Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1849 : Weekly), 1850-08-06

              ' J VOLUME XL. COLUMBUS, OHIOTUESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1850. NUMBER 49.' P I' It ,1H II :i KV1.H Y 'IMIKtMlAY MOllNlNU, BY MMITT A" IIAHCOAI. Ui'KUM: SOl'TH KAST CHUNKS OK IHUH ST. AND SI'QAS AI.l.KV. TlilOIS liiviirlnlil) III mivitiirr. Wfi'k v tier wmlim In rolUTiilnii (ui ul tin- city ; liy mail, 'I'm' iibri oi tour nrul hiwsnU 'I'm nhsol' ten niul iiiwnnU, U one mltlre Dnilv, rtNiim Tn VVeer.lv, '! WH i1 .1... Hlhlllrt Tn dub al' ttvu nmt npWHnU . 1 r.o . 1 Si , 1 IMI . a on . I HI) 411 'lb- Jci.riml is also mlli,li.vl I '.ly nii.l Trl-WeeKiy uunuK in.: T.'ur: Dnilv l.'T annum, ly uisii, ; inTu mj, - Unlet f Advertising-Weekly I'nner. One Aipiiuv, ID line ur less, imi! m-iiUon ii u i. rnrhiiilililiouiil " i ii " 1 mmilli ' 12 " " " chniicphtili' rnuiillity, jut annum .1 i. weekly " 11 .... tnmliii( mini, tuie square or less, " '4 cvliuriii,rlinii(,'fi)lcilrtiTly," " " " " !' " I . , 1C IMI ..-.iti IMI ..an mi . .) IK) ..1011 00 Othrrrases not provl.le.l for, rliarge able m conformity with U.e " AhY-nili'iln BNuve run", unit iiieiifui ti h nin. . , Adverti.uim.t.1 on V uiHide exiliisively, to 1h charged nltlio nil.! ill' tut pi-r cent, in atlvHin r mi th'- above rli 'I t ESDAY KVKNINti, JULY HO, 18'JO. U lio ih It4 SMHisi!h' for the Al)oiii'ii- 1111-III I v. When l)n; Convention adjourned, th'-re wus a desire mi tin- jmrt. of immy, pei'lmps must, uf the whig mnn-hers, thut tlio fuel til adjournment should nut bo used m ii ihi'tue for party wnrl'rim. This, wo umleiMood, wn ncciisiom d, partly, by their general desire lo preserve lilt: character ami deliberations of that body irom ihc evil ell- els of partisan intluoiic-s ; nml, partly, from Hi,. Hitiuii t' lint majority in thai body, many of whom Wen- candid ami juNt null anxious to perlnrin, in ii ober and decent manner, llu-ir wln.lt) duty to the State. With thin wiidi tni llu-ir part wu cmit urred, nml tfli'inlil hiive ciiid Utile tin lliii euhjecl, hut lir Hie luul-ish and hitter coum' puiHiit-d hy ntherit. Thf-nt wm a little l:md i.l'niditnU, ilitmulivM( ur red repiihluaiifl, in licit body, wlm are jnnlly i;liarf,'i.-tibl with rt-inh i inf.' uit ailiiniriiiiieiil nerenmiry. They cnuld not curry their fiwn party ahm with tlu-tn, hut wi-ns Hiitllciently nn-inenmH and lem.lute to prevt-iit tins .tlu-r -purl of lh Citiiventioi) IVnin acetHiiplirtli'ni'; iuwork. lhil Inr tlicne men, tin- work u' ilm Cinivciititui niifhi havo been done, ami well done, in nixiy dnyn. It wan Iheir pur-illy avowed, not merely In in alt n u Ctmtliiti-tini, but lo do a ".nod deal o' uiily Icji'iHltiti.-u. ami ithike it peiinaiuuit. They welt dutemiitied to ludil luck, mid Hliivo i. IV, and protract, until iheir elidscoulil he tii eoiiiplinhetl. Take, lor iliHtniire, the nuiiinitlee on llniil.in, whi. h whh in their rotitn.l i and ii wu 1 oI.mu ved, at the very niiim-i, that the l'r Hident ul' tin-CiiiiVehlion luiil iieu (he nidit a!. (frnit adMint.iu'eM in the l oiinlrnrlioii of llu) toniniilteeH. The toiiiinitlec nu H inkniL' wonhl imi report nt all until alter llu-ir I'll of July Siate I,oi oo( i) Convention i ami wIkii it did report, it reported nu-n ly an erho to that parly Con-Venliiiii.We rite thirt rtiiii.l an olio iiirttam t! when Hiey held buck the report ol nil imporl'iiit -oniiiiitl' until alter the loiirih of .Inly. Hy hiicIi niealiH whh the Onveii. lion provi nii'd Iron i lining iU work uniil luidKiiuiiiier, when hetit and fiitim- and I'mr of wiekneHH and olh--r causes, reiulered it next to inipt.-fihle lo do auytliiui: hut ndjoiii-n. It i not ho tii'i' h llu- fact they adjourned, n-t tin) delay mill oilier ninao rendering iiiljouruuient ; iiennn iry. of wlm li nreniml hIiouIi! bo lak' U. The llilth appear to he, that the editor of the Stati Hin ill (imi thoHe r.iibi';iNcoiiiilernltlieCoiiveiilioii their own pei(oii il property. ty n pr -fe retire for moh rule over whiu nth rt-r.-nilv avowed interiii, and lon exhibited ill nrliou the etreiltiMx have for two whiter broken up publii-order ami thrown nu imineiie nuioiiiit of publie p.itroiiii'e into llie liiiniU.it llnteditor. I. ihI winter there wan no end or limit to the amount of print-hit: ordered lor hi Ft b.-nelit. Tlu-rn never ban hern known iiitliF-Slat nm-h eiionuoiifl tpiiuiiilinpi nod slack" of tin uiiMit- to he printed. Altt.yetlu-r, froui irl to hif.1. w- eippo-.n h" hn been paid from the public Irea-ury hut 'i0,00 I The khih Jame win nt-'irmpli il ill tie- Cniiveiiliou, but less MMVeH'fui than In-denireil. The r.tdh-aU tlmmi lovern of tin , .ph were re.aly and Willinj.'; hut there Wi re too many men of rharm lei tie r.- to admit of l he pine's beiuL' played null eitliro mir.vMt. This failure put that in.hvi.lunl into a had humor, and h tt it'd to bully tho It'-porteraml Kef come iuImihIiil'i) in that way. In thin h" d-o failed, and win in a worno humor than he-tore, lie 1opm not reeo;lli.t) anthin n hmocrnr tlmt doe- not pay well; mid, a iln- radii . il rare h ulHi.tt the publie money, and nr.- willing t" pendinire lorm rxlreme len.;lhit an they are in every" Ihin .-Nr. lir in trih lliein, and tliem, awl for tln'in. Ml pull' tlii'in, and prai. H lh n id makes i .-nt men of them, ho far .nt lift, hi 'lo what the Almi-hly ftilrd to do; and in truth. hit rtVoitt in thin, nu in inont oilier ihniilH, an ohvioimly aeaiiMt ihewill of IohI. Ihit the objerlmtf hi- "illy i"ih.i;iet( atlah more value to then) than the publie iiem-rally, ami are willing to pay well out nl the public In aHiry! Here, then, hHhe dilli. nlty about Hie C.niveiitioii. II vn ohuoiifly iiiliMuh-d by a few in- ii for a muiiiai Hperuhition, in w hi. h noiih- men w -re to inako laine ami others iiioii' y -, hul lh lit mn el the p opr had no mi. h diif(ii. TIiuh we m-e hi a luh etlitn'ial of that fiv iy ethtor, a tdni Hide ihat he watt at :rea1 piiom lo -el up I he Coneiition, h ilil he hett'T piul ..r priiitin ; that the lie rim y in lo Infield r.-spoiiMbh- f..reerlhiugand may an well fl I- tl. r llie haul. This inivtiiH that the Bober men of Ihat pirtv mut iiii way. The r.idi"l are th-teruiinetl lo middle llie p,.ly with llu-ir erediloiit. nml Hoy hold out Ihit del i iiiuiatioii in tfiroirm loilrivi' men ol i har- at;l-riii' i then- mi- t n to n..ciitire their integrity. I heir jud:: it, their reputation iinion their neighbor, or run the ri-kof lo.iu' their Hituiiliiii; in iln-ir paity. Hen- in Hi. it parlv oin ni. whirh Ivi ren i'.eil on W'200.(HH lor public prinliii.', in alren.h (Miiplo)eil lo do all theCoiiv. iilionli.itl to do, at pi i. e-t iiuirh larger l what othelH Wollltl h ivedoiie il for, but mill .'lVt- il a a rr.H ttdde. The rathral would have ynen hiui inoi-e. Th' v have two winter putt broken ii the l.emiatme mid ttlull. tl lii rapu loiiH maw, an.l it in for hi interi Ht ilmt the Hkmoi ha. ..hoiiid nt-nfruiw ii" oilier kind of num. Ih' win ii. tive in K,,,,i,lK "I1 the Conve.ilion, nml wantn nmre pn. How inaiiv lime, ban 1m ihmwii it in llio teeth of llie Coiiveuliou tint ibev tin not (the hitu iuoik ' ei i;h. Ih' "tati.li ready to ohm., in far no he t all brand, any man win nilt '-ril v U ulul.horii, and ra-il him out of the p nlv . In ntirh a tttn f all'.iiit we do n -t know what the .,ol. re lo eo. i t. hilt we intend lllev fhall llitilei- Hio.d it. vine the privilege of wearing the tiiien puiiU mill cunt mid leaviit" oil' tho cnivut when pm-HOiial comfort do tuaiitls it ; ami wo hope o die ii will have tho good tfeuso to fru ami Io Uknvite. If we afe to be. hound (1 wli by lahion ; if it U uiToiuiHry to o buck to eriuined robea, ami jioinp, mid paniphenialia in order to Knctirn per sonal difjnity and roiect, lluui h-t iih umleriilami it, W the IMilttH of our people caliuol diittillguiull between pomp ami rx-ruiiiouy, m,d plain, simple republican dignity, ill n lei ii ii abandon tho theory of our govern me nt ut once, Let uw gmtm uwwig thujutlca, mid set up and wornlnp a kind of tpiatii Uoyalty, and throw itwny the wimple rupublit:mi inttoim of Fmuklin. Itul lilt-HH nu; Wo havu ttuid inure ihmi wt had U-t- l. d. Wt; aiorciineroly in say, that in our opinion, tho juduM in l'v York did a very suimihle, thing- W have no idea their iiiiiidn were nuy Iohh active, or that their imparity of decide between right anil wrong wuh in any way impaired hy aittinir in their hirt sleevr when tin- mercury stood !0 in tho nhadu. Wuslii iiKton CorrcHoiiiliice Tlie Country Tlie l'rt-nldrnt-The 4'nlilurt. Wahiunuion, July 1, 1850. Since my lat letter to you, mi nnnxpected and I'm-videnti.d event has covered tho nation with sorrow, and well-nij.li hrokeu up the great pnlitit-al lanil-marks which the geniuR of Za. hary Taylor wan laying laat mid dee.) in tho heart of Inn countrymen. The vast and Ht-iihtfd iiiiidiiuery of the Guvcrument nini- pvTlnil rtafo enough under the guiding hand of its ih limtrioii regulator wan in powerful motion, gathering its iieL-dhil uli.-iueiil at ont-.li sncceMBivo rovolulion, and proini-dhg Htrougth to enish whatever of tremtoii or aduesH might ilinist itwelf in the way. Hul here we are, mid Zaelmry Taylor is no more with us. The doaliuies of tho country are committed to new haiidn, mid tho " world i all h -fore uk," with its now scenes and now trials. Although the policy of the (ioverunient, in some par ticulars, miiHt of liecemity citation, and those friemlH of the late President, who looked upon hiui as a redeemer, mighty ami able lo carry the country safely through all lunger, tiuirtt h e n tliappoiutiueut, (here is no cause lor despair. The treachery of John Tyler wat a th-ur bought les son to ihe whig party one whirh they did not forget at tin! Chinese Museum Convention w hich nouiiinitrd . Taylor and Milliard Fillmore. U whn a point dwelt iiiou in that Convention; nml it was tleteniiined and cided that llie caiididnte lor tin second otlice in the country a hoi i Id bo one whoso heart heat truly with he grent whig heart of the Union, mid whose head was tpial to whatever emergency inighi happen. Much a man was nnd is Miij.aup Fm.i.xoki-:, llie Hiiccessor of (inn. Taylor. No lonime ran slamler his obilitv it h iinpresHt d upon the country and interwoven with her le-ilation ami prosperity; no pen can defame his Intruder Its purity in il own protector. At to iU judgment, Ihe cabinet which h- hart railed about him ill be in all future lime a Hiilticienl tmliinotiy. Speak- within therttricteNl bounds of propriety, there if not 'me til its number who could not till the Executive of. to it full meiiMij e of requirement and glory. There i nmie imeipial lo the task assigned. The cabinet ran add nothing to the Hint lire of Coiiwiv. lie will perforin the duties of nix nrw station without liii! Ih- in a burthen. The same tfeoius which raised hiui from llie humble position if wa-jon-boy to the proud einiiieiiceou which he so uurniiMrinusIy sits, will not have him there. His Mar is onward xtill ihe W Ali os Hoy never stops Hhort of his journey's end. J speak of Coi win, not as the property of Ohio, but as the prop. ly ol the Union. Ami so of Wkhbiku ami Chittkn- l) s. 1 hey tire till tiiniu urlenen ol the great liiwly Politic Httiuial oinews, bone nml muni e of ihrcoiiniry's II. me. Let ihe Whig party of llu- I nion look forward wilh hope, and puli on with igor. Its inisxiou anil ils destiny ran no ImiLer bo doubtful. The mad career ut piogresaive L'H oforoisiu has brought the country In the veiL'e of ruin. It has th-ran'M-d nnd abnosl do- troy ed the ctirrein v. It has broken ibuvn the tarill", ml by a league with IVitiidi in uiiilacliircrs litis re. lucetl ihe rrwiird of Aiivririiii labor nhnoxt to a level w di t i.U ol Ij .n.jM'iui i tup.-i'tt. It piling. l the rniiu trv into a nee. lies war wilh Mexico (or 'he a. ipiUiiton f more slave territory, creating n public debt of $ I."(!,. IHIO.DOU, and engeinliTing sectional nliife which now dirt it. iH rivi! w ir, nnd (tod knows what llieu. One I' the vital principles of l.ticofocoinu is that lawlcs thirst of iiripiisitiod which has brought the present troubles upon n; tiid it is the restraint of this subversive spirit tint the Whig pniy is to hold in r her k. icn. Jai koii. in tho private chambers of the While Hoti-e. i-oimived at Ihe unlawful expeditions for the nittpicnt of Tea- from Mexico, and Mr. I'olk pursti- ihe Haim- wa ked palicy, wi'h lumdioiis design. ironglil aoo ii tti" war wiut-n eicit-ti witu nu expensive ire, ami tin- p irrhuse, with gold, of New Mexico I (.'a ifornia. To wlut point another four years of coloi'iii-nii wouhl hive carried the country, 1'itivi- h lirr lia-t witel, ileterminetl Hot to lei IH klloW. CIVIS. Krotn Hie fpint ol llu- Time very Important 1-rlH-r IVoiil illrtv. I'lirliimioii Her l'iiiginiHM treat i'mim licm;fit CoHralrtctna: Tron'itc in t'ui-fn 1 7;iw HW'w'cr lhMutitm ot'fh I 'num lote Sniurninff t the 'ilhrnrt f,V lm W'ou'rie.ii litH-hi k'it Kiiocktnji, ie.t tVi I'd writ you al re, but Wan tuk Htk, nnd like ter In-d willi the ilie-'i-ri-ar unit disinterest in romiilaint. Til b.-an imi wadun with the Key. Mr. Snegins, ol arviu Ihe stirs in the fuiulaiiietit, and the II arrant ihIi f the lioiiev-"ui i. svveel svriugi s, I'ollv Aiitliuse ml Mary (ioohl.-, wilh tin- Hhiin-y comli-hnu of the moon, ken us up too l .te ; necks itav I went out in tin t still's rase, wm In nit in - p ira.-hute, ami like ter ht-used inleriuation in my brum. I sent f-r iMk'or Squills, and he sed my ch lueiitarv aiiawl wan ii'iteti lix, and my abominable ranawl whh in alio unliable bad tinier, and he giu me rauiomile n l il teidi-eii .i I vi ion, then liriim tl. aid s 1'ills ami thedr.ivr umbug s Company s in-ilsius, anil wound U .InstU e hi Mltirt M-vo. Some of the iiiduen in New link. us, uo in 4.I..I-.I.U- r..r ,t.,r1 til 1-4 bill Weill Id'. Illltl I'H'-l .ii ..tirl io lie ir ,-llirt tilet-Vt v The New .ii k Mir r.,r ia eieiiltv nliocked at Micll a lll'eacit of il nnd itrnds llielll n lecture oil their Walll of lllut Dill o eoiisid.-r that iuslire So neat ly nuked is nol worth luiviug. Ciii. t'hron. tun Afln If Ihoeh elioii of Judges hv the people hat the gi ell'erl lo tak- out of tin-Ill a lilHn iMinnlur.il nldttiess, anil t'n a little more common sense, we shall rejoice in N.-t the experiment tried in Ohio. We think the idea of k.-opiiiii up the dignity of the trade by rlothing one ' h "If in woolens from head to loot, with in rk-hiiu.lkrrrhief. mid llins, wilh the therninneier al ov-r !0 , lairly groaning under a load o iuiHirlauce, U aboui us silly business ns seinihlo men ran he uuiliy ol-We know we may be up-eltingMiine very k-mm! persoiis" sense of propriety when we approve the nlieinpt lo consult com fori, llm mine nqte. tally when it palpibly conllii-ts with faslllon. A prudent and ilcr.-nt re-aid lor Ih- proprieties nml formalities of lilc U commeinhi-hie. Itul even jnmi ol 'Ue has seen not I yet wes many thine that In im ll most decid- dlv on the comfort and convenience of our people of both Hee, and yet which is submitted to ami endorsed, h'-raiiM we are afraid to art ns we feel, and break the profound hon-dagn w e are umler to nrrrr p-optr' yr. In the vei-vh.it and nil ilortiible weather we are with all killiu misters and sodgi r water, until he p 'riiounccil nte etieiACMViii, LW'iery eiinviiieaeein ( Kit. 1 anil ilix is iiiv a ooev i.-r not wriiiu autre. Oil, inv: I in tn Hi ll a inigei iiooin uouuressi ine I'nioti will be iliH-MiLote, llo. 'fliers that Absolom man. H' uion, lieul on Inviu bin own weiidi, wirh Mr S'lL'L'in ses i iiil-Ii oiilo two hundred and I'dty, they all hiui ol. I Itilllioll, cailn hes tillers I ill I i V ill Some And lin n that lie ol Ctihebs bisins, and hue alleartl the shapes nml slurs our sweet Hug is in a calamus MIIIll-lU!l. I sun II L-Hii-powth r ill every blow ami breeze, mid we shatl hive tlititnhilv Sari:. -juts heal in drums and trumot-is al.o ul the Rln-el" uu in. I don't like litiu, anil new-fiishioat il I'is. olarian far sons ihat wear ('o-sarks, and has otb'n ulnr rouf ion, liny pit-tn b ab-nit M'tses siHlgerin forty years in the w ildcrue!., lutl I tl-ui i lielieve iisroniiu I Imnity l'i have " Whi-koyM I'miuI'tii -mil tlit ii l.ni.1 llumiri," rampiin up and down the hiiiioiv, nml rutliii tip rustn-s. Mohi s didn't do no film ni ter all, ihi! ss he lit the li "er in the wildt-rurns, l. r Ihe 11. 't I Sea made a rise nu 1'lniToaud swept him clean Mr. SlL'uiiis sen Clay ami Webster is the two pillers .f l.ihbety, hut I always HiouL'bt the pillcr o l.ilibety vva s'utled willi the le'liers ol Hie r.:lo ol I rcetlom, thai Mr. Chiton sent toCubehs to puriect the Woman' Island in istu rs. 1 hein lie ol Unliebs tellers hail best let W oman's hlaud alone, I unt to :oiiie ilown and see Mr. (iriy.lu's pair of Itochesler kmtrkers, as soon as I'm ellicieiilly ellerves-cent. They miy lliey'nt Kishes, and has got a fifth I , and an old she 1 1 Hesp. x ..r a rliamperoii, i-tnbly yours, S.U I V. As I'AKTI Sli 1tM . now having. We ll ive oft. ii seen persons, elollied Hi black woolen paiils, wilh hoots, v.t, ami black woolen coat, with Illicit, heavy cravats around their necks, swelling through the street, looking as red as boiled lobsters, anil teeliug just about n nforliible. Now. why does society impose such a burden upon nny ol us An we wive in Hiihmiltiiiu' to il r I i wisdom lo Mi riticr c-oiiitorl and lie dlh to looks, lo ple.isc those around lis, who care nothing for us, and who p. rhapt o'on'l know tin I We knmv ibis is ratln-r duugerous ground, and that there is much to he said aboiil it ; more than we have time to say this hot weather. Hul it ought to he talked bout, and thought alHiut. H't shall claim and axm Tin CutiNkT. We are gralili.d al the manner in whi. h Ihe u hers of Ihe new Cnhinet are received by the press. Thov nte all of lie in men uf ability, nnd the fact is iiiliiiittcd. Thev are, with one exrenlioti, men of ex- ih-i ieiii i. and this is slated. In the ure.it n-qnisiles of inind anil means, opponent and fiieu.l iek alikehere. The p,lir of llie President iu taking so many strong Whie. lioni the Senate, and ajip'-irilinir an tilticer Irmn his own Stale, is quest -d by s 1 heads (and we think with good reason) among his best friends. Hut the filnerlioii is limited lollie uobev. Mr. (,'orwiii and we musl reniemherhowever much we tuny thller. our public men are public properly is wai iulv gieeletl. Iloulils are eiii'es. il as io ins liuiess tor the place In- IihI.In. I he idea, ays tin' eWK Voile t'ott, of putting this man, with his imagination Im4 niitlm. Ids liuoior. amonu treaioirv notes and liiiuic cial taoles, 1 aosiini. in- wm inn meant ior o. hiio Ihe wish was general to hear cue of his inimitable speeches in; liiMt theConipr unse, ami in Invorol free .loin, e, wilh hit L'.-nial nature, lie may niikelhe 1 1- t of sin retarie, alhcM he h i to lignre orv ihe pub In- debt, nnd make timmcial lahh-s. We hope Ihe press, on all tides, will continue tn speak jusdy of onr public moil, so fir iih talents and tharae- ler lire coneer I, and then wle-u they deununrn or epoe, their voice will bo potent, and iheirt-onllirt on ener.ll politics n fair one. C'rMis True Omomtt. The railroad along tho Lake, from Cleveland towards DutValo, is soon to I put under contraat. lU:itLI l IVI VDHM't . To-nionnw, the winter term, or tmcitrt. of the Uni versity here rinses, and the 2,1)01) students will have a month's rest before the beginning of the next. Indeed they deserve it after their live mouths' session, fur more liiborioii and indefatrgublo students I never saw, thuu thertw studi-nls here, in which the nrotiortiuu is us groat as in any of our institutions. The strange ideas wnicn wo iu America have drawn from such works as llOWItt's llIIJIl(ieriiiitii Klndioif.bl'M urn tin tnorft strRIH7i than incorrect, so far as I cuti judge from u residence i otia lerni in iionn ami anolliur Hi Uerlni. Mowitl's ook in a source uf ureal Inn lo the students hern, nnd mougu iii sut ii oi tne universities as are situated in little, Ollt-of-the.wav nhii'es. wlmt-o tho utoibmtM nr. tlirown upon their own resources for amusement, there nuty Htill be found some ground for his descriptions, I have not been lortuuute enough to find any thing to distinguish the members of the Uerlin University, us n class, inun those of Harvard, except the extraordinary thoroughness and depth with which they un throiiL'li wiui wnuiuver uraticu ol loiimmg lliey unuorlaKe. This however is not afniniO' wl out. relle.-ln muni ilm tliorouohness of their trmniuL' In the comiiioii school mid Gymnasium, und takes into consideration the fact that tlio student hero takes ttme enough, I should think that tho age of graduates from the professional schools hero, miiHt average nt least three years higher than with us, und as to the rigor uf tho exuinitnitiotis to which they are subjected, there is no comparison. In the circle of my neqiiaintiiure, both in Honii and hero, have Ini-n young men hist from the Civmnnsia. anil those who were just tiutshiiig their studios in Theology, Lmv, r diciue, nml Philology. With those just entering ami ihose just leaving, Latin seemed lo bo alike familiar, and generally it seems a matter of inditl'erence whether a bunk he in (iornnin, Latin or French. Latin is not learned as an accomplishment, but us something to bo of every day use. and iu the few inst'inrus whom I have met with hoys just entering upon the study uf it, i iiooin uiai iney were required in lenrn to speaK it. My landlord in Bonn was a locksmith, and Ins son, some 24 or 2, years of ace, who has only had tho nd- vantages of the common scho. I and Gymnasium in that place, was always ready, spite of his blackened face and hands, widi Latin ami I rem h tn help in any dilli. cully iu understanding my monthly hill, or oilier equal-ly important unit ter. I wus speuking wilh a student, on Monday, upon (his topic. Ho told mo Ihat iu his Greek reciiutimis iu the high school, for two years, all the tro n-d at mi is and all the conversation nl therecitation-room wero iu Latin. It is a common opinion with us. that this k no win I .'i- of Latin and Greek is acquired nt the expense of gen- j crul information. 1 thouuht so mvself a vonr since, but am convinced that we do tho students here injustice in : tuts respect a year lias removed a vast heap ot preju-, (ice. i ne inct u, trout Ins first entry into school, until leaves the I'uivorsitv. a hov learns evrrvlhimr thor. oiighly and systematically, thus acquiring ' llie art of acquiring," to a degree which it is to bo feared is sel- it -in tniimi among ns. Those stutients with whom I have horn thrown in contact, certainly prove how well deserved are encomi ums lavished upon the 1'riissinu svslein ol education hv rof. Stowo, iu 1h:I7. nml by Horace Mann, since. 1 That hurrowiim in the holes and dark corners of old and musty literature, for which the German is so often laughed at, tiriHcB ol uecesslly Irom the prevalent systems of llieolo!v ami law, ntitl from the minute suhdi-vinioii of literary lalor. in a country so densely populated, and where the learned clas is so very numerous. Hut with all their black-letter knowledge, I have never teen such amateur musician and painters as among these young men. I have in mind at this moment a student of law, who might with honor lei ture on the ivil law in Cambridge, or haiia un his nictiires iu the Athemi'um Gallery. Un looking over the Lecture Caluloimc for the next term, I lind the number of professors, ordinary and extraordinary, with tht! private teachers, amount to one hundred and sity-six, divided ns Ibllows; (Jrdinary 'mtesfors id Theology, live, anions whom tho names tit Neatidrr, Heit'istenherg, and Nitzsch, will sound fa- miliar to you, especinlly the lirsl, that of the author of the " Hi-ttory of the ..hiircli." Neander is a converted Jew, one of the oddest anil most absent-minded of old bachelors, but with a h.-art overflowing wilh kindness. I he I'rotessori extraordinary of Theology, are nUn live in number, and there are six private teachers. In the lical department, the number are resin-ctivelv thirteen, eight and seventeen. In that of I'hihmonhv comprehending Moral and Natural riuloMiphy, Philol ogy, mm the exact sciences, the tnimlier- are Ihtrty-two, tweiity-eiidit. and twenly seven. There are also four rolessom o ,oern Languages, one o Jenetng, one nl "Ung, and one of dancing ! The number ot courses ol lectures for llu- next temet- Ire uro given ns follows; In Theology, :t'J ; among which are, on tin- " History of the propagation ol Chris. liomty by ihe Kviiiig.-li-ds,' by Nitzsch ; " Kxplanation nt the A Hie alyp" " by HenL'stoiiber,'; ; Hcck'siastical History mid kindred subjects, bv Neander; oi Hie Old Testament by Hennry, also a converted Jew; Antiquities, hy ( hlmani:, He, v. The course of lectures Hi ,n w, Politics. ,Vc.( amount tn ati in number, many of which, of course, are upon the itoiunii or Civil law, though I do not see that any thing connected wilh jurisprudence in neglected. There are eighty rntiri.es of medical lectures, and to some of your rentiers the names if Camper, liiisch, L.liigeiiheck nnd Mil-tcherlicli, will probably be familiar, which occur in the list. Lecture n " Pure riiiloopliy," 2..; .Mathematics, 13; Natural .'hilosophy, Alt ; Political Kroiiomy nnd kimlretl topics, .'ll; History ami Geography, Id; on the Fine Arts, -.'(I; and on Philology, (il. Among ihe lecturers on these latter suhiecls, 1 iu ay mention Itoekh, Ib-kker, lloii. Gerhartl. (iriiinn, I'auolka, in l'liil--logv j Dove. Kucke, the two Hoses, Majtuis and Mito-herlich, in the exact sciences; Hitter, K oike. Lepsini, Ibiumer, ami I'nggen- hrf, in History, (leography, c The student hen has tint merely the advnnlage of the instruction of such men, known throughout the civilized world for their vast attainments, but he has coin mnnd, fiee of cost, of libraries and collections almost, iu many instances quite unrivaled. The libraries to which he has access, contain in the aggregate, nt least Hin.OOO vohnites The universality of l.ipicseinbtHcetl in these llectious, anil the extent tn which any one it piiri.net I in the gathering together of hooks, may perhaps be judged by one instance: Prof. Dehii (old me that the volumes in ins department ol the llovnl l.ilirarv. Unit uf Mimic amounted to Ml HOI I in number a number pud lo the whole ot Harvard (.'oil ego Library the lirsi in llu- I iiited Slates ! The medical student nml roologUl have free access to iiiniiense collections of anatomy, liiimitii and comparative, to the extensive zo ological collection. &c. Theru are large Museum of minerals. pamtuiL's, sculplun-uliuuiitiuuities. J he Mu seum of ancient Ktrust an vases is uneiiuHled in the world, ami so probably is the Kgyptian Museum, in which there it oven a temple set up which once Biota! uttui the banks of the Nile! Hospitals, botanical gardens, everything seems to be here which a man could nsk iu nil departments of science nnd art. 1 do not know what one would wish to study, ol winch lie can not lintl a teacher hen1 in connection with ihe llerlin University. 1 believe the language of the American Indians have no teacher, (hough l hardly dare say so. Hit llie catalogue 1 tint! Unit rrol. liopp teaches Hans en t, Prut. Lepsuis r.gy piian Hii-ioply phics, I "mi niuhr, Mythology of the Laps and f iniis, and 1'mf. th hot! lectures upon ami teaches, "l.tngmSami-lattorum nnd " (ira mal tea t.vigvttrm Mongniicir ft Lttimyi-tett. The stiith-tit when he conies hero has first to niatric ulate, which costs him ihalers, Prtusiau money, about 14 AO our moiiey. He then selects the lectures In- itiienils lo hear, ami enters his name as a nearer o them. Those lectures, which occupy one hour daily also cost fi 60 ihe term ; those occupying two hours daily, twice as much. Medical lectures cost more, on account of the greater expense attending them. What ihe tis.il 1 1 fee is Iu pronto teachers, 1 do not know. In chemistry, some acquaintances ot mine pay nUiut !l a mouth, lour hours a day, nut in their case merru-fes-or, as I un.lertnnd it, furnishes (hem the substan ces on which they work, lb-sides these lectures, to which thert- is a regular fee. lliero are liuiiieroiis coiir-sen of public lectures, llie only expense attending which is a payment of about l.'4 cents on entering the name. The expenses of the sliidenl must deiwMid, iu a good degree, upon himself, ami that any one curious in this nintter may judge, 1 will give some particulars. An American, hv coininil in a sailing vessel, can easily reach llerlin, by way of Antwerp, Hamburg, or lire-men, for less than Once here, his necessary ex penses will he for a.rooin, (alone.) 'A to 7 thalers, (n thaler yon can reckon ns 7.'t cents, m-ar enough tor our purpose,) ins irirfry or M-ir-oll will uruig noil every moriiiiig n " portion ol coll.-e, ami such breatl, hutii-r anil cheese as lie wishes. If he wishes for ougs or any ihing substantial, she will open her eyes, hut get il for htm and charge him the exm t cost. His dinners he will gel nt mi eating house, where ho will always lintl a bill of fare with each in tit le priced. ' ((oust beef, :t sgr." (7 its.) Puthrn," (mnst turkey,) A sgr. (Mlcis.) "Sal knrtollle," (boiled potatoes,) I sgr. (Jj cts) &e. Hy buying six lickets lor ti dialer, he wdl be allowed to eal so much as is on the bill until it amounts to i!4 or 7 s;r., (ilver groschen.) making his tliiinoi ainniltil to 1'. cents. At these tables lm will lind soldiers, merchants, slmleiils nu-n of nil classes in short. Killing up to HI or 12 groschen here, is equivalent to dining nt " Parker's," in Host on. A to supper, he can have a cup of lea or colter, c ill his room, or go to nil en I in u house. Washing costs nhoitt the same as with ns, ami lor fuel during rehruary, (wood tu a great earthenware stove, like a shower-bath in appearance.) my bill charges, me one llialer, 2li sgr., rather les than a dollar and n half. The whole loll for necessary boarding expenses, during February, for three of us, Americans, who live here near neighbors, nver- j aged not far from $lo. though the individual bills varied considerably. Hrrttn CorimfMniUnt of tke Bton I W.HrhmnH, Matrk 14, I Mall. Nicuratfua -iisH'oniliiioa ami Pro- That wiclrrlew years ago was regarded as almost a terra iitvgnitia is now beginning to awaken a remarkable intorest. Ib-joro the publiralioir of titephen's Travels, there wus little more known of Central Amer ica than of Central Africa. Now there is senrcely nuy portion of the globe towards which is directed more active attention hy statesmen, merchutili, nuvigators, colonizers and the students of natural science. This interest in greatly heightened hy the character of the treaty recently negotiated between the governments of the United States nnd Great Britain, which, iu all its hearings, is one ot"ttifi most important of any to which our government bus been a parly since the negotiation of that hy which wu recognized our national independence.lu regard to Nicaragua it nntural history, social condition, resources and future prospects and the proiocttiil inter-oceanic communications, wn read a short time since an nble and interesting article iu the National Intelligencer, from which we derive much valuable information. The connection of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by a ship canal g by railroad, has, lor the half century that it hat bean spoken of ami written about, partaken more of the charm of romance than of an attainable reality. It has uot, uniil within a tew yonrs pnst, come up before th world s coesider. atton, as a really practical question. The idea (iu the language of the article referred to) his never been any unng more than an iniemitiug engineering prottiem. Thut it could be eHerSed without any serious difiliulty, has, however, in the face of appearances to the contrary, now been placed beyond all doubt; and the actual point iu which projectors have failed has been simply in convincing the capitalists ihat it would pay. The discovery ot California with its vast stores ol mineral wealth has settled the (iticstiun of profits: and. in a much shorter titna limn molt persons are even yet prepared to expect, not merely a communication, but a i:hoico ot communications, is certain to be opened. Thee (savs the writer) will be respectively nt Panama and Nicaragua: tho former by railway and stt-amlMint iu the tirst instance, and ultimately hy railway entirely; the latter chiefly by steamboat in the first instance, ami ultimately hy ucompletocaiial both fur steamboats , it Bulling vessels. The I'unnma line is nrniiosetl hv Howland and As- pinwall, of New York. It is to consist of a railroad Irom Navy Huy, on tho Atlantic, to I'unauia on the Pacific, at an estimated cost of ft, 000. Of 10 or 1,000,000 sterlinir. At the commencement, however, a oortioo ol the road, consisting of about 22 miles on the 1'acilic side (from Panama to Gorgi.na,) will bo constructed and put into operation, ami tho rest of tho transit will ne t-ttected by steamers running forty miles on the Cliagres rivers, which is navigable at all periods of llie year for vessels of light draught. The whole work, it : is estimated, may that far be completed for 200.000 and the shareholders will be hi the receipt of revenue wmic me remainder u ijomg constructed. Ihe lull capital lor this portion has In-uu subscribed in New York; the entire line has been surveyed, uuil the gin- liugot tho distance from Panama lo Gorgona already -oniracted for at tho price of It KlO.imo. ( Hli.0.)i) ;'l which i within the original estimate. The grant to the company by llie republic of New Grenada gives them mi exclusive privilege uf forty-nine years, subject to a right of redemption by the republic at t:.e end' of twenty years, by the payment of 000,000 at the end oi thirty years, payment ot f 1.000.000 ; and at ihe end thrty years, on payment of $'.',0110,000. This privilege is to dale from tin completion of the rood, for winch ght years are allowed ; mid it is nccoiui mined hv n concession of exclusive harbor rights at the ports on ac'i side, and also Ihe necessary land throughout the ine, besides HHO.OUO acres ill Itrrootuilv. fur the tun noso of colonization. Tin- second line of enmmunienlinn, Tho ureal Indian diamond, llie largcd ill the world wilh the rXfi'iilioti of oite beliini-iim to the emperor of Hrnil, has been brought to Ktiglnml nnd presented tn ihe queen. lis weight is carats, nnd ils nominal vnluo I'J.OOO.OOO. Gov. Hoitnmn. of Mississippi, has been indicted for piriicipniing in the Cnbnii expedition. Now, if ii re new d. linitely arnuiged, is that of a ship canal, in mm iieciioii wiin itie lakes ot iMcurnguii. this is the line which is intended to be promoted by the treaty just negotiated between this government ami (treat Itritain. This work (says the same writer) promises nu onrlv commencement, and nlso rapid progress. On the 7 li i n August last a contract was maile Dt-lween llie Mate if Nicaragua nnd the Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company, of New ork, hy which all the exclusive privileges iiecessitry for the undertaking were conferred. According to tho contract Ihe canal must be completed within twelve years, unless prevented by for tuitous, oeciiriniices; and U(ion tailing of this stipulation, such part n nny have been constructed is to he forfeited to ihc State, The company agrees to pay the Slav $ lO.OiiO for the ratification of 'the rmitrarl, ilO, 1100 more auutially till the completion of the work: ami to make a domttioii of their tock to the amount of i.'OO.OOO. When bundled, the .Slate is to receive one-fifth of the licit piolii for twenty years, and afterward oiio-ipinrter. There is also a stipulation that it is to have ten per ceiil. on the profits ot any minor line ot oniinuillcation between lite two oceans which the company inn open -lining (he lime (hey mo engaged on Ihe gran., canal I 'u ill' oilier hand, ihe privileges bestowed are, not omv exclusive rights for construe dug the canal, but i h o the exclusive right of inland steam navigation ; grants likewise an- lo he made of ighl sections of land on the banks ol the canal, each ectioii to be six miles soiiare. The concession, us originally proHisid, was for eighty-five years, but has since been extended iu perpetuity. The lirt payment if if h 1,0110 dollars has already been made by the coin- my to mo iNinirngtin company. We have not room ativ lotiL'er to dwell up . n the de tails of these two magnificent projects. That one or both will event uiillv perhaps at a day not distant be timph-red, may he regarded as certain as that aueHi-ct lows its cause, " he tr nu tide ol emigration set ting to the inexliail'tible gold mines of California, mid the enlarging interests of commerce, us a consequence it Hp unprecedented accession to the mineral ciirrcu- :y ol tin? world, require Ihat mere should be a ready and easy communication between the waters ot the 1 lYiianiic ami i n. die ncniss ine narrow isiiiiinis wnicn .nnecls the northern and southern divisions of tin- con tinent. Consider the emigration to CnUlorma alone front ihe I'tiited S'ntet. t or more than twelve iimnlhs this has been li,H0 -r 7,01)11 each mouth, or at the rate of HO, m)0 per annum ; ami one peculiar feature of thai migration seems to consist m the Inct that, at whatever rate it may continue, il w ill always bo a title ot persons both going and returning. The operation of gold dig ging iisell is one which men are only disjmsed to pur- lemporat ily, so that each miner is content to return ami to leave his p1 n o to a new coiner. This was particularly exemplified during the hist autumn both the influx nnd ellhix ol passenger having been enormous; and Ihat the c libit was not caused hy tersnus who were returning in diiapwnntuienl, has been abundantly shown by Ihe fact of their n-npM'nrnni e iu the I idled .States not having led to the slightest diminution iu th" number uf llione who wen- still eager Iu emigrate. Then i consequently ground to calculate on a constant stream both -vavs. t if ibis there can lie no doubt. u long as tho mines of California continue, as ntpn-s-nt, (uuil tho supply is thought to lie inexhaustible.) to yield their rith at ores to the labor of the industrious ml enterprising. And the rapid I v growing commer cial important e of Oregon, most also Imj taken in view. ill consideration ot the causes whirl) inqtei ativeiy de ad the establishment ot n line ot communication hi-lworii the oceans. The earning out of both or cither one of the routes of Nil aragtin ami I'minnm will produce on tho destinies of the Central American Stntt s consequences that will astonish the world, if nnythiiig hi the growth nml hit- piovcmciits ot Ihe Anglo-Miixoii race on the Western Continent, could bunny longer regarded nionishiug. ,el us imagine wh il must lie tlio eltect ol an annual transit ol ,'i0,U00 or loO.OOO adventurous and well tn. formed pe .pie ilnoiigh n strip of country scarcely one hundred and liftv miles broad, commanding the ocean intercourse wilh Kuril' on one side, ami with Asia on the other, favo-able to health, nml altoiiiiding nt tho hii me t ine, owing to the inequalities of its surface, with every nntural product that can be found distributed elsewhere, he'wceu Scotland and the tropics, and an inipresive idt i ot its coin m a destiny, w II he awa kened ; but h-l iti fiance he curried fnith -r, to the pe riod of th.t oomp Hon ot Ihe canal, nnd then let it lie reinemlterr.l thM within this strip of land lie two calm, yet deep ami e 1 nstvo lakes, that se in, ns wo look upon them in the map, like huge natural docks in llie cen Ire of the world, intended to receive the riches of n universal cniuutrrrei nml in the rontenipl tliou uf what is yet tn he r-'ulicd, the mind will nltiutsi ln-at with impatience lot'tinst the slight harrier of time which yet renin in- beiween us ami its nccotuplishineiit. Wn are assured by those who have carefully explored Central A ricn that it possesses inherently nil tho essentials to altracl a dense and vigorous population; while, with regard to health, its varied productions give lite best i valance ihat whenever llie country shall he opened up by mads nml steambonts, nml all the lo comotive tippliaiices of uiisbirii science, there will he no condition of person who may not, by ordinary at tention to the natural taws, enjoy iu nils territory ail me physical power of which lie may be capable. Of the Stales, composing Central America, are Nicaragua, wilh an established population of '.'.iO.IIOO; Costn Kica. with it iwtpulnlioii nf 1 00.000; Halvotlor, wilh a population of 'JHO.Ouo ; Hoiidnrits, with n popu- In lion of :iti,0ii0: (iuatumnhi, with a population of tiilO.000. In --ii 1 1 of natural riches these various States posses llie most abundant resources, and yield niich rewards to industry as nre nniiosi iiiikiiowii in nny other part of the globe. Among llie products of the country are maize, wheat, nre, sugar, collee, rotten, silk, wool, tobacco, indigo, balam, cocoa, bannnas, mahogany, cedar, pit", fruits hi rent variety and entile in iiniurnc abundance, beidi-s, in some districts, 'siMtcintlv in die Stale ol Honduras, gold, silver, cop per, lend, op ils, emeralds, nsbestos, nml cinnabar. ilT The refusal by the House of Itepi esr ntntives to rereivethe ilelegate npioiiitid by New Mexico, has. as fur as we have heard or seen it reniaiketl upon by the people or the press, been Universally rotitlemneil as a w anton ext-n i-e uf unjustifiable power. The par-ticulnr reason which may have influenced a minority ot the House to come to Has decision, we have not seen stnted in detail, ami until we see I hem, and nlso see a list of the yeas ami nays, we will forbear comment. Hut in Ihe menu lime wo ninv sny. that uniil wc have further light on the subject, we aroutti rly unable tn conceive what valid or constitutional object ton could IHlt. Wl ltSTIJl'M hPI IUH Oft TIIK roMI'KOMISK U11.I., The Semite, in committee of tin? w hole, Wednesday, July 17th, look up the coumderaluni of ihe Compromise Hill, m question pending being ou Mr. lien lull's amendment in regaYil to the boundary nf Texas. Mr. Wiliibticr addressed ihe I'residout as follows: Mr. PitttsniKNT: It was my purposr on Tuesday of last week to have fdlowed the honorable member from South Carolina (Mr. Butler) who wus addressing the Senate on the morning of thai day, with whnl I then had and now have to say upon the subject of this bill. Hut before the honorable member had concluded his own remarks, it was announced hero thai the lale Chief Magistrate of the United Slates was so dangerously ill that the Senate was moved toiuliourn, The Senate ad journed, and tho solemn event of tho decease nf the Oilier Magistrate was announced tho next day. Sir, there ore virions rellections which cannot but present themselves lo the minds of men, growing out ot that occurrence. The Chief Magistrate of a great euoiic op ii suddenly. Keceiilly elected to tho office ny me spontaneous voice of his fellow-countrymen, possessing in a hiutr d.-rrron Ihoir r, .iiti.lei.ee .o.d ... guid, ere yet he had had n fair opportunity lo develop ..- iii-.ijio-i ot inn civil adtiiiuislrattoii, tie lell Uy the stroke of death. Yet, air, mixed with the sad thoughts that thisovetit suggeited, and ihe meluucholy feeling that spread oyer th'i whole country, Ihe real lovers and adiuirersofoiircoiistittiiioiml government, iu the mitlst oi meir griel and ullliciiou lor his loss, find something consoling uuil gratifying for their reflection. The executive head of u great nation had fallen siiddely : no disturbance arose : no shock wus felt in a great and free republic. Credit, public and private, was in no way disturbed, nnd danger to tho community ur individuals was nowhere felt. The legislative authority was neither dissolved nor prorogued, nor was there any further tleluv in ilm eirei-eiso of llio ordiimrv foiietiiniM ot every branch of ihe government, than such as was necessary for tho indulgence the nrotior indulgence. of the grief which alllicted Congress and tint country. Sir, for his country General Taylor did not live long enough; hut there were circumstance! in bis death, so torlumito for his own fame anil character, so gratifying to all to whom he wus most dear, thai be maybe said to have died fortunately, "That life is long which answers life's great end." A gallant soldier, experienced iu hi profession, ho had achieved all that wa to be expected of him in that line of duty. Placed at the head of the government, as I have said, by the free voice of the oeop. bo died in tho toidt nt domestic iitleciioiis mid domestic happiness. Ho died iu ine inn possession oj the gratitude ol Ins country. He died ill the consciousness of duty iter for met I. lie lied h ere, in ihe midst ot the councils of his country. which country, through us, its organs, has bestowed upon hiui ihose supple, grand and impiming rites, such me repuiihr confers on the most distinguished ol her sons, e inn run llio race desliiual for htm by Providence, and he sleeps with the blessings of his country men. " Hacli honor II Ion tu Iter hem pitiil, And jh uci IuI ali-i.t the miniity Hector's simile." Mr. President, I proceed now to say upon the uh- jecl before us what it was my purpose then to have Miid. I begin by remarking that the longer we stay iu the midst of this agitating subject, ihe longer the final disposition is put oil' or postponed, tho greater is the in ensity of that ..nxiety that possesses mv breast. I wish, sir. to hurir-oiiizc, so far ns 1 can, opinions. I wish to facilitate some in ensure of conciliation. 1 wish consummate some proposition or other that shatl bring opinions together, and give the country repose. It is not mv purpose to-day lo compare measures or contrast plans which have been proposed. X measure was suggested by a lute President, (Mr. Polk.) in his menage of HAH. It was substantially repeated by the late Presitl tit (Mr. Tnvlor) in his message of H PI. I h'-n there is he to re us tins proposition o the committee of thirteen. I do m.t regard these as opposite, opposing, or to use Ihe language of the day. a aiila''onis- tieal propositions at nil. Ton certain extent I hey all agree. .-yoiid what was proposed either by Mr. Polk or by the late President of the United States, this report ol the committee ami Ihe bill now before us goes n step further. These suggestions wen- and especially Ihat of the lnte President to admit California, and for the present to stop there. The hill before llu? Semite promises to admit California, hut also to make a proper provision a provision proper or not, its the Senate may judge for llio Territories of New Mexico ami I'tah. 1 confess, sir, my jiidi.uicnt, from lh tirst. has been thai itwtts indispensable ihat Congress should ike some provision for these Territories: hut I have I'll ciireb whether the things necessary lo he done re done in one bill or iu separate bills, except Ihat. asninatterofexpedieiirv.it wn, and ha been my opinion, from the beginning, ihat it would hnve been better lo have pro led, measure by measure. 1 hat was a matter of iiulvuieiit upon exiieiliency of the oiimi. I wn one t t,t ooni. iilt'-H ,-!' tloriM, flip utnstaiices railed nin to mv hotmi; ami it seeini tl to be the general opinion of the com mil lee at that lime, and I thought the better opinion, tu begin with California tirst, ami then Hike up the oih'T measures iu their ur- llpon tiirlbi-r consilient! nut, the committee very fairly I doubt not in the exercise of their best judg ment nnd discretion, thought it belter to unite these three things which are in this bill. Well, sir, whether singly or lonether, each ami every one of these objects Herts my npprnhnlioii, and all are in my judgment de-i ruble. In llie tirst dace, I think it is a desirable oh-ect to admit California. I do mil conceal from myself' nor do I wish to conceal from others, that California is liefore us with some deiiree of irregularity stumped Uhiii her proceeding She ha Hot I toe u through the previous pntcess of territorial existence. She ha formed Iit loiistiiiitioii without our conseut. 1 look iiKin it, sir, that California, from the extraordinary circumstances which hnvcalleiiiled her birth and progress lo the present moment, entitles liersell, Irom the in ccs-sitv of ihe case, to ail exception Inun the ord inary rules. Who expected to see sin h n great community springing up in sin It nu incredibly sh irt tune I u lm vi-nected to see 1110,000 or loO.OHO people engaged in such nu employ ment, with so much activity, and enter pns, anil commerce, drawing to ihetnst-ivos the admi ration unit regard ol the whole world in the iveriod ol a few month! Well, sir, she routes lo us wilh a coin- st mil ion framed upon republirnn moral, nml conform- tide to the constitution ol the t inted Slates; nml tinier these circumstances, still luliiiittiug her application ns premature nml irregular, yot there has liet-it nothing itoiie which her miiiusioii on our part win not cure. Mho will be Inwlullv in the Union, it we admit her into the Union, and then-fore I have uo hesitation uhiii that jaiiiit. Then, with n-spect to the Territories: 1 hnve been. and 1 am of opinion, that wu should not separate nt ihe end of this session of Congress, without making a suitable provision for their government. 1 du not think it safe to allow things to stand ns they are. It has been thought that there may be such a tiling ns ail mil ting Calilornia anil stopping there. veii, it is not un- posoible, in the nature ot things, that such a course of Milirv should be adopted, if it would meet the proper concurrence, inn men i nave niways supposed, sir, that if wu were unw acting upon California as n separate measure, and should, in tho prosecution of that measure, admit In r into the I nioii, the inquiry would arise, W hat then f I luivo never soppoed that ihe questions rosHf ling the I erntorie, would ihen-by lie put to rest, even for the pn-seiit. I supposed ijju very next thing Ui be done would bo to take up the subject o ihe neceisiiy ot n goveiiimeiu ior tun territories, and prosecute that subject until it should be iu some manner terminated by Congress; nml Ihat that wouhl be a subject stilt which wouhl occupy Congress, to the exclusion of nil ordinary subjects of legislation, until it was distoseil of. I urn Hot authorized to say, sir 1 do not knew the opinion of ihe hoiioruhle members of the committee on Territories : here sits near mo ihe honorable member from Illinois, who is nt the head ot that committee, nnd 1 lake it for granted that he can sav whether 1 am right or not that it we should tin dav admit Calilornia alone, lie would tn-iuorrow feel il hi duly to bring inn bill for the government of die Territories, or hi make some disposition ol them Mr. Douglass, (in alow von e.) -Does llio Sen-iior ish an answer f Mr. Webster. I should like to know ihe hmiorabli ii'inhcr's uurimse. Mr. louglas. Mr. President, if California should he admitted by herself, I should certainly led tt my duty, as Chairman ol tho committee on lerritortc move lo take tin the subject of the Territories at once. and put them through, niut also the Texas boiindniy (i Initl. mill to settle llielll HV ileum, n iney nre not settled in the aggregate, together, lean )iysu'h is the opinion and ileiermiiialioit of a majority ot that committee. Websier ivsuimd. Then, sir, it i ns I sup "rZTttl ! S 'I',""' " ?-'K"y tn their e,,li,T u me- u.rii-mo ii, ih.it i wimt ii now pr.icu.i i. to it i " rr"nrIl (Iiivenilllt'llt Inr New MexiuuAQd Ulali,williaut Kutriclioii. I Ipi l authorized to aaaume, irii.o tlie circiunittiiiice. before m, tlmt it is ill the pow-or ol ihe g,.riieiiien from the South to decide whether lliia territorial government, without restriction a, provided in tin, bill, .(mil e.lnhlih,.d ur not. I have "mi agiiitial resli ictiiin lor I Iih renaoua which 1 have already given to the Senate, and may repeat; but it '!''W .'i ' I""1 Slll".l,' n Kentlemeu to any whether mi" win, inns iirovKling nr territorial governmenta without n.'Kiri. tion n i ,i, ,.,,n .1... eiile that iUetioii, doiihtleaa, by reference to what ia liki. v tn 1 ie .i . .. ... ' " ii ii ooi-a not paaa. nuw air, l am pp.piired to hiiv thut if tlii. m..,n, .!. n... nnu I anf reaily to aupport othar proper meaaurea that can iaa aud will pa. 1 xlmll never conaeut to leave thia ai!Bnm ot Congreaa until aorno. proviaiou ia made for rw Mexico. I 'tah ia leKa important. Let her repoae heraell upon the burden of lier Salt l.nko another year, d iiecenaary. Hut aa to New Mexico, aituateil aa aha .a, with a controvoray on hand, aa ahe haa, wilh hor more H)Weiful neighlmr, Tenia, 1 ahall never conaeut to the adjournment of Oongreaa without a pro-viaiuii made lor avoiding a collinion, and the aettlement ol the point in controveray between that Territory und that Slate. 1 have tho atoligcat objection to a premature creation of StaleaT 1 atated thut obji-ction ut lar'.'e in the Senate, anion two yenra ago. The bri nging in of .mall Statea with an equal representation in ihe Senate witli the repreaentatirai of tho argeat Statea iu Iho Onion, and with avury amall num-lior ol poople, dorungi a and diaturba the proper balance between the Senate and the Ilnu-o J Itopreaen-tativi'a iu Uiuigreaa. It tnukca the Senate a kind of oligarchy There may be aix, or eight, or ten amall iMutOB IU the SolltllWeat. ItHvili,. n. ni.n. Nnmlnr. in .i.ifii;B. a. inry nave ni'lireaeniutivea. t nia objection la lininded upon tho incongruity which audi acaae producea iu iho conatitiitional relation of the Senate and tlio Home. It dialigurea the aymini'try of the government; and in thia reapeet it doea not make the dighteat pnaaible dill'erence, in niy eatiinatiou, wheth- uiey are iu uo iree amtea or alave Statea. I am not li.poaed to make a Territory, that ia immature and not lit to come into the Union, ou account of want of non- alatlon, a Slate, merely lionin.e it will bo a free State. That ilnca ncit Weiidl With ine a hnir. Hut mv nl.mo Hon hua lii en and la, aa I have atated or attempted lo aluto that the adiniiaion of audi Statea, with audi amall atnniint of population, derangea the ayateni. It makea ' -oaie v, iiai ii never waa inteinled by the conatilu- linn to be. Neverthel air, aa 1 favor the admiaaion ol California, although alio preaeuta horaelf before ua with aome irregularity in her nourae of iir,,ee,li,m. .. there nre greater erila, in mv judgment, lhali the nd-iniaiou ol New Mexico aa ii Suite, now, at once, or the proviaiou tli.it ahe ahull be adiiiillod in a certain time hereafter. I do not think that an ureal in evil aa tn leave New Mexico without a noveriioieot. without nrn. lection, on the very eve of probablo Inutility wilh Tex-aa, ao lar na 1 can diacei u ; and to my mind there ia the i.uumi ui vree oi nr.. I, any that there wi 1 ur e co llaioiia, coiiteBla, an.l, for might 1 know bloodahed, if me ciibo aii.iuiu ao Happen tlmt me boundnnea of Now Mexico ahall mil bo nettled by Congreae. Sir, I kuow no queitioii bo important. connected wilh all Iheee mutter.,, aa the aeltleinent of the Texaa boundary. That immediately and iiiliuiatelv. in inv iodionenl. Innrhe. the tiiealiiiii ol.the diiralion of peace and iiuiet in Iho iMiinlrv; and I ciitih.i1 conceive how gentlemen, looking upon th i Bllhiect in all ita aanectfl. enn content tliema. lvea wilh llie id.ii of retiring lium their acala hero nnd h aving that eul.ject where il ia. I ahnuld bo il.-relict to my duty if I did not peraiat In the laat in bringing il lo ad'ciiou bv Iho authority of Cine'i-eaa. If a motion be made, ua it l.aa been aiiuouliced to be intended to be made, to Inv thia bill upon tho table, and that motion prevails, ihia iiieuaum ia nt an end. Then there must be a Maori to aome other me.iBiirea; and I tun disposed to Bay that, in caae of the failure of tins loll, 1 ahull bo in lavor ot a bill which ahall provldo for three lliinga, yi.: theadmiaaiou of California with us presrni constitution and bonndariea, the aettlement of tlio TexiiB boundary, nod the admiaaion of New Mexico ns u Slate. Such n meaaure will pruduce a final teriniti.ition of the c.mtroveraiea which now agitate ua, und relieve the I'liuutry from distraction. Sir, this measure is oppiMo.l by the North, or aome of ihe North, and bv tin- South, or aome of the Smith : mid it has the remarkable miaforluno to beoppoaed by N:rn"na in" niosi preciaely opposed lo each other ill every mutter concerning the subject under consideration. There are those 1 do nut speak, of course, uf members of nnnnress, and I do not desire tobeunder- Blnod as muking any allu-iou whaluver, iu what I may -ay. In iii.-mbera of thia llouae or the other there arc those in I ho country who say, on the part of the South, uiai ine M.mtn gives up everything to the North, and we will tWlil it to lie last : hi lb re an ..those oil the pan if iln- n.ii.Ii, n.7..si, il lHglw.,., evervlhins Ihe South; wo will light it to Ihe last. And really, ', atrange as it may aeera, this diso.iaitiou to mnlce butlle upon this bill, bv people who never agreed in anvthili before under tile light of Heaven, haa created aort ol lellowslnp and goned teul.iig between Ihem. Uuo anya, give me your hand, my good fellow you mean lognln-aiusllliia 0.11 lo the ilouth. because it ulvea Mr. nosed. We slionld mil get rid "I the sulieit. nvin lor the lin-neiil. by ndniillillg California. Now, sir, it is not wise to conceal from ourselvea our condition. Su' nose we admit California. Mv honorable lli.'llil fpul lllmoia brings iu llieu a bi'l for a teintnruil government fur New Mexico and l.'tah. He must m en our uvea to the alnlo of opinion in die two lioit.esr.-.poo-tively. and endeavor to foresee whill would be the et-leel of am h a bill. II it be a loll containing a prohibition of slavery, wo know it conlil not pass lies house. II il he a bill wilhoilt such iimlllllllioll, we know what difficulty it would enrouiiler el-ewll. re. So that we iy liltle relieve ourvlvea Inun the rinli.irina.nig cir- cuiilslnuceaiiriliecoiiilillou mwlinll weun-.oy uihiug up U.ililornia. and arlini: ui.nil it alone. I ui.i, no ri-tore, air, decidedly, di ciiledlv in f."r "I passing the lull in the lorm In which it is iim voir mint-. Hut. air, if It be Ihe pleasure ol llie senate io vole for Ihe million which il is pioposeil to innke to Ihe Senate shortly, for laving tins whole iiii a.iire upon Ihe lull) I 'il I.v ili.iHisiii.' of this bill, 1 cuti only, lr one. .v. that II lis measure is n.-ic.ii.-ii .it t proreisling. or at any oilier, I hold my.elf not only in-,.i I. bni 1 ml to consider any other niensurca w hich may bo ailggesledl because the case is pressing null the'iinniiiBtaiicesol Iheco -y an urgent. vWionin the win Id have we lind any lor. inn o.ii slieii ; it I may .av ao, any exterior i.iesiioti, that liaa nied Ihe eo'iisidemtion of 1,'ongiess lor .veil motilbs, ami yet roiuo lo uo r- snll f li". havo we had n .ubi. ii be- lor. ,,. ili.il has o:ir.dv, ii all tlie o,i ll.llons nl (.ovoru- id up the rights ot iho South; I mean to go ufrainst the bill to the dealli, iM-caune it eive tits the riLdtts of tbn North; let us sh iko h inds, and cry out, " down with the bill;" and then unitedly rnio the crv. Adnv or hour of virtuous liberty is worih a whole eternity in iioiiiiae. Now, sir, I ascribe notlmifr but the best ami purest ol motives to any of ihe gentlemen on either side ot this ciianioor, or ut Uit other House, who take that view nf tins subject which diftV-rs Irom my own. I nnn.it nut n-tiret, certainly, thut Deiitlemeu who sit around tne and especially my houorable colleauue mil my Irtemls irom Massacluisetts in llio other House obliged by tle-ir concieiimis sense of duty to op toe a HieaKiire winch 1 leel hound by my conscience to !ipmrt. 1 hey nre just ns high-minded, as patriotic, as pure, and every wnv as well iutentioued as I am : and, sir, it' it was put to a vote, and the tiling were to ho ih'citlctl hy a majority, I must con I ess my blends I troin M.iHsarhust-tts eonld unt-voto me. Unt still my I own opinions art- Hot chiuiued not in the least decree tiaiitfcil. I teel that every interest ot thoNtute. onent i whose representatives I am here, nswi-ll as every great interest of the wholecoutitry, requires that this measure, or some etinivah-nt measure, as heiiliun", coinposiue and conciliatory ns this, should be adtiptetl by Coit- ires neioro us niioiiriiiueiii. inn u niy otiject, and I nhall sli-ndily puisne it. Let us examine this. II 1 mnv analyze the matter a litdo both iii regard to the North ami tho South. Mas- achtisetts, bi-iu( a Northern State, may be taken as an xampie. or n sample, ul northern interests. What tloes ahe sain I What does she lost- by itf It' this bill pnes, tUi,iciiueits ana tne Norm get what is quite an object to them the admission ul California as a Iree State, with her present constitution a very intensely ib-simble object, as I believe, tn all the North. She trains that. She gains, nlso, ihe quieting ot' the New Mexican tiuetion and the Texas boundary, wh'ch. in mv hid ''intuit, as I havo said, is the moat important of nil these questions, tit-cause it is the most immediately ui' ti.tcinj; evil cointeipieticeii, if such consequences be not arrested by this or some similar measure. She iiins the quiet of New Mexico, aud she gnius ihe settlement of the Texas boundary objects all desirable. More thiiii that, sir: she gains, and tho whole North unins, ami the whole country gains, iho final adjustment nl' bv fill- the (Trent eat om-l of nil llin liivnrv niim, Hon. And when l peak ot this lull in that counexion, I mean also to connect it with the other subiects reo omiueiiih-d by the committee; nnd 1 say. that if the whole report ot that committee could be earned nut, nne nf Ihe ureatesl of all possible be tie tits to be deriv ed irom ihe whole meinmre is this: that ii settles, to an extent of far more than a majority of them all. the questions connected will) lavery, which have so long njilated the country. Ami then, sir, Mainachntetts, ami the whole counlrv, gain Ihe restoration ot tins govern un nt In the ordinary exercise ut its functions. The North and the South will see Congress replaced in its position oi' hh ariive, lieneliriat. pareiitnl legislature for the whole country. Well, w hat has happened f Idle ti is ot ine utmost importance mat this res torn lion to the exercise of ils ordinary ftinclietia by Congress should bo accomplished, here wu are, seven or eight months from the tieiuuing of the m-ssion, hardly able to keep tho government alive. All it paralysis. We are nearly broii'-bt to a stand- We are all suspended upon this ono tonic, Ibis one idea, ns if there we lit no object in government, no uses iu government, no duties iu those who ndiniiiisti-r government, but In settle one question. Well, ir, the next inquiry is, what do Mnsachuuits and the North, the iiiiti-! ivery Suites, lone hy this nd-iistiiieut I What is it they lone t I put that oucslion in every gentleman here, and to every man ill the country. They lose the npplie.itioii of what i enlled tho VNiliuot Proviso to thero territories, nml tlmt ia nil I'here n nothing nlo that 1 Hiiiipose the whole North are not willing to do. They vih to get California nnd pilot New Mexico: thev vvhIi to terminate the impute nltoiti ihe Texan boundary, cost what it reasonably mnv. They make no acl ilice in nil that. What they Mcritice is thist the application of the Wilniol Proviso to the lerritorieof New Mexico nmt I'tah, Now, what is Iho value of that h, iu nny reasonable limit's. esli m te f T he value of il, ir, depend-, upon ils necessity uers -ne t 'nioti. then. I uv.it neiil,,..-ni.r hr- triotic, nor just to apply it. ' My honorable colleagueadmitted the otherday, with great propriety and frankne, that il n could be made certain, or if it were certain, that nntural causes necessarily excluded slavery from New Mexico then the restriction nu-ht not to be inserted in the hill. Now, by certainty 1 suppose my colleague meant not mathematical certainty; 1 nuppo, be meant that high probability, that moral certaititv. which viivnm met. io ,.11 tho concerns of hie. Our Unties to society, our objects in society, ore nil measim-d by that tiigh probability, which is something short ol mailminatical certainty, but which we are bound tu net upon in every concern of daily life, either in a public or in n piivute capacity. Now, the question therefore I address mvself to gentlemen of tho North is this: is tho probability of the exclusion of slavery from New Mexico by natural causes so high, and strong, and conclusive as that we should act upon it ns wn act upon tho same degree uf probability, applied to other questions, in civil, mord and social relations of life? I shidl not recur to what I have said on this subject, fur 1 suppose my fiiend from Pennsylvania (Mr. Conner), nnd my friend from Connecticut (Mr. Smith), who dineussed this matter latterly, hnve lett it proved, and as much demonstrated as any problem ot a moral nnd political character enn be demonstrated, that it is true tlmt New Mexico is not a country in which slavery exists, or in which it ever a.-, be introduced. If that be not so upon previous evidence, nnd if now nnythiiig further need he added, we have before us to day an nulhenlic expression of ihe inhabitants ol that cnuntrv tin milvft. -.vim it iu n nrn a A on all hands, have the ult imate right of decision uon a ssua.u, iihu uuctriuB iiiuiiiBL-ives uione. Well, then, what is it that is yielded hy the North but amero abstraction a naked possibility. upon which no man wuuld act f No man would venture a farthing now for a great inheritance to be bestowed on him when slavery should he established in New Mexico. Now that there is an authentic decliimtioti mum n, anil. ject by tho poople of New Mexico themselves, what in mere mat should lead us to hesitate hy settling this matter Why should we proceed upon the ground of an abstract notion of ndhering to the Wilmot Proviso t And 1 must be permitted to say that, as npplied tn thia case, it is nil an abstraction. I do not mean to sny that the injunction against slavery in the ordinance ot 1787 was a mere absiraction ; on the contrary, it nnd its uses; but I say the application of that rule lo this case is a mere abstraction, and nothing ehto. It does not utfect tho state of things iu the slightest degree, present or future. Everything is to be now and remain hernnfter, with or without ihat restriction, just ai it would the uiherwny. It is therefore, iu my judgment, clearly an abstraction. I am sorry, sir, vory iorry, that my friend from Connecticut, Mr. Smith, who tin studied this case a great deal morn than I have studied it white he was a member of the other House and has demonstrated, 1 beyond the power of any conscientious man's denial, that thero can be no sluvery in tho Territories about which we nre speaking that the South is mistaken in supposing that it was 'possible to derive any benefit from it, anil thai the North is mistaken in supposing that that which ihcy denim to prohibit will ever want any prohibition thore I am sorry tu see that my very able t riemt, having demonstrated the case, did not carry out bis own demniiHtratioti. Alter all, the expression of his purpose to vote against this hill followed one of the clearest ami trnnget demonstrations in its favor that I have heard from the m nth of man. What in the reason of this opposition f W hy, the gentleman said he was instructed by Ids legislature tn oppose it; and on the whole, he did not feel It to be his duty to depart from those instructions. it lets become, sir, an otiject of considerable importance in the history of this government to inquire how far instructions, given w part and under one state uf circumstances, are to govern those who act under another elate uf circumstances, mid not upon em parte hearing, but upon a hearing of the whole matter. The proposition that n member of this government, in giving a vote to bind all the country, is tn take ns his instructions the will nf a imull purl of the country, whether in his own Stale ur out of it, is a proposition that is above or below all nrgunient. Where men are sworn to act conscientiously for the good of the whole, according to their judgment ami opinions, if tlie proposition is aertcd that they are nevertheless bound to take the individual opinion of a few, and lie exclusively hound by them, there is no room tor argument every man's moral perception, w tliuiit argument, decides it. 1 know, sir, that, iu n popular government like ours, instniciions of ibis sort will bo given ami pledges required, it is in tho nature of tho case ih.it jiolitical men in thin country love the people ; they love popular upplnuse ami promotion, nnd lh;-y are willing to make promises; und, as in othersorts of love, when the blood burns, tin soul pnxlifittlly gives ihc Ioiil'iic vuwi. ll is the case especially iu some States, in which, in dec-ttiinetvrittg contests, itisttiv-iious becftotj lithe cKtitUr lions, which men vow to support. T hene instructions are often given under circumstances very remme from those that exist when tho duty comes lobe performed; und, I am sorry to say they are often given ou collateral considerations. I will not say when or where, how remotely, or how laioiy; but 1 am very much iucliued tu think that we should lind in the hisiory of our country cues in which instructions are ready to bi "iven or ready to bo withheld, ni some little fragment of some sectional party be or may not bo obtained hereby. Sir, it is curious enough to observe how this idea, thut a member chosen into a public body to act for the whole country is hound by tlie instructions of those who elected him which hns risen tu a moral sentiment will) us is ditl'ereiillv received by olhers. Ac- . cording to our notion nnd hihits uf thinking, it is not oniy nuownoio, nut incutiiDetil ujKiti a member ol Congress, to follow the instructions given by his own con-ntttueuts, nhhouidi Ins vote en' cis the interest, the glory, the renown, of twenty millions of people. Aa au instance, sir, of the various views taken of the sub-jet I, and ns a question of morals, I inigln refer to what happem-d in the Chamber nf Deputies of Frm ce aome years ngo perhaps while the honorable member trom Mtchignn wh residing m runs, but more probably shortly niter Ins return. A gentleman was a candidate fur the Chamber of Dep ities in France, promised his constituents that ou a certnin measure, expected to come before tin Chamber, he wuuld vote ns they re- quirea. i ney required mm to vme so ana so, and he said he wouhl doit. Wt-ll, sir, he Wiischosen and when ho came to the Chiunbor to take Ids oath of otlice he was told Not so fnsi I Objection was made. Thev said lie diil not come there as a fair man; he did not come there as nn impartial man, to judge of the great interests ol iho whole country upon the great questions that were to come before the Chamber. It was object ed that he wai pled get 1 nnd trammelled, that he hnd given up his conscience ami promised his vole, and that he did not stand on an equality, therefore, with other members ol thnt assembly who came unpledged and untrammelled, ana tioniui to exercise meir judg ments, lit su iri, iney rejeciea aim t nil whoever wishes to see the most beautiful disquisition upon political morals, and the duty ol thoso who represent the people, that I kuow nf, since the lime nf Mr. Burke'i sptech at Urinol, enn be gratified by rending Monsieur Uuizol's speech on thnt occasion. The member, at any rate, came under pled res made to a few to give his vote for them, nltliouiih it miht he against the many. and they be d him not to be a worthy representative of Franco, to act on the questions which concerned ihe interest of the whole kingdom. For my part, sir, I know how eas iy we glide into this tiatnt ol loiiowmg instructions. I know that member of Congress want to act conscipntiotwnv always. 1 believe they wish themselves free from ihose trammels. In short, air, 1 hnve sometimes thought, when considering upon this suujeci ol i lie .tumoi rrovino, unit vtmart-ss neeas a Wilmot, and need it much mnn? than the snow-capped mountains of .New Mexico, or the salt pi tins of Utah. I have tlio' t tli.it if the ircmusul' American liberty, or 101110 atigel from n higher sphere, could (ly over tin country wilh a scroll bearing words, and wilh n power to give effect to those word and those words should bet " lie it ordnined lh.it neither in tho Sennte nor House uf KVprcs. illative iu Congress assembled shrill lb ire he hlnvury or involuntary servitude, except for crime. " It would be a glorious cniwnun; honor and feiiniy to tho constitution of the United Slates. Laughter. 0! thou spirit nt Nathan Dune! How couldst thou take so much pnins lo set men's limits ami motions free in the territories, nml never deign to add oven n proviso in lavor of the freedom ()l opinions and conscience in iho halls of Congress I I.uue.hter. Sir, 1 nm of opinion thai every public consideration connected with the interests of the Stale, one of whose representatives, nnd the inont humble of them I nm, shows Itie tibsolute necessity of Buttling this question at unco, upon fair unit reasonable terms the necessity of judging subjects according to their merit and importance ; ond that wn should not he carried nway by fancies of gorgoiis, hydras, nml chimeras diro, to ascertain what is substantially valuable, important mid esseiitial under the iidiii'nistinlioii of the government. Massachusetts, one ol Iho sniadc-st of the Stale ol iho Cnioii, c ire 11 111 scribed vvitiiin the limits of ti.UIHI sip in re miles, of cry barren, rocky, nml sterile territory, possesses wiihtu in its limits ut tin moment n million of people. With the same rutin nf population. New York would contain (i.(hU) )0() of people, and Virginia more than 7,1100,01111. W hat are l crupntioiis and pursniis of such n population 011 so small a territory t A very small pol'tioii of Ihem live hv the tillage of the bind. If. in anv 111,111' iivisoiuilile ui liooeiit. Iho iinecssitv of Thev ure eimaired exactly in those pursuits which lal ihe hppl icn tioti of tlml Proviso to New Mexico is atipa-1 under the control, pmteciiini ami vegu'n'ion of the laws liavigiilion, ihe hsherles, ami umimlsclures ; every one lie limed NLtftiiisI the admission of Mr. Smith more than ment. ilmt lias dipl.ied nil h t titular proceedings ot '.:.:.:.. .1 1.1 t... .....I. .... ).;. r-.. 1,. .1... . " i . 1 .... .)... I ,l.u un ..! Cniiirns. mid b is lell us nl the end liyer himwlf up, what will 1 the answer T ' ' hns hereulre been ndmitled to a teat iu the Huum. ' of seven uiunih- of a scMion without the ord.miry an- whirl) ii nhimxinui and disagreeable to other, and re- nt, whv, then, then- is value in it tn those who hold 1 hat the further extension of shivery ia to he resisted a n matter of principle. Hut it' it be not necessary, if the circumstance do uoi cull for il, why, then, there is nothing in the Wilmot I'rnv iso, nnd no sacritice inade in n-fusing in apply il or declining tu apply it. Thtitis Ihe question. Now, sir, 11 1 low me to sny that tho Wilmot Proviso Is no matter of principle; it t 11 menus to an ond; il aniioi lie raised to the dk-nitv of 11 principle. The principle o ihe North I Inke to be ilmt there shnll be no lurlher extension of slave territory. I.el that he admitted what then ? It doe not iteeessnrily follow that 111 every case you miil comedown with a Wilmot. If ttn-re nre oilier cireuinstauces thnt an' imperative nml conclusive, ami such ns intbience nnd control the judgment ot reasonable men, mult-ring it necessary for the establishment ot tlml principle tn apply a measure if which is umler Ihe inlluence uf llie operation of the laws of this eovoniinetit every ihiy. Ami on 111. ne of these subjects does Ooiir.ivB ever paB a law tlml does not materially nO'ect the hnppine", industry, and prosperity uf Masnrhuetu yes, anil of Ithodo Matid, too, L looking nt Ihe Ithode tslmul Senators Is it not, llieu, of great importance to all of these interest that the government should be cn rried on refinlm ly f that it should have die power of action, of umlioii, of legislation t 1- it not the greater calamity that il nhnultl he pa nil v zed, hung up, dependent upon one idea, us if there wn no object in government, tin use in government, i n desirable protcc ion from government, unit no ilesimble-legislatioti by government, except whnt relates 10 the single topic ol slavery. 1 cannot conceive that these gnat interests would be readily surrendered by the business iiinu of the