Ohio State journal and Columbus gazette (Columbus, Ohio : 1825), 1836-08-20, WEEKLY.

              wun fptttlfitl gpltmPit5 itttp SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 183G. WEEKLY. No. Of,, Von. XXV Whole No. 1177. PIUNTBII AND PUBLISHED UY SCOTT & WRIGHT. Office on High-street, second door south of Armstrong's Hotel. j. iimi.h oiii:, r.niToit. TERMS Two Dollars anil Fifty Ccnls, in advance; or Tttree Dollars, at tlic end of tlio year. No suhscril'or allowed to discontinue while lie reiliulus indebted to tlir ntlice. A seml-weckly paper is nlso Issued from this olllcc, nt lie rate of Two Dollars for 52 nuiiibnrs, or Four Dollars per yenr. Letters on business should he nddresscd to the Publishers, and should be post-paid, except when coinlnix fro-n Audits. From Ike Western Monthly Magazine for March. REMARKS ON THE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF OHIO, And tome of the the desiderata wliieh might be supplied if a Ueotug ic at Survey of the State; by Joii.v L. IfiD-dei.l, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, ic, in Cin-tinnuti College. Over two or tlirco ranges of connlir-s, "order- Br ing on the Ohio river in the south-east lliinl of tlio State, the hind is considerably broken and diversified by rugged hills and irregular valleys. The Handtisky country, the Upper iScioto and Upper Miami countries, exhibit a reinarUubly level aspect. The immediate substratum of the regions lying on the iViami and its tributaries, so far as I can learn, seems to he an earthy and Bomctimes semi-crystal line limestone, alternating with calcareous shale or slaty marl. Its color usually is dark bluish and gray, and in numerous localities tlio mass of ruck appears almost wholly made up of marine oiganic remains. In other places it assumes a crystalline, or compact and even structuro, being eligible for all the purposes to which transition limestones are usually applied; receiving a high polish, and exhibiting when thus beautified, a fanciful and varied aspect, depending on numberless sections of testaceous and curaliue relics. How deep into l-ho earth this formation extends, I am not prepared to say. Neither am I apprized of its true relation to the coal measures east. of the Scioto; whether as it proceeds east ward, losing its calcareous character, it graduates into urgillaccous shale or saudstune, or preserving its identity, dips beneath the carboniferous rocks; or lastly, whether it is not equivalant to the Sciolo limestone, which appearing occasionally in every part of the coal region, crowns some of the highcBt hills with the petrified remains of beings which inhabited an ancient ocean. If the lust supposition be true, it is highly important that it should be known; for we might then reasonably expect tu find the coul measures below it, throughout the western portions ol the Stale. The regions about the lower Scioto, the llockhockiug, the .Muskingum and its tributa ries, the Mahoning, Grand and Cuyahoga rivers, are mainly occupied by the sandstone and car oonilerout scries ol lormalions. While on a tour of observation lust summer, through the cuddle and eastern portions of the state, thougl: unable to determine tho western and northern . limits of this group, I remarked the continuum, occurrence of its different members along the whole course of the Uliio canal, from I'urlsiuoti 1 1 to Cloveland. Tho same formations, I am told. continue west of the IScioto into Adams, lligl land and Fayette counties. In the counties of Franklin and Knox, they have come under my personal observation. No southeastern limit can be assigned, short of the Alleghany mountains. The exliaustlcss quarries of freestone embra bed in this group, within tho boundaries of our Stale, are as yet, more highly valued by the ar chitcct than the Ohio limcstonos: but when these rocks crumble into soil, by superficial exposure, the earth yielded by the sandstones and its allies, is much less fertilizing in its qualities than that which is derived from calcareous strata. The former indeed may generally bo great ly ameliorated by the judicious application of ' . . . . i ' i 'i' i marls arm oilier calcareous mauuri-a. t ne piu-per soils for such improvement, may oftentimes f . I.- - : , : be as accurately niuiumtu uy u. e-uumgiuui inquiry inlo tho nature of the rocky substratum as by patient chiinical analysis. The sandstone formation within our tcrrito rial limits exhibits every grade and variety of structure, from the fragile, gritlcss clay stale, to the coarsest and strongest conglomerate rock Its most inferior stratum perhaps, is a white, moderately fine grained sandstone, sometimes variegated with red, and generally impregnated throiigout with common salt, and other saline matters. Concealed, as it usnaly is, deep in the earth, its topographical distribution has been erf imnerfectlv determined while Us real inn its are unknown. From facts collected by Dr. II ill) re tli , it appears that the salifurous rock underlies or accompanies tho coal measures throughout tho entire valley of the Ohio. He supposes, that since this rock is found to dip to the south in jitisKiiiguiu euumj, u 'io.....j smt makes its appearance at tho surface near .Massi Ion. In my opinion there are good reasons for this supposition, un unci s map oi .Hiismngiiin county, it is staled that tho salt wells require to be sunk near four hundred fool lower, at the south line of tho county than nt the north, the nnribnrn wells bcinir three hundred, llio iuulli rn seven hundred feet in depth. The salifer- .cus rock is hero from twenty lo forty lect in thickness, lleforo you reach tho lake, a white sandstone crops out, very similar lo this stratum in ann'earance, and probably continuous and identical with it. Doing here superficial, the infiltration of atmosphoric waters has doubtless lontr since removed Its saline impregnation. Jl this be indeed the outcropping of I ho salifcrous rock of the south, wo have conclusive reasons for not regarding it as tho only reservoir of common sail wiinin our Minus. Fifteen miles cast of Cleveland, on the lake ahore, twenty feel above its surface, a woll has teen sunk through various shales and sandstone -to the depth of six hundred nnu cigniy-six leci and is found to be productive of brine. On Scott's plains, fourteen miles north-east from .Culumbiii. saline indications occur in tho form of salt-licks. On Duncan's plains, a few miles further north, a salt well has been sunk uvo hundred foot. I learned from the men engaged in boring, that after passing various slates, etc., thoy prelorated fifly feet of a very hard, while salifcrous rock. Respecting tho strength and supply of brine, I could ascertain but little. 1 mention these facts, as demonstrating the ex tension of tlio salt formation further west, In tint latitude, than is generally supposed. It is desirable that the saline indications in tho west ern nam of tho Stale, if any there lie, should .r---- - . ..... ! carefully explored: mere oemg nine uuinn that the requsilo attention to tho thickness, inclination and mutual relation of rock strata, would enablo ono to predict with much certainty, whether salt water could bo reached by sinking wells in other parts of the Sine. Dcds of 6i7iiiinoiu cool, scum to bo almost co-OXtonsivo with tho strata of shale and sandstono in .'lii-h ibnv neciir. This invaluable- mineral is dis tributed in tho most lavish abundance, throughout the eastern and south eastern counties of Ohio, from the hoad waters ol (ho uuyanoga, 10 near me ih ni ilm Hcinto. Tho problem is now one of groat interest, and tho day it not remotely future, WhOn II Will 00 IIIVUBIUU Willi VUBI. lllv.vuv, .v dctormino whether tho coal measures are continued beneath the alluvial and limestono strata of tlio wido prairies and vW'imls, which lie about the Maumeo, Upper Scioto, nnd .Miami rivers. A careful rccoiinoissanco of tho counties of Adams, Highland, Fayette, Delaware, Richland, Medina, ami 1'iiroi ight probably settle the question. As a faet relevant to the subject, I will add, on tho authority of Dr. Hance, of Chlumbus, that coal was found at tlio depth of thirty feet, upun sinking a common well through limestone half a mile north of Marion. At Bedford, fifteen miles south of Cleveland, near the bottom of a docp gorge, apparently channeled out by the waters of a perennial creek, thrnugh slate and sandstono, a strtituhi of bituminous shale occurs, near twenty feet in thickness. It is probably about one hundred and lil'tv feet above the level of Lake Krie. This shale readily splits into broad plates near one-eighth ofnti inch in thickness, is to.'erably free from pyrites, is almost black, and upon casual inspection bears h striking resemblance to tlio argillite, or roofing slate, which is quarried on tho Hudson river. The luinitirc are of.cn ornamented superficially, with here and there a rhomlioitUil, jot black spot, possessed of a brilliant luster, and embraced by a peculiar radiated structuro. The Rev. K. F. Willey, of Cleveland, my companion in exploring this ravine and its vicinity, resolved to tile a roof with this material, by way of experiment. Mr. James S. Clark, the owner of this site, who is about to erect extensive machinery upon it, supposes when tho water is low, that steam engines may bo supplied to great advantage with this inflammable shale, ns a substitute fur other kinds of fuel. Upon trial wc found it to bum almost as readily as bituminous coal, losing one-eighth its weight by the process, and leaving a residue which retains the slaty form. V lien the time comes that tho citizens of Cleveland set about lighting their streets and public buildings with gas, I believo this shalo will come into must valuable requisition; being admirably adapted for that purpose, on account of its mechanical structure. The clay slate or argillaceous shale, is a fine grained, laminated formation, alternating in thick and numerous strata with the coal, tho bituminous shale nnd the sandstone. Considered in respect to its wide and abundant distribution, it is an important member of the group to which it belongs. Particles of carhointe oflime sometimes intermit-glo with its argillaceous constituents, when it becomes a valuable marl for improving upland soil. Mora frequently it abounds with disseminated mites and masses of the golden sulphuret of iron, which, by decomposition when exposed, generates exluitislless beds of copperas ifnd crude alum, products that will bo turned to profitable account, whenever they receive the attention of manufac turing cmniists. In several localities within the State, this formation embraces some of the most curious nnd wonderful of nature's mineral produc tions. Hard, lapidcotis concretions, exhibiting a radiating fibrous structure, and possessing almost perfect Btihericity, are profusely imbedded in the argillaceous shale. A few miles north of Wor- thington, where they give interest to a dark and gloomy ravine, they vary from the Bize of a billiard ball to that of a stage coach. If the reader desire, ho will find a particular description of these globes in the Western Medical Journal, No. 'il. Certain varieties of clay slate by disintegration give origin to beds of tho most valuable clay. PSueli beds occur in the lull-side two miles north ol Roseoc. This clay, which has the whiteness of chalk, and is perfectly freo from lime and iron, is bviously adapted lor the liner kinds ot pottery. In the north-eust part of the State, beds of plastic clay aro of frequent occurrence. In tho regions of freestone, coal and salt, iron ore is an abundant mineral product. We meet with tlio red amillaceous oxide, the iron stone, and the nodular iron ore: Tho nodular variety occurs in W aslnnston county, ot a structure so line and compact, as to render it of great value to cer tain mamilacturers tor tho purposo ot burnishing metals. Iron ore is said to be abundant in the counties of Wood and Huron, in a region which is generally supposed to be disconnected with the main ferruginous deposit. Judge llailhache in his Oazctteer of Ohio, says that extensivo beds of Spanish brown, or earthy red oxide ot iron, nave been discovered on the banks of tho llig Walnut, in the south-east part of Delaware county. 1 think we should be encouraged to seek for tho ores ol this most valuable metal, in tracts of country whero they are yet unobserved, lireat service might be rendered tlio State, by carefully analyzing the ores from the dillerent beds, and indicating tnc best materials nt hand required lor mixing them. The conglomerate variety ol sandstone contains smooth, rounded, nuartzoso pebbles ot various sizes, mixed with particles of sand. It is gener ally superimposed upon common sandstone, and consequently often occupies the most elevated tracts of country. When piled one upon another in wild disorder by tho rude masonry of nature, theso rocks not uiifrcquently wear a most rugged aspect, or put on an airot sublimity. Many u hold and t iwering precipice may be seen, in following the Ohio Canal through Licking Narrows. The unique elevation of land between l'ainusvillc and Cleveland, called the Little Mountain, possesses the same ireolosrical characters. I have noticed this conglomerate rock in the hills about Akron, iierliniisone hundred feet abovu tho Summit Lake; and coiisetuientlv near lour hundred and ninety-five leet above Lnko line. I ho santl resulting Irom itB natural or nrtihcial disintegration, is remarkably pure silex, nnd is loiind to answer well in tlio nianu-ficttiro of flint glass and liro bricks. The brick makers of Cleveland have been in the habit ol'haul-ing large quantities of this sand in wagons from tho Little .Mountain, not being aware that it might bo obtained by Canal from Akron, at onc-fuurth the expense. Tho limestone which is met within Franklin countv on tho Scioto, is probably identical with that, which occurring in the Irghest hills, overlies tho coal moasures in the eastern and northern counties. In some localities it is capable of yield ing a most beatitilul gray marble. 1 here aro reasons for believing that tlio Flint ridge, which com menccs in Coshocton county, and pursues a south west courso to near the Ohio river, is referable in its origin to the same geological epoch as tins limestono. They would seem to bo equivalent formations, judging from their position and from tho marine relics entombed in both. It is not improbable, as suiirt'sted bv .Mr. Fcalhcrstonhiiugh in referenco to tho calcarou-siliciutis limitations of Missouri, that thermal waters surcharged with silox may have been ejected from submarine depths, and mingled locally with the waters of nn ocean, whero tho deposition of carbonate of liino was quietly going forward. The subsiding flinty mat- tor would then bo likely to envelop tho same species of zoophytes and testaceous animals as those immured in tlio neighboring contemporaneous iniio- stone. The beautilul crystals ami precious stones, the valuablo hones, and especially tho buhr millstones yielded by tho silicioiis deposit of Ohio, render it both interesting and important. Il is a desideratum to tlotermino certainly whether it is an equivalent of tho Scioto limestone, or is really a distinct and independent formation. Lead ore is said to occur plentifully near the sourco of tho Walhonilins, Coshocton county. I!' so, it iB most probably embraced in tho silicioiis deposit, and associuletl with other interesting and valuable minerals. Dr. Hildreth mentions a white lithographic limestone, as occurring about tho head u-ninri of tho Little Muskiniruui. over a tract of rniintrv citrlit or ten miles square. T'lis deposit will doubtless provo highly useful to tho architect and the artist: it is therefore, desirable that its truo distribution should be carefully determined. -Much of the superficial area of tho state is occupied by commingled clay, sand, gravel, rounded pebbles and bowlders, which have evidently been distributed and left by currents of water. They constitute what some denominate the diluvial deposit, others tho erratic block group. Though diluvial action has recorded itself in great and perma nentcfl'ec.ts, in almost every known country on the face of tho globe, geologists are yet seldom permitted to contemplate these effects on a scale so magnificent, as where exemplified in tho wide prairies and contiguous forests of Ohio. Fragments of all possible varieties of primitive and secondary rocks, of every hue, and every size, from tho mite of sand made visible by the magnifier, to tho immovable mass of granite; all characterized by rounded forms, consequent upon long continued attrition in water, mingle disorderly together, and constitute a rude inequal stratum. The primitive bowlders at least, must have been transported from great distances; inasmuch as no primitive veins or strata show themselves in traveling to the northwest, whence the main diluvial currents probably came, until we have crossed the Lakes Huron and Superior. Who cannot, therefore, recognize the former existence of mighty currents of water, beneath which our continent has more than onco been submerged! Tho larsrcr blocks of sienito and granite, lio mostly in little colonies on the surface of tho ground, angular still nnd unworn, as tlioti"h recently quarried trom their native fastnesses. If diluvial currents alone, were ever adequate to the conveyance of these huge fragments, what fortunate concurrence of circumstances could have prevented the mechanical removal of their sharp angles during the passage May they not have been floated down from remote arctic shores on islands of ice! In many localities it is almost impossible to distinguish the ancient diluvium from beds of river-made alluvium which to this day are in progress of formation. I have often sought a-mong the sand and pebbles, but always sought in vain, for traces of animal or vegetable existence, which might bo considered contemporaneous with the diluvial deposit. Seldom indeed do wo meet with specimens of steatite, chlorite, and other of tho less indurated, primitive minerals. May not the long continued mechanical violence, which gave to the jasper, the rock crystal and the Green stone smooth surfaces and rounded forms, have re duced tlio sott and hssilc minerals to powder, and obliterated every mark of a more recent organized existence! Wo frequently moot with water-worn fragments of limestone, containing a variety of marine fossils; which fossils aro referable, howov er, to a more ancient formation. Extensive beds of fine-graiucd, blue quartzose marl, show themselves in the vicinity of Akron. In the neighborhood of Canton, there is said to be a large tract covered to the depth of several feet with a calcareous marl, which among other good qualities, is found to be highly useful to builders. It is by no means improbable that similar deposits will hcroafter be discovered in other sections, which will prove bcnslluinl to the interests ofagriculture. In the northern counties, near the anticlinal ridge, which scuds its waters on cither hand beyond tho remote confines of the Union, many small lakes occur, on the quaking margins ol which, the formation ofpeat is now in progress. So far as I have observed, naturo carries on this operation mainly through the agency of two species of moss, (Sphagnum latifolium, el Sphagnum aculifolium.) Souio of these lakes must in time be thus oblitera ted, as others obviously have been heretofore. .Many interestingand authentic particulars respecting the disappearance of these lakes, havo been given by Dr. William Wood, in tho February number of the Western Monthly Magazine. Da la liecli remarks, (.Manual, p. 11)7,) that 'the relative ago of the deposit, in which the remains of the Jlustodon maximus arc found, cannot be considered as very satisfactorily-ascertained.' I am happy in being able to contribute any thing which may throw light on this matter. Three years' since, the tusks and decayed bones of an unusually large mastodon, commonly called mammoth, were brought to light in ditching a quagmire, half a mile south of Massillon. I visited tho locality on the ninth of lust August. Tho remains were found in a bnggy morass, ot loss than two acres nrea. Around it on three sides at least, are stationed rounded knolls, inatlo up of sand, gravel, argillaceous earth, pebbles, nodules of iron ore, and water worn bowlders of grauwacko and primitive rocks. The same diluvium is continued beneath the quag mire, the proper soil ot which is a black vegetable loam, approaching tho nature of peat, and about three feet in thickness. Tho precise, situation whero tho tusks were found, is hard by an old deer lick, just within tho margin of tho morass, and about two rods west of tho Ohio Canal. They were enveloped in tho loam and rested on the gravel and pebbles at the bottom. Upon searching, my companion, Mr. Lindsly, lound only a small friable piece of bone. This quagmire, indubitably belongs to tho group of modern formations, tho gradual production of similar qtingmircs being often observed in our own day. Tlio North American mastodon became extinct then, in comparatively modern times; doubtless long sinco tho distribution of the ancient diluvium. In prosecuting a geological exploration of the state, the qualities of mineral springs should be investigated; not only on account of inoirown intrinsic importance, but" because they affird an un erring indication respecting tho nature of the strata through which they pass. .Many tnmuli and other lesser monuments of antiquity, aro scattered over our territory, which have nevor yet been noticed. Theso objects I im-ugiiio might very properly bo embraced in a geological purvey of tlio state. Kspccial cognizanco bIioiiIiI bo taken of tho forest trees, nnd other verfetable productions. The native plants that spring up from a soil, often afford suro criteria by which to judgo of its quality. Forest trees constitute a respectablo item in tho list of our resources; and as the kinds prevalent de pend much upon tho rocky substratum and Boil, they should recoivo a share ol attention. Age of the Rock Strata of Ohio, compared with Euraprnn formations. I am pretty well satisfied, so far as wo may judge from tho little which has been accomplished in tho investigation ol mo organic remains iounu in tho rocks of this stnto, that not one of our formations can bo considered tho precise geological equivalent of any of the European formations. Tluise 'historic medals of creation,' upon which so much rcllanco is justly placed, indicato clearly, in my opinion, that our liinostonos, sandstones, and coal measures, as a singlo group, were produced dnrinr that long period in tho chronology of the trlobe. which eavo origin to tho older fossiliferous strata ot the eastern continent. Accorumgiy il suems th it the granwacke and old red sandstone of European geologists, is more nearly equivalent to this group, than aro tho tfritish coal measures or the new red sandstone. .The render will find many inlcrollng remarks on the subject, hy IUniki. Untax, M. D.tn Iho Traiitnctionsof the Ainerl ran Philosophical Horlely for 1RJ5. To the Stump! A llARIIF.t'UF. AND BIIOOTINO MATCH will lake nlnre on the Inml of A. W. McCoy, five mens trom the city of Columiius, on SiTi-nniY, 211th At orsT, it 10 o'clock, A. M. The Candl dues for Congress and the Slate Legislature are eipcrtcil to address TUB I'F.nri.H. The cltiuns of Franklin county are In Tiled lo attend, August 9 y Fioin the Seioto (JasetU. Ir MERCHANT'S MEET1N0. At a general meeting of the Merchants of Chillicothe, held at Win. Ros-s, Ksq.'s "Upper Room," on .Monday evening, the 25lh inst., for the purpose of consulting together on tlio subject of unreasonable detention of tloods, and other irregularities on the New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania Canals; John M'Cov, Fsq., being called to the Chair, and R. W. IIuriihiuue, appointed Secretary, Messrs. Win. Ross, Win. Carson, Wm. Y. Strong, and II. .McLandburgh, a Committee appointed by a previous meeting, submitted the following report and resolutions, which, after having been read, were unanimously adopted: REPORT. Tho committee, appointed in pursuance of a resolution passed by a meeting of the .Merchants of Chillicothe, which was, "to inquire and report generally, on the subject of detent ion, damages, and overcharge on freight &c, on tho New Vork, Ohio, and Pennsylvania Canals," havo given to the various subjects which the latitude of the resolution admits, all the consideration that their importance to, and bearing on, the main objects of the meeting seemed to demand, and in dischajgo of the duties dovolvcd upon them repurt:V That, in Consequence of the late commencement of operations on tho New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania Canals, occasioned by the extraordinary severity of the last winter, together with the great accumulation of GooiIb, in New York and Philadelphia, ready fur shipment, it is not surprising that there should have been some irregularity in forwarding Ooodson those great thoroughfares; but your committee cannut per-ccivo any justification fur such prolonged detention, as must of the Merchants havo suffered during the last spring, in the transportation of their Goods. Ucfure the construction of Canals and Rail roads, Goods were forwarded with a great do-gree of certainly and regularity: seldom, indeed, did the wagoners fail in their engagements; if they did so, they were invariably fined, and that heavily, ilut,su well pleased were the western Merchants with the construction of tho great Canals leading to the west, that on their first going into operation, they patiently endured much irregularity and detention, Imping that the carriers would soon systematize a plan by which they could forward Goods with tho certainly and regularity of conveyance by wagons. In this reasonable expectation, however, the Merchants have been disappointed; and instead of amendment, increased irrcgularily annually occurs; and during the last spring to such an cxlent that they are compelled lo take a stand iu oppo sition lo it. And on this subject, there is reason to believe that the same sentiments are entertained hy the Merchants throughout the wost; fur their complaints are loud and frequent. Merchants aie certainly not under greater obligations lo carriers than the carriers are to them. The best condition of trade is when the employers and the employed are mutually benefited. While the committee believe. that the Merchants have good grounds fur complaint against carriers of Goods on the New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania Canals, for palpable neglect and want of system in forwarding Goods, and that they Buffer not only constant vcxalion and inconvenience, but lo-s, by the arbitrary and op pressive conduct of the latter, yet they are of opinion, thai in all cases ol unreasonable detcn-ol Goods, recovery of damages, and overcharge on freights, that any rules or regulations the .Merchants of this place might institute among themselves for the purpose of relorming these abuses, would be unavailing and of no effect, and that their only redress is by recourse to tlic laws of the land, llicsc arc simple and well tleliued, and all-sullicieut fur tho prelection of both owners and carriers of Goods; for the committee cunceivo thai no laws aro better established than thoso relating lo tho liabilities of carriers, as none, perhaps, aro more frequently brought into action. They helieve that It is a settled prin ciple of law, thai common carriers, by Canal or otherwise, are liable for all losses thai do nut fall within the excepted cases of the act of God and the public enemies, except so lar as incy may bo exompted by Iho exceptions in the contracts of the charter parly, and bill of lading or by the special laws of tho State Legislatures. They are answerable for all accidents and thefts, and even for a loss by robbery; fur the loss of a box or parcel of Goods, lliuiigh they be ignorant of the coulents, or though tluise contents be ever so valuable, unless they made a specialacceptance. The committeo aro not awaro that any cases have arisen in our own court. or the couits of oth er States, on lliu subject ol unreasoniiiio ue- tcntion of Goods when no specified time of delivery was designated, but they havo little doubt that eases of this nature havo arisen, and by good authority aro advised that an action on tins subject could be as clearly sustained, as nn action brougm simply for the recovery o' damages fur actual inju ry to Goods, tlio letters ol Uoui mission .uercnatiis to the contrary notwithstanding. If (toads can bo detained between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, ton, twenty, or thirty days beyond tho usual timo with impunity, they can bo held lor astill longer period, and where uro the rights of tho mercantile community! Hut tho cuiiiniittcc believe that tho law is ndcquie to their protection, audit' in the contracts for tho delivery of Goods, tho timo of tho delivery bo not absolutely expressed, it is implied that they shall bo delivered in a reasonable that is, tho customary time; presupposing, ns a matter ol'courso, that they have been fairly delivered into tho hands of tho carriers or their authorized agents. It is well known that heretofore, when a defi nite number of days was noted in tho bill of lading, when this tuna was exceeded, damages wnen demanded for such excess, were regularly paid. Now itnppcars that the carriers have taken every thing into their own hands, and by roiusinj to spoony a coitain timo of delivery, seem to suppose that they nre exempted from all responsibility as to any time of delivery whatever, and havo tho privilego of holding Goods ns long as mny cost sun mrir convenience. Ought tho owners of Goods passively to submit to this! If thiB course of things bo tolerated, what security havo they when they ship their Goods that Ihey will roceivo them at homo in season to meet their business cilculutions! Tho committee aro of opinion, though they are not in tho possession of positive facts, that the chief cause of the vexatious and unwarrantable detention ol'Goodson tho Pennsylvania Cunil, arises from too great a desire of tho Canal-boat lilies and Commission Houses to irciiri! a largo amount of business, and lor tho crratilication of this purpose. nro willinir to sacrifice tho interests of owners of Goods, by undertaking to receive a larger quantity of freight than they can poBsibly deliver within n reasonable time, and depositing it promiscuously in ware-houses nt difl'erent points on tho Ca nals, thcro to bo detainod until thn great pressure of tho business season has passed away, and thcro-by not only perverting the well established maxim, "that the first to coino should be the first served," but causing inlinito oinhirrassmunt ami detri ment to the business of a Merchant, arising trom the separation of parcels of Goods, loss ot time, and early sales; for with him, timo emphatically is money. As tho committeo conceive that a more expression ofthe sentiments of the Merchants is nil that is necessary or expedient at this time, therefore, in view of the various topics submitted to them, and in conclusion, they respectfully submit for the consideration ofthe meeting the following resolu tions: 1. Risolrrd, That the laws ofthe land ar.?, in every respect, sufficient for the protection of both owners and carriers of Guotls, und tint in all cases of unreasonable detention, damages, excessive charges, theft, or abstraction of Goods from pack ages, we mutually pledge ourselves to counten nice and d-Mill iu our power lo protect and support each other in the attainment of each other's rights. 2. Unsolved, That the present irregular mode of forwarding Goods on tho New York, Ohio, nnd Pennsylvania Canals, (but more especially tho 1 it-ter,) is not only devoid of system, and vexatious, but highly arbitrary' and oppressive, and ought not to bo submitted to, nnd I hat we recommend to the Merchants in other sections ofthe country generally, to adopt such moasures as may load to a reformation of abuses. 3. Resolved, 'I'liut the opinion of Commission Merchants at Pittsburgh, that damages cannot be recovered fur the unreasonable detention of Goods when no precise time of delivery is specified in the bill of lading, and when they have been fiirlv shipped, is erroneous and absurd, and wrong in point ot tact. 4. Resolved, That we are of opinion that the carriers of Goods should be held answerable for all damages of whatsoever nature, unless in cases in which they are exempted by law or by special contract. WM. ROSS, ) WM. CARSON, f WM. Y. STRONG, Committee. II. McLANDIIURGlI, ) On motion, it was Resolved, That tho proceedings of the meeting be published, nod that the names ofthe .Merchants be appended thereto. J01IV McCOY, Ch'mn. R. W. UiiiimuwiE, Sec'ij. Win. II. Douglass, Orr ft Atwood, J. S. llu rnlia in & Co. A. Carlisle, . Amberg, llonser & Ghormly, J. McClintick, John C. Scott, .1. Stewart, N. W. Thatcher, . Liiiilo & Wolfe, Gardner tc Schutte, McCoys tc Len, .M.issio & lleutley. Reeves & Ilurbridge, 1). Adams ft Co. J. P. Campbell, Cox F.'-kart, .1. & G.Wood, Joseph Jones, T. Graham, .T.& S. McClintick, R. Stewart, W. R. Drury, II. Delano, It. W. Denning As Co J.A:IL McLaiidburgh .T.Carlisle, jr. ators, pretending to represent tlio democracy of i. he State, (and our own able Senator, Mr. GfeO. WELl,IIOi;.-ii:, among the number,) voted that the people of Perry county, for tho present year, should each have in tho House of Representatives, a voice equal to four of the people of Muskingum county. If a more unjust and aristocratic measure ever met t!ie approbation of any legislative body on earth, it h is yet to ho made known to us. Ofthe passage of this unjust act, in tho House of Representatives, wo will not treat, further than to say, that it met the unanimous support of tho aristocratic party, and .Mr. Mimeb, our talented rep. resontative.aud Km Hai.dwix, the candidate ofthe parhjfor G DYE UXOR, among the number,'-. Alter voting fir this aboininalilo bill, what confi. d-.'iiee could any one place in tho honor, justice, or impartiality of Mr. Baldwin, should he bo elected Governor! The man who would deprive the poo-plo of any portion ofthe State, of their just share in tlio govern,ii:;nt, nnd give to his political friends four times a greater representation than ho would sillier his opponents to enjoy, is evidently unfit for tho high ollico offtovcriior. With suoh a man, wo are Warranted in believing that all that would be necessary to move him to act, would bo the fact that tho party would bo benefited; and ifsuchmon are promoted to high places, wo shall not be aston. ished, if in a few years timo, all that will be no. ct-ssary, evtn to procure a liberation from the pen. itentiary, will bo a party certificate that the ruI. ject sought to be discharged, is a thorough whole nog v an Huron man. It is fur tlio people to say whether tnese unngs snail or eiiu.ii ut b. . ' From the ll'ioster Journal ani Times. AITUIITION.MENT LAW. As the act regulating the apportionment of Rep resentatives among the several counties in this State, is one of the subjects that is t:i occupy the attention ol the meeting to be convenod on Sat urday next, wo havo thought it might bo woll to present our readers with tho Protest of the minority in the Senate against tho passage of that unjust act, together with tables shewing the popu lation and represent ition ol cacli county. It any thing was necessary in addition to all former acts of tho party, to put down all their pretensions to democracy, that evidence is amply afl'irdcd in the enacting ol thiB law. Democracy cannot be sepa rated from public privileges anil public good. A Democratic Government is one that so mi res to each and every citizen, exact and equal justice; gives to each member a perfect equality of rights, and privileges; secures to each tho right of thinking speaking, and writing, in regard to all and every public act or ineasuro, jn-t ns ho nleises; without incurring any risk or responsibility for tho exer- ercise thereof. '1 hose being tho constituent prin ciples of democracy, il necessarily follows, that no man, or party, who viohito thorn, can with truth be characterized otherwise than as aristocrats. Among the rights Bccured to each citizen of Ohio hy tho Constitution of tho State, is the right ol be ing represented iu tlio legislature nn ns l.ivnrnie terms as any other. Tho words of tho Constitu linn aro ns follows: "Tlio number of Representatives shall, at the sever il periods of miking the en imeration, be fixed by tlio L 'gisl ,itur. and ap portioned among the several co mtir-s, accordnir to the number ot wh tc male inhabitants above tli atro of tivcntv-ono years, in each." No constitutional inmnel loll cmiid go lurllicr than this, to establish a democracy, or, which is the same thing, to guarantee a perfect equality of representation; it is as imperative on the ni 'in icr.- of the legislature, as any language can miko it. and tho man who, in a legislative c ipacity, utulor the obligations ol an oath to support til l constitution, (as they nil are,) should disregard the ohlig i linn, is morally as guilty of petjury, as if Iu were voluntarily to go before a coiup.'tent oin -or nn I m ike his solemn oath in any fact whatever, knowing that no such fact existed. After premising these things, we proceed to make an application of tin principles we have laid ilo.vu. At the late session of the General Assembly of our Stale, a law was passed for the apportionment of Representatives. That act, ns will ho seen hy reference to the protest nnd tables, nnd co up ared with tho law itself, does a gl iring and manifest in justice to a large portion of the people ol the State, by depriving them ol a just snare mine representation; and for no other ciuse, than tint in tho ex ercise of their rights, as fioomen, they hid dared to believo that .Martin an Iluren was not entitled to be president of tho United States. It is not our purposo to go at large into tho subject und dwell on tho relative population of each county, nnd test thoir rights to the number ol llepros mt itives given them by the law; that has been dono t" soin extent by the protest before referred lo. Wo will tako for illustration two contiguous counties, the counties of .Muskingum and Perry. In regard to Representatives, the law i as follows: " To the county of Muskingum ono Representative. To the county of Perry ono Repres -nt a'ive; also ono Rep resentative to bo elected iu tlio year 1 in. auk ns regards popuhtirn, that of Muskingii n, which has lor tho present year ono u-'pr'suut ilivo, me freo males tiro hy the census tl.Hlfl, and Perry, which has two Repres Mitativ.'s, Ins a population of 3,IHW, not half the number, and is thus nwirded a representation four tinr'S gr-vitor than Musi ing-inn. The odious and ttrislocriticchirieUrnl this measure, no candid man can deny; it is too plain to escape the observation ol any on.'. Fooling this desper.i'.o art of injustice dono ti Muskinzuin. Mr. (.'ox, tho Senator fro-n tint conn IV. on tho It It It d iy of M tr-'h, (see Sunt! Jour nal, page O'.'T.) moved to recuniui.t tin bill to select committee, with tn-tru'-tinns to s'nk out thu Representative fur Perry county, nnd Inns for it to Muskingum county. Tins iill'u-ljl i fiir opportunity M all who were dis ios -if to d. justice) in tins particular, tone put lit mikmiv like honest men. And what was tli.' result ! 'I'll motion was lost b-' a vote of 'Jl ngiin-t it, to 1 1 lor it. Th" votes wero, for jistiee M -ssrs. A I l- n, (iix, Donally, Fl-n Gring-T, li.utiti Howard, James, Kendall, K ng, .Mors.!. Xrwvll teu!e, nnd Wadsworth, II. For injustice Messrs. Watte, ('rouse. ILyknis, Hunt, Ivirliy, l.i dcy, Medary, M'Laughlin, Patterson, Price, Hi venseroft. Scott, Slurp. Slicpler, Sinngl-'r, TiV lor. Thompson, Vincent, Wollliuiise, and Speak or, 21. Thus itnppcnrbtiial twenty-one Ohio Sen Western Literary Journal, A.l MONTHLY REVIEW. .SMITH & DAY, Printers nnd Publishers, No. U, .Mum street, Cincinnati, have just issued, (Juno 1, 1830,) the first number of a new monthly mngnziiie of the above title, llnvinir taken upon myself the editorial charge of the work, I urcct former friends and ncquain. liincc-s, nnd respectfully solicit the courtesies and support ul 'Aiihl Lung Syiie.' Tho magazine will bo dt. viileil into three parts, ns follows: I. Liraunv Jui'rxal. This department will consist principally of I. Tales nnd t-kcu-hes, ninny of which will be of western locality, und illustrnto the history, scenery, peculiarities of situation, nnd manners of life, . ol this section of the Union; 2. Well written Essays, on (ainonoilierihi-iiiis) ihc geology, mineralogy, flora, internal improvements, &c., uf Iho Mississippi Valley) 3. I'ociry, Historical Notes, Humbling Sketches, ic. II. Mo.vrui.v ltmr.w. This department will be de voted tu brief nnd candid notices uf the current publi. cations, wiih sin-li extracts as may be though! worthy ol especial cuaiiiiendatiun, or considered uf unusual in. ten-st. In it, western publications that may reach lis, shall receive particular attention. in. r.mroii's i,cimi:t. I. iotcs on City Improve inenis. 2. Itetiiarkson passing events. 3. Uriel' dis cussioiiH of luiail matters uf interest. 4. Progress, at home nnd abroad, of the Arts and Sciences. 5. Litem. rv Innlii-'cncc, Jtc. Aic. In cairiiii; o it this ib'siirn. every excrt'on shall bo made un my pari; nnd I have lull lii'ith in Ihc aBsurancs of l lie publishers, that, if n dispnsiiiun be ninnilcBicd tu s'lpiKirt ihciii in the undertaking, no expense shall bo spared to enrich ihc pages of the inngazino with pro. unctions ironi ine niucst pens in the I alley. Already ihn names of a suflicient number of literary nnd sciou-lilie geni'.e ucn are enrolled upon our list ol contributors, to ijivu the work iuieresi, variety, nnd usefulness; and uthers will be nilded from time to time, ns llie patron-unc extended lo iho undertaking may be found toincrease. With l his brief outline, the experiment is submitted for the cons'dcrntiun of the western penplc. IV 1L1.1A.U V. UALLAUHISK. CoxnmoNs. The Literary Journal and Monthly Ro- view, is it-s'icd, a number un the first day of onch month. 1 he s i . is n lariro octavo, ul Tl panes ol original nint-ler. The wurk is primed with new materials, on fine medium paper, well studied nnd handsomely covered. The year will he divided into two volumes, of 4.j0pnqcs each. Annual Siilneription: Thrco dullars, if paid at the time uf subscribing; Three dollars and fitly cents, in 'r tuonihs; or Fuiit dollars, if payment be delavoa till alter thai lime. Subscriptions will be rccet.ed' for one volume, (six months), in $1 75, to be paid in all cases iu advance, to the undersigned, or their authorized agents. Address SMITH & DAY, Iubtishcrt, Cinrinnati. Spring Valley Mills. Tilt: Pirhn Valley Mills and COO si-its of t.sml, food portion nfwIiMi U Isilitiin nuil nnn'oveit, U n lcred for sale on terms ivt ll i alrulnlnl lo i lease rMeriri.lg men of siimll canitsl, wlilrli llipy wish lo litvt-s! in n lucrative and permanenthnsl-nt-ss. The l.nn.l I, all "isiil, anil Hip IliuMins new, consisting of a Saw ami Hi 1st Mill, ivitu two, tint cnkulaleil for three, run of stu'K's, Tliis .ro;erly Is slhiiileit on Oak Run, in Union lim-ns!iti, M.ii!i-.qii routity, 11 inili-s from JiilR-ruin, 7 from. Ln favi-no, j from London, and 2J from Columbus. 7'llle Indisputable.For futllirr pnrtl-ulars Inquire of JOHN O. ItOIIlNPON, on. tin- iri-mlsi',or at Columbus ol HAMMOND HOWE. Auuti.t IG Disirlioin llnit'l, l.tiwrcncclHirgh, Indiana. THK iiiider.i.'lird Is now opening Hotel, for pu'lle arrom- mo'lutlon, In Dial rominiHlimi linndliiit Ioiir occupied as an Inn, Mnii'iii!i to Waller Armstroim, front whom he lias taken n lease fur a term of years: wliere ho hopes In a s'lorl lime to he prepared lo keep n IIOl'SK OF KXTKItTA I NM KXT equal to any in the We-tern country. Tuo House Itself la unusually p'en'.iul, with Inrue and airy rooms, and aurcenldv eitualeri standiii-i on n siiiarn alone, unconnected with other buildings. Tlio wliolc pri-mi.es is tinilr.rnoliig repnlrs, n-hl'-h, whencoin-id'-luil, will re -ul.-r It as convenient nnd as comfortable for travelers or hiinr.lo s ns any similar establishin.-iil In the Stale. The stiiMi1 will be Inli-rior to none in llie country, and wall supplied w ith liny. -jrain. r. A Heading Itnnm is Intended to be kept, where newspapers f i nut i'io Ailioilic cities, and other sections of our country, will l.n re.'ularly llb-d. In this his new undrjrtnkln. the under-.1 ii-d intends to uinkeevory one who may lie pleased to call, as roinlortnb!c und ns much nt home ns pos.i'ile. Ilrovers ran bo fiuiiHhed Willi lo!a for llie convenience of t'.ielr xtork. It. C. LANGUON. I.awri uccburh, July itS.. Til l'.!IT)nS OF NEWSPAPERS, &.c. One of your corrs, It w ill lie seen by the above notice, has reused Ills wonted vocntlou for a senson, and assumed another: ftoin nn IMtlor he I mrtnmnrphntu'd into a llonnifnre. Instead of c.-iteriiit for the nviitnl tanti-s of old lilernry friends, tie la about lo cut und enrve lor the corporeal palnles of new ones, In epl-riirenn style. PMinuld any of you chnucQ to nana this way, no mailer uf whnt political creed, you shnll be sure of a cordial re- epnoi nnd n hearty welcome, scot free; and truly hnppy will be bo to tireet nnv of bis former brethren ofthe toilsome art. licspi-rllully, fcc. R. C. I.ANli HON. WilloHgliliv Mfilical College. TUT. I.eclurrs nt this Institution wilt commence on Munday, tha llr.t of November nejt. rrinFF.son.'. Aianna Trairbrvtse, M, 11., rrofessor of Surgery and Medical Jurisprudence. In ft .. -W. V'lo'la. M. II., rrnfessor of Theory and Prac tice ol pliylc, and of tl'irletilcs and diseases of Chlldron. S- . C'M'f-'s, M. 11., I'rofcs-or of Chlmistry. . Wrf, M. II., l'iolt-s-or ol Anatomy and Physiology. II m. .If. Sini'. M. II., Professor of M ileila Medlra. The prire of Tickets for till Iho Incline 9j4 00 flea dilation lee .10 (SI Malibulation noil t.lhrnry Ticket 5 00 The C .1 e:n t.uildt 2 will bo reudv for the rerestion of stn dents, nnd the Clilm-'-iil and Annlonilcal rooms provided vrlloT niuple apparatus nnd lli-moiistintloiis. It.iarilinj at WU'oil.'libv, from (i ,0 In $2(10 per week. July ',..i;n' II. c II All AM. M. II. Secretary. IV'olire. A the su"tci'sT 1, n'lout rlo-lnn bis business In Columbus, all t'm.e Inilc'.tcd lo l.lm nre ii-ipiestel tnrall nt the old stand, No, I, fl.ni la'e's How, and Millie, without further notice. Aii'iil!l I.. Itr.VNOI.riej. lVlcrs' Reports, 10 Vols. Po'ptV Cnrulvninl UrHiM., G vols. For into bv Jiii. i MONROR HRM iNVw IMiiion of Cl.itty on Hills, '.HIM I'M i iliil m, Oinn Hip t:ti1i I. nt don rtllMnn, ttrwlv mod l, nti I b n' ly linptovi ii nod s n'jrLi.l: fontninluc tho Am I :.! .tv ot' ri.rniiT I'lliiM-im, l.y Jiiilcp Hrnry, R. IK Inttralinm mil Tutvin llituiin jtitii. r.rn. To whirl, l now kl(M, tl.t ';i. f tlr' iilt tl In Hifl Cotiria ol' Ho I'ulinl Hlnirt, unit of Urn writ I St 11 ten, lo Hip pnwiil him, noil tin ilrrUioupof nil tlte F.itg i.i ronrtu In l:U3 nnd M, rnntninini 1000 nifr. I vol. OvK toy 1'iPtif OallvlP nvcVec. Jiiitrrrp.lTQd anil fnr hy Ji l MONROE BHI.U