aprlng, anlp on lhe now, both hind feet white, ap praised at nftnrn dollars. Joseph Clapham, senr., and Hiram Dickson, appraisers. June 38., St A true copy: fl. W. HART, J. P Ten Dollars Reward. THE shop of the aubscrihors wae entered on the night of tbe 22d Inst., and the following articlea atolen: One nun lilnrk tirnad cloth frock roat and pnnls. The coal Is double hreaslrrt, porkcti and skirt faring of hlark Circassian, snd lined through tbe hotly with tbe same, and prunell buttons. Tho pants are double falls, with front welts, black mettle hullona. with eyes. Also one large sited Jeans dress coat, blue mixture, pockets In the skirt, prunell buttons. There were severnl other shops entered the same night, and varioua articles atoten.auch aa straw bonnets, shoes, and liata tinflniahnd. We will give Ihe above rewsrd for the articles described, or In proportion to the amount recovered Columbus, June SSth..Jt, L. McCt'Lt.OLir.H & DON. SPEECH OF MR. HAMER, OF OHIO, n House of Representatives, May 9, 183(5 On the Dill authorising appropriation for a lurvey and exploring expedition lo Ihe South beat. Mr. Hatnor said ho concurred, to a great extent, in the views of the ircntleinan from Vir ginia, (Mr. Patton,) who bad just taken his seat, lie was of opinion, and bad so expressed himself the other day, when this subject was before the Mouse, that each Department of the government ought to act independently, and upon its own responsibility. Each branch, whether Legislative, Executive, or Judicial, ought to manfully meet and settle every question presented to it, without attempting to slirintc Irom us duty, or to shift responsibility from its own shoul ders upon any other department. The Senate had lliusacled in reference to this subjec t; whilst the amendment now proposed by Ihe committee on Naval Affairs of this House referred (he whole question to the discretion of tho Presi dent of the United Slates. He had as much con (idetice in the wisdom, intelligence, and patriotism of the Chief Magistrate, as any gentleman; but hi thought we ought to decide this question ourselves. Ho, therefore, preferred the original amendment of the Senate to the modification of our committee. He had, however, conversed with several friends of the appropriation, who seemed inclined to acquiesce in tho present amendment, and he should so far yield to their wishes, as not to interpose any strenuous opposition to the views of Ihe Naval Committee. If a majority of the House were disposed to adopt it in this shtpe, he would not insist upon the original proposition. Ho was the more inclined to yield to this amendment, because he believed the effect would be procisely tho same. Tbe expedition would be sent out under either provision. The last seven years had shown, Hint under no pro viotis administration had maritime interests been more kindly cherished and thoroughly pro tccted than Ibcy had been under the caro of the enlightened and patriotic Chief who now pro-sided over tho Executive Department of our Government. He, who had been always al ve to the interest and the honor of bis country, would be neither insensible to the advantages of this expedition, nor slow in tbe execution of a trust reposed in bis discretion. This measure had been objected to as novel and extraordinary in its character. Gcntloinen had not examined tbe subject, bo tliuttght, who made these objections. Almost every nation iu Europe bad, at one lime or other, Bent out similar expedilioos. France, England, Russia, and Prussia, as well as several of the secondary na tions of Europe, bail authorized such expedi tions. Ho would gn no further back than the voyage of Christopher Columbus, who had three hundred years ago discovered a new world, and conferred such important benefits upon the whole hitman race. His was by no means the first voyage of the kind; but from that day down to the present, similar expeditious lor discovery exploration, and survey, both by sea and land had been set on foot by Ihe civilized nations of tbe old world, and had in almost every instance resulted most beneficially, nut only to the an thors. hut to tho whule family of nations. The information thus acquired was thrown into the commcn stock. It was published lor llio bcnelit of all; and no nation was mora ready lo seize upon tbe results of these discoveries and turn them to Us own advantage III an ourselves. II was known to every man who had examined the subject, that our mariners were navigating lhe ocean, almost exclusively, by the aid uf charts furnished lit by foreigners. The immense amount of wealth daily flowing into our country from foreign commerce, owed its security, amidst the angers of the great ucep, to me iniorinatinn we Had uerivea irom me explorations aim sur veys made by others in former times, as well as in ine present age. iiiccspt-uiiii'ii . vol, therefore, nor is it at all extraordinary. It had been pronounced a visionary project and one crtntlcman had compared it to an expe dition to the moon. He was surprised to hear gentlemen indulge in the use of such language. I hey surely had misapprehended llio meaning of lhe term "exploration, as used upon tins occasion. The expedition, so far from being visionary, was one of tho most practical kind that could well be imagined. It was sent nut. not so much to discover new islands and conti nents, as to explore and examine those which were already known. It was in a great tnea sure to collect information and embody it iu such a form, as would enable our hardy and en terprising countrymen lo navigate thoso sens and to prosecute their labors in safety. If any orcntleman, who entertained such opinions, would look into the documents upon our tables, connected with the subject, he woiiM he con vinccd I hat it was one of llio most practical affairs that had been proposed during tho pro-sent session of Congress. It bail been asked for by practical men, and recotntnen ed by many who had themselves sailed in thoso seas, and were personally acquainted with the imminent perils which had to bo encountered in such voyages. Theso men wero not liko to be carried away by wild and visionary schemes; and when the measure bad their decided approbation, it would bo well for gentlemen to pause before Ihey gave it an unqualified denunciation. Some gentlemen seem to question our constitutional authority to send out this expedition. Ho bad no doubts upon that atitijcct. 1 lie power was to be found in that clause oil 1.0 const it ill Ion which allows us to regulate coinmerco with for eign nations and among tbcsoveral Stalos. It was under that clause ol tho constitution, no said, that we now hnd Mr. Ilaslor, with his splendid apparatus and iciciiiificcorx, engaged in surveying Ihe whole maritime const of the nation. No one doubted our authority to do this; and llio most important nod useful results wore likely to follow the surveys. Among others, he would name the recent discovery of a channel at the cily of New York, about two (ect deeper than any one known lo the oldest inhabitants, or to the most experienced and skillful pilots upon that const. It was under this clause of the constitution those surveys wore progressing; and if we bad a right In survey and note upon charts, tbe channels, tho rocks, quicksands and islands along our own coast, because our vessels were engaged in navigation among these dangers, why could we not make similar examinations, with the same object, in any seas which were frequented by our vessels! In principle, there was no difference. The safety of our commerce was tbe object in each case; and the mode of affording that safety was not varied. We had never sent out such an expedition upon tho ocean; although our public vessel were instructed to collect all such commercial information as mieht fall within the ranee nf their observation, and lo preserve it for tbe pub lie benefit. Hut wo had had several such by land to lhe e-rcat interior ot this continent. Evert crentlcittnn would recollect 'tho expedition ol Lewis and Clark to tbe Rnckv Mountains. What was llio object of that expedition! It wasti acquire information with rceaird to an unknown recion of country; to open an intercourse with the natives; to ascertain the natural resources of tbe country, and lo promote the interests ol science. Ry reference to tha instructions which were drawn up by Mr. Jefferson himself, it would be seen that Ihey were to notice the soil and face of the country; ils vegetable productions, especially those unknown in the Unit.ed Slates; and the present races of animals, as well as remains or accounts of those supposed to be extinct, were deemed worthy of observation. The mineral productions of every kind were to be noted; limestone, coal, salt-pctre, salines and mineral waters, remarking tbe tem- parature and character or the latter, were all commended to their notice. To thesrj were added volcanic appearances, climate, rind the proportions of clear and cloudy weather; rain, hail, snow, ice, and frost, at different seasons; particular birds, reptiles and insects; and the latitude and longitude of important plf.cee. Thev were further instructed to lio.id inter course with tbe natives, and lo impress them with tho position, extont, character, pcaceabla and commercial dispositions of tho United Slates, and of our inclination to hold friendly intercourse with them. Such was the directions given by that great and good men, Thomas Juffersin. The expedi tion which he sent out was exactly aucn a one as wenowproposo tosond; except that ona want llllo a Wliuerness almost entirely uunnuea tor our people, and tho oilier was to go into seal that were partially unown to mem, n n true, hut whoso rocks and reofs were not known, ei ther to our navigators, or to tliose of any otbar nation. The institutions to Long, in ltTO, were similar to tliose given to Lewis anil Clark. Indeed, Mr. Monroe refers to tbe instructions given to them, and directs .Major liong U Di governed by them in his tour. The expedition of Mr. Feathers tonhaugh, the geologist, sent out to Arkansasduring tho last year by our Govern ment, was instituted for similar purposes. The practice of tho truvernment naa mere-fore privet! a construction to the constitution, such as wo now claim for it. The right to inako these explorations, both by sea and land, had been claimed and exercised in numoroua instances, and the authority to make them could not well bo doubted. At this moment, whilst we were discussing tho question, Mr. Hasler was executing char'.s from the materials he had collected along our coast during tha past sum mer; and it would bo a most singular position to assume, that although we could require him to survey and note all the reefs and islands within sitrht, or within one hundred miles of our coast, becattso the couiin'jrce of the country was carried on through th'.s space, yet we coma not send him, for tbe same purpose, to another part of the ocean, equally occupied by the public armed nnd private merchant vessels of th United Slates. The ocean was the common property of all nations; and each had an equal right to navigate its waters. Every part of tha ocean was within our jurisdiction; and we had the same authority to mak'j surveys in the South seas that wo had to make them along our own coast. Wherever Ibf; commerce of tbe country now exists, or is likoly to be extended, we have the right to send protection and information. It is for these purposes that we annually send vessels and squadrons into the Mediterranean and other sens, Ueaiing tbe national colors, and demanding national respect. How then could a distinction be drawn between this case and one which limits lhe surveys lo our own shores! Such a position was wholly indefensible; and he would dismiss Ibis branch of the subject without any further remarks. If wo had the power, then, lo rend out tha expedition, lot us inquire if it be expedient to do so. ho is to be benefited by it! What portion of the country d.isires it! If the interest of any comiderablo cla w of individuals require it; or if it be necessary lo any considerable portion of our common country, having the power and the means tu accomplish it we ought to do it ithout hesitation. We owe protection to all classes ol our citizens, tar:.! to every pi7t cf our country; and this urotcctiun should be af-'ordad, not only freely and impartially, but it should be extended tu each one accordiug to his own peculiar wauls and condition. Ho did not believe with some gentlemen, that one great object of an American statesman was to get as iiiu.-li money as possible out of the publio Treasury, to bo expended in Ilia own region of country, or among bis constituents. That principle would render our legislation littlo else thin a pitiful scramble for the public money. On tha contrary, he viewed this great republic as one and indivisible. Ho did not look forward to a day when it would bo split up into a number of confederacies; nnd iu onticipatii-n of such an event, busy himself to get as much as .jossible of tha common funds appropriated to his section of the country in advance. Ho held that no maa, or set uf men. could dissolvo this Union. The great maps of tlio American people wero devoted to it, nml thev would not permit its dissolution. Ho did most sulcntnly believo, that, if it were dissolved to-day, in less than thrco months me peopis would have another Constitution formed, and in full operation; and they would politically destroy any man or set of men who should attempt to prevent tho re-union. Tho country waa made to be united; tho people felt it to bo their interest to remain so; and ho would repeat what he had before slid, f hit this country was one and indivisible, and would remain so for generations to come, in spite nf all the cllortsof soliisli, designing, or disaffected politicians, to smltico tho people from their allegiance or to weaken the attachment they owed to thoir common country. Viewing things in thie light, lie had uniformly voted for whatever appeared to him to bo required in any part of the country. Appropriations often seamed to be of local character, nnd wero so in some respects; yet, when properly considered, they were of national character, and of general utility. Thus, a custom-house in llultimore. New York, or ltoston, belonged aa much to him and his constituents, as it did to the persons who resided in those cities, or lo the gentlemen who represented tlmn on that floor. They wero necessary to aid in the collection of the revenue which supported tho Government; and they wero placed nt those particular points, becauto it was most convenient for the commercial community, nnd for tho wholo people, that they should be thus located. So of navy yards, light houses, forts, ursenils, dock yards, and harbors. They wore all national: thev belonged to his constitu ents as much as to any one else; and he voted for thoircnnstruction and improvement witn the same hccrfulnessnnd liberality that he voted for an ap- proprialinn to rmnnvo obstructions from the great rivers in tlio Mississippi Valley; to improve the harbors upon tho great inland seas of the North- west; or to fortify nnd dctena tne western ana Southwestern frontiers. When he voted for such appropriations for tho Atlantic coast, he did not I' ttl that lu was mnlt'ng n donation to the 8tates mill cities on this side of the mountains; nor did ho believo that any libnr.il minded statesman alonirtlie seaboard thought, when ho voted forex-pondilurcs beyond tlio mountains, that he was giving away nmiu'V to tlio West. Such viows wero "narrow and illiberal. Tho only truo rule was, to give whatever tho public interest required, it any nnd at every point, interior and exterior. There could, then, bo no just causa of complaint; snd llio industry ond enterprise nf the people, aided by such appropriations, would produce general happiness and prosperity throughout all our Borders. Recurring, then, to the question propound,