Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1846-12-02

              WEEKLY 0 TO STATE JOURNAL VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1846. NUMBER 14. PUBLISHKD KVKHY WBU.NKS!)y MUK.NINli, BY WILLIAM B. Til HALL Office in the Jounrnt Huilding. aouth-oost corner of High s.lreetaiid iiiiKarallcy. TERMS: TuitKK Dol.l.AfiN pun annum, which may he discharged by the payment of Two Doi.mhs in advnncn, arid tree of pnstagn, r of jut riMitiiiw lo Admits or Collectors. Tho JonrniU is nlan puhlishnd daily during the session of the Legislature, Ami tlmcc a week the remainder of (tie your lor 5 and three time t week, yearly, fur Jjl. The CoutilitueuU and thetr Representative ; There it no subject of more important and delicate relation!, or which has elicited in 'ire interesting dis-1 cussion, than those of the represcnt-itive to his constituents. Thty have undergone mnny changes in thin country. Tii realtor, by referring to the colonial hit tory of the New England States, will find Unit in the early dawnings of democracy the lirit delegates lor example in the Day State to resist the despotic encroachments of the mother country the representative was fully instructed by those who sent him. Subsequent meetings were often held to further advise him in matters of such overwhelming importance. No instance occurs to us of any difference of opinion between them, for the fire was but just lit at the altar, and it was watched by all with priceless vigilance. Ai the sphere of the representative was enlarged, more discretionary power was necessarily lodged in his keeping. It seems but filling there should always be a mutual confidence and understanding. How otherwise can a representative act ? A thousand circumstances may 'materially affect the pending question, and you select the man whose education and character best fit him for the station. You entrust your judgment in a great measure to his keeping. Hence the necessity of nice discrimination and honest purpose in making the selection. His oalh seals the covenant, and you must bide the issue. He is a representative not only of the county he is sent from, but a representative of the State of Ohio, We have been induced to this reference in consequence of a late case in the French Chamber of Deputies, which his been the theme of general remark. The deoision of that body is utterly opposed to the Democratic views of all parties in this country. If a man it elected to carry out S'Jino mem lire, deemed of such paramount importance as to require a distinct understanding and pledge, ho is of course ordinarily bound to conform to these pledges or resign. He may,un-doub(f-dly,cxercisecf(in then some discretionary power ; for instance, if the circumstance which induced the pledge and his acquiescence, should be entirely changed by intervening events. This proves slill more strongly the great necessity of using the same discrimination in the selection of your public agent, as in your private alfiiri. 11 tit in no ewnt could any legislative body, as in the case of Mr. Drault, interfere between the constituency and their representa tive, in what concerns them alone. Any dereliction of duty on his part is to be settled at the ballot but, the true court of appeils. It appears that Mr. Drault, a representative elect to tho Clumber of Deputies, gave a distinct pledge to his friends in matters deemed by them of paramount importance. This fact was elicited during the discussion of this very measure, and it was contended invalidated his seat. The vote was pretty elose, at least for a French Chamber, 151) to EH, so the gentleman had leave to return "to the bosom of his constituents," Mr. Guizut took the affirmative, mainly on this ground "The great character! lie of a representative government was, that every member should h ive the tree exercise ot his own conscience. At the two extremities of the government there was irresponsibility. The King, whoappoints peers and ministers, is irresponsible, and the electors, who named deputies, were so likewise. The giving ol pledges would lend to overthrow the equilibrium that ought lo be maintained, as it would confer power on those who did not discuss. What would bo said if the crown were to require pledges from I ho Peers ai France whom it created ! The crown did not demand any such engagement, and why should electors ? It would, in his opinion, be the subversion of a representative governmeutfor a federative one; which was the worst of all governments, fur it was the srisl'ieracy of localities. To grant to the electors the right of requiring pledges was to create 4.V.I sovereigns ; it was to bring to- f e tlier, in a hostile manner, a certain number of abso-ii le sovereigns, and thus destroy the unity of France. The requiring pit-dues struck at the root of all free discussion ; it abolished the freedom of those who took part in debate; in fact, it was the abolition uf a free government. It hud been said that those pledges were null. The Chamber did not recognize them, and they were consequently not obligatory. Tint doctrine, however, he must designate as an immoral one. It was like a man contracting a debt of honor, and then not paying it It had been also said that a deputy from whom ulcdiFea had been renin red might re Hiiro. Hut what would be the roiisequenee of such a stab! of t imirs ? It in iiI it follow that on the very day that tu government bad rallied round it a certain nmulter of Deputies, those men might find themselves compelled to resign The liberty of the deputy, he repealed, should be unlimited, and therefore He tiiougut me election ought not tu tie validated. Edmund Burke put the same side in far the strong est light. The reader will War in mind however, that there is a wide difference between monarchical and re publican institutions. It is of course desirable that the representative should, as far as possible, retted the feelings and opinions of his constituents. His relations to them are of a far mare delicate and intimate nature, than those between him and the State. He is bound to regard blh, but he is especially bound tn a rigid scrutiny of every measure that may concern his constituency. We should feel humbled st the requirement of a pludgr, as the inference is unavoidable your honesty of purpose is doubted. Consenting to stand as a candidate, is a pledge of your honor to sustain the views nf those who may elect you. In any local matter especially, you would naturally defer to their judgment, except events transpire to materially change the bearing of the case, and if so they must be of such plain and palpable sigiiificaney as to commend the ready assent of your friends. In the case of any questions arising during the session, the constituency might mdriw but would hardly imatruet. They should have at least thai confidence in the ability of ons whom they have honored with so high a trust Mr. Burke says : " It ought to be the happiness and glory of a Representative, tu live in the strictest union, the closest correspondence, and the most unreserved commuuica tiou with ins constituents. Their wishes ought to have great weight with linn; their opinion, high respect ; their business, unremitted attention. " It is Ins duty to sacrifice his repose his pleasures his satisfactions, tn theirs ; and, above all, ever, and in all cases, to prefer their interests to his own. Bui, his unbiassed opminion his mature judgment his enlightened conscience, he ought not tn sacrifice to you, to any man, or any set of men living. I iiese ne does not derive from your pleasure ; no, not from the law and the Constitution. They are a trust from 1'rividence, for tho oh use which ho is deeply answer-1 able. Your Representative owes you not his industry only, but his judgment and he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it tn your opinion. Government and legislation are matters of reason and judgment, and not of instructions ; and what sort of reason is that, in which one set of men deliberate, and another decide; and where those who form the eoncltision are, perhaps, three hundred miles from those who hear (lie arguments.' To deliver an opinion is the right of all men ; that of constituents, is a weighty ami respcctubln opinion, which a Representative ought always to rejoice to hear, and winch he ought always most seriously to consider. Uut sNfaur-I'rarire insluctions; muwliitr issued, which the member is bound blindly and implicitly to obey, to vote and argue for, though contrary to the dearrat convic-victions of his judgment and conscience; these are things evidently unknown tn the laws nf this land, and which arise from a fundamental mistake, of the whole order and tenor of our Contitution. " Parliament is not a (Vmgrvss of Ambassadors from different and hostile intrresis; which interests, each must maintain, as an ageut and advocate; but Parliament is a itrtihrratirr assembly of one nation, with one interrresl that of the whole i where, not local purposes not local prrjudieti augAr to guide, but (Ac genrral good", resulting I'm in the general reason of the whole. You choose a member indeed ; but when you have chosen, he is not a member of Bristol, but a member nf itrlinmrnt If the Umit constituent should Aurt un mrrcjf, it ihuultt form an hailti eroitton. rri drntlu opootitt to the rrnl gmtd of thr rc$t of the community, the member far that place ought lo le s far as any orAer, Jrom say emtettror to get U effected. A subject ol so much interest and importance deserves the careful consideration of the reader. The only object of the remarks is tu draw proper attention to it. H, For tho Ohio State Journal. Mh. Editor 1 send you a part of the Message of Gov. Edwards, of Missouri, addressed to tho Legislature, which convened on Monday, the Kith inst.; which 1 hope you will publish, not as a parti 21m document, but one which breathes true, patriotic and philanthropic doctrines. With Gov, Edwards I have the honor of a personal acquaintance, and well know wliut ho has written be believes. " He's a chiel among us In-kin' notes," and I trow he's printed them No section ol' this great country of ours has such facilities, as a whole, as Missouri, for manufacturing. She is inexhaustible almost in everything. And, air, so soon as manufactories are put in operution throughout our entire country, this bane called party spirit will well nigh Ini driven from our midst. Nearly all questions now are branches, and grow out of this, directly and indirectly. Gov. Edwards spunks out like a man, and had our country ft lew more such men and Governors, we might expect greater abundance and more blessings. The Gov. believes a low tariff or no turitr is the policy for Missouri. Many may and do differ with him 011 this subject, but these are his conaoien-cious opinions and he should not bo condemned for them. And I will take this occasion to say that a very short period of years Will elapse before Missouri with her noble hearted population will be amongst the first in our Union, in manufactures, commerce and agriculture. Yours, 11- Culuiubus, U., Nov. Id4l. Another disadvantage under which we labor, is that we sell almost every tiling we produce at its first and very lowest price, and before any of the profits of trade have been attached to it; and that every thing which we do not produce, wc buy st its least and very highest price, and after all the profits of trade have been attached to it. Another and a greater evil is, that there are many valuable articles, and necessary ones lo supply the wants of life, which we do not pretend lo produce at all, or else produce but partially. Of this class are the various manufactured articles. Wo do not avail ourselves of any of the advantages of the improved machinery of the age of the labor-saving machines ns they are aptly called of tho money making machines as they might be more appropriately called. Wh depend on physical labor, and reject the superior advantages of mental labor we depend on brute force, and reject the advantages of skill and science.These disadvantages under which the mass of our population labors, might be remedied to a great extent 1st, by encouraging the common school ; 2d, by increasing the variety of our pursuits ; 3d, by establishing manufactories ; and 4th, by improving our mails and navigable streams. The common school would prepare our population to apply their labor to the best advantage, to make nnd use the improved machinery of the age, and to avail themselves of the benefits of skill and science in all their operations. An increase in the variety of our pursuits, would diminish the amount of those articles produced in superabundance, and increase the amount of those produced only in limited quantities or not produced at all; and would thus enhance the price of those which had hern produced in superabundance, and diminish the price of those which had not been produced before or else not in quantities sufficient to supply the wants and de-minds of the country ; saving to the country the loss of exporting the one and tho cost of importing the other, and at the same time supplyirg a great number of tho wants and demands nf our population, and giving to a greater number of persons profitable employment. In no other mode can the wealth and prosperity of our country be so much advanced as by the es tablishment of manufactories. They would bring into use and profitably employ a large portion of our population now growing up in idleness, ignorance and vice, and give them steady and industrious habits, and make them useful and meritorious citizens. They can be established on principles calculated to elevate the mind and morals, as much as idleness and vice are calculated lo degrade them. They will further improve our condition, by enabling one person, with the aid of a lew hundred dollars invested ill the improved machinery, to perform the work of hundreds. Well conducted manufactories must make a superior race of people ; or else it is a superior race of people which makes the manufactories. If the littler be true, the Legislature should foster the common school. It would be unfavorable to us to compare the top and wheel, the Indian and the Mis-souruin, and then to extend the comparison between the wheel and the mule, tho Missourianand the Eastern munuficturer. The establishment of manufactories is attended with it difficulties. I'n carry them on very successfully, large investments and superior population are required. We are not without capital, but the high rate of interest and the many supposed profitable invest ments for money which have heretofore existed, have prevented the appropriation of fund to the erection of manufacturing establishments. If the rate of interest were lower, c.ipilal would probably be invested in manufactories to a considerable extent. The tnnlf also retards the establishment of manufactories in our tit ale, whether it be u tariir for protection or a tariff for revenue; for all tariffs nre protections lo a greater or less extent; but a high tan IF lends more to prevent the establishment of manufactories in our Stale than a low one, being a greater protection to the eastern manufacturer. The eastern manufacturer contends that he cannot succeed willmu protection against his foreign competitor. Our interior position, and our remoteness from the principal ports of entry, gives the manufacturer in tins country a protection which no tariff and no want of a tariff can materially altect. If then, the eastern manufacturer was but lightly protected, or not protected at all, ho would find it profitable, tu remove his capital and to invest it in manufactories in the west, where nature would always protect him against the foreign competitor. No country can manufacture cheaper than our Slate. We. have all the necessary ingredients at the lowest prices. We have the real estate, the water power, the ore to make the iron to make the machinery the manual labor, the provisions to support the hands, the raw material, the flax, hemp and word of our own produc tion, and the cotton in exchange for our wheat, com and tobacco, hogs, horses, cattle and mules and these ingredient we have, taken together, cheaper thin any other country on earth. Even our man nil labor is at the lowest price. But, as before, observed, tn manufacturer rry successfully, a superior population is required. Tins we can soon have by fostering the common school, and developing the genius and mechanical ingenuity of the youths of our country. The best mode of facilitating the construction of public works McAdaunied roads, railroads and ca-nils, if the railroad his not superceded th canal and the permanent improvement of our navigable streams, is tn prepare the people, to appreciate the uses and advantages of such work ; and this again can be done in no other mido so successfully, as by sending tho srhool-mnstci into every village and hamlet in the land, and by giving every proper encouragement to the education of the great mass. The common scho l will accomplish every thing if properly encouraged. " gee and haw " of village train days not these winch 1 have won for the Ud Ohio a high and merited conipli-; iiieut from all who have seen it. It is the thorough predominance of a true military rpirit springing from their immedinle commanders, which give them an im mense superiority over all such straggling, sweeping mobs as tho but we never mention names. 1 I'. S. I omitted to state that Geo. Krnusi of the , Columbus Cadets, and John Hellzcr, of the Guards, died a few days ago of camp fever. If the friends or the volunteers expect them to receive their letters they must pay tho postage nothing comes ueyoua 101111. Isabel which is unpaid. A flairs In California---Proclnmatioa of Com modore Stockton, to the People of California On iv nrit.rnnf.ti tn till nnot Wttll the forces Under my command, Jose Castro, the commandant-general ol Uiililorma, nuriea ins artillery, anu auauuoncu ins fortified camp of the " Mesa," nnd fled, it is believed, towards Mexico. With the sailors, the marines, and the California bat- talion ol mounted riflemen, wu entered the "City of Angels," the capital of California, on the Kith of August, and hoisted the North American flag. The flag of the United Stales is now flying from every commanding position in the territory, and California is entirely free from Mexican dominion. The territory of California now belongs to the United States, and will be governed as soon as circumstances may permit, by ollicers and laws similar to those by winch the other territories 01 the uuiieu aiaies are regulated and protected. But until the governor, the secretary and council are unpointed, and the various civil departments of tho government are arranged, military law will prevail, and the commander-in-chief will bo the governor, and protector ot the territory. In tho meantime the people will be permitted, and are now requested to meet in their several towns and departments, at such time and place as they may see fit, to elect civil officers to lill lliu places ol those who decline to continue in office, and to administer tho laws according to the former usages of the territory. In all enses where the people fail to elect, thecommander-in-chief and governor will make the appointments himself. All persons, of whatever religion or nation, who faithfully adhere, to the new government, will be considered as citizens of the territory, and will be zenl-ously and thoroughly protected 111 their liberty of conscience, their persons and property. No persons will be permitted to remain in the territory who do not agree to support the existing government, and all military men who desire to remain, are required to take an oath that they will not take up anus against it, or do or say anything to disturb its peace. Nor will any persons, come from where they may, be permitted to settle in the territory, who do not pledge themselves to be, in all respects, obedient to Hie laws winch may be irom nine to nine enacted uy the proper authorities of the territory. All persona who, without speciif permission, are found with arms outside of their own houses, will lie considered as enemies, and will be shipped out of the country. All thieves will be put to hard labor on tho public works, and there kept until compensation is made for the properly stolen The California battallion of mounted riflemen will be kept in the service of the territory, and constantly 011 dutv. to prevent and itunishany at'irressioris by the Indians, or any other persons, upon the prujHTly of : kind to her. individuals, or the peace of the territory : and Califor nia shall hereafter be so governed and defended as to give security to the inhabitants, and to defy the power of Mexico. It is required that alt persons shall remain in their houses from ten at night until sunrise in tho morning during the tune this territory is under the military law. Signed, R. V. STOCKTON, Commander-in-Chief and Governor of the territory of California. City or tiik Anoi.ks, Ca i.ifobki a, Autruat 17, Irt Id. To tiik 1'p.on.K or Cami-owua : On the l.'ith of September, HM, an election was held in the several towns and districts of California, at the places and hours at which such elections have usually been hol-den, for the purpose of electing the alcaldes and other municipal officers. In those places where alcaldes have been appointed by the present government, they will hold the election. In places where no alcaldes have been appointed by the preser.t government, the former alcaldes sre authorized and required tn bold the election. (iiven under my hand, this'id day of August, anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and forty-six, at the ttoverninent House, " mttiut tit Un .liiprint. Sinned, R. F. S TOCKTON, Commander-in-Chief and Governor of the territory of California. From the Portland Argus. Dead Letter Office- Again Washinuton, Oct. !, 18-16. For once in my life 1 may say 1 have been lucky. You have beard of the Dead Letter Office in the 1' O. Department! Yes, I know you visited it, and furnished to all the world ffor I believe all the papers copied your article) a highly intnresting account of it and its operations last winter. Well, 1, too, nave been in the doad letter office, and as good fortune would have it, happened there just in the right time. Zounds I what bags and piles of letters! Enough, one would think, to communicate all the intelligence mercantile, commercial, and political and all the love rational, enthusiastic and nonsensical in this great country for a whole year. And yet, these are only the dead letters for one quarter of a year I No wonder it lakes three faithful old gentlemen nearly all their time just to open them ; and if you saw them at work, you would readily grant that they are not alow hands at the business. Rut come let un iro into Mr. O'Hrien's room the superintendent having charge of the valuable part of the concern, whom you have so justly coinptimeniea for his obliging and gentlemanly deportment. As bo-fore remarked, we are here just in right time ; for he is about to overhaul a mass of things, which have been accumulating here for years, in order to dispose of the worthless, and make room for future arrivals. Here he it now, busily engaged. Well ; if here is'ut a pair of checkered pants, nice, new and clean; and there in another bundle, are two pairs of gloves and eight pairs of stockings, all the way from Connecticut through (he mail ! No, not from Connecticut, but evidently from a long way off, for the direction is so much defaced that I cannot make it out. Who knows but these are clothes franked home by loinp economical member of Congress to be washed, which in their return have unfortunately wandered swuy into the dead letter office f Nothing more likely ; for it is said in years gone by members have resorted to this plan to save themselves from being entirety Hleeced by the boarding house washer women of the place. And what have we here ? A package of combs and razors, as I am alive ! A very natural combination, to be sure; albeit the person addressed would have been pretty essentially $hartd had he not refused the package thus avoiding the payment of a heavy postage.Murder ! Here's a man's head ! Foh ! no, it is'nt either ; it's only a wig. Postage, one dollar and eight cents. Who'll take ii And now we come lo something valuable no mistake. See ! the bundle is sealed up with great care, and the postage twelve dollars and fifty cents, Let us open and examine What a hoax f Nothing in thi' world but a dozen old newspapers ! But here is something fine, for I can see the guilt through the wrapper, which has already been broken. Yes: two beautifully bound volumes the one entitled " Common 1'rayer," and llie other, " I'roper lessons to be read st Morning and Evening prayer." A present, as tins little note, which reads 11 with love from your afl'octiouutu wife," plainly shows. Postage nine dollars. And hero are two volumes more, equally splendid ; but they ore, 41 alt Dutch'' lo me, for they are printed in German. These, loo, are evidently presents. Let us see though tf we can decipher the address. Oh yes one is from a faithful son, and the other from an affectionate daughter, to their dear mother. Now this looks well. 1 hose clMldren love their mother anu are What a pity she could not have recciv- From Ul.ckwod'. Mugu,,. d.,p urowl, .nd p.re.i,ed . large panther not twenty A quaint writer says : " I have seen women so delicate, that they were afraid to ride, for fear the horses running away ; afraid tn sail, for fear the boat should overset ; afraid to walk, lor fear the dew might full ; but I never saw one afraid to get numcd," Correspondence of the Ohio Slate Journal. Camaroo, October H4G, Camp tid Regiment, O. V. Dkah En. I before gave you a notirn of Capt. Mickuin's arrest. The proceeding of the Court Martial which tried him have at length been published. He was found "guilty" of the senond charge and specification, and was sentenced " to be cashiered." Gen. Taylor, however, in consideration of the recommendation of the Court, remitted tbeseutince. Capt. Cutter, of the 2d Ky., wn sentenced " to he dismiss ed the service," but Gen. Taylor directed him In resume his sword," considering the sentence entirely too severe. The Kentucky regiment hitherto lying here, is departing by comptinics for Monterey. Col. McKee has gout with three companies. He will establish his command at Siralvo, an intermediate depot on the road between here and Monterey. He will there relieve Capt. Shnrpn who will proceed to Monterey. Five companies of our own regiment have received orders tn march on the coming morrow. They will be the five right companies, and will be commanded by Lieut. Col, Irwin. Trains of wagons and park mules are raising the dust on the roads south, daily with provisions and baggage, and altogether the tune is assuming a " lively complexion." Events point towards a heavy fight at San Luis 1'otosi. Capt. May has gono on the roan, mis uragonns are Dei ore nun. The ntlicers ot tho Hour-guarding Ud Ohio, are lea ving for home somewhat faster than usual. Capt. Ilrunner and Lieut, laylor, nf the lircleville compa ny, Lieut. Armstrong and Stuart ol the Mighl.nid compaiiViCapt. Tucker and Lieut. WoHhingtnu of the 1 1 mi king company, v-apt. McLean, tit the Athens com. Iiauy, Lieut. Nlci'adden, of the Lancaster company, ,irul. Cully, of the Newark company, ami Lieut, Moore of tho Columbus Cadets. All these, from various reasons, but mostly from sickness, are going home again. The regiment including these, ollicers and so dicrs, numliers five hundred and ninety-four. Il star-led with over eight hundred ' where are they r" Gone 1 some home, some to lonely graves in the (hup Miff, to make fnt the laud which they came to conquer not to manure some have deserted, some resigned, and thus they fill the catalogue. Rut the regiment has steadily improved. It is no vain I wast lo say that no better field ollicers are found in the volunteer forces, than those whose names stand on the muster roll of the field and slnlf nf the lid regiment, Ohio, Under their discipline the regiment has lieen last per feeling itself in the " achtml of the battalion." One instance of the celerity with which (heir evolutions are rxecuted and 1 am done. The regiment on Itst evening's battalion drill broke from the line of battle mid cloie column by division, and formed square in .fifty ttcvmfa, and formed square from clone column by division in srrrn $rrnd$. It is but a moderate assertion to say that this manoeuvre w as never executed m the same tint by any body of five month troops before. But it is not isolated evolutions which commanders are rrcuslomed to beat men into, unliiia ox. en who only kuow " right face " and 11 left-face," the Planting New ltmridtmce. Every man who builds a new house on a new spot of ground, at the same time that he suits his lasle, suffers the serious inconvenience for some years of a want of large shade trees and of plenty of fine fruit. He must wait till the trees can grow ; but if tfiis period may bo reduced to less than one-half lis usual length, most men would certainly hail tin means for its accomplishment with great pleasure. If fruit trees which often stand for ten or twelve years without yielding much, con be made to produce considerable crops in five, a great object would lie attained. Having had some little experience in tins matter, we propose lo offer a few hints. Trees should be set out as soon as possible after the ground is selected, in order that they may be growing. But iiotliinir is trained by Irausnlantiui! them before the ground is prepared for them. Wu have set out l.-ees on land which had been simply plowed and made mellow, and where manure could not bo well applied and intermixed afterwards by plowing and harrowing I he consequence was that trees ol llie same size at the time of transnlantiuir. set out two years afterwards on properly prepared ground, outstripped the first in three years. In ail irregular planting, or where horse cultivation cannot be afterwards constantly kept up, by the arrangement of the trees in rows, the soil should lie. previously prepared in uio very nesi manner, oy plowing and trench plowing, and by the thorough intermixture of manure at the same time. The ground will be belter fitted for the purpose if preps red previ- oiisly by the cultivation of root crops for the more tho rough admixture ot ine appnea manure; mii mis should not occasion delay in planting trees, as nume rous narrowings will accomplish the same object very well, especially if tlie manure be short. Ground thus well prepared, and proper care afterwards, are far more I important than setting out trees of very large size. A tree of moderate size is less cheeked in growth by removal, and will, as a consequence, often ouutrip a larger tree, provided it receives pron-r care. The mode of procuring immediate plantations of largo tree, i v reiitovintr those already six inches lo a fool in diar eter, first adopted on a large scale, by Henry Sluari nf bcotland, obtained considerable favor in that moist climate, though wholly uuadaptrd to this country. Rut Loudon, who hadeiperience, pledged himself to produce a fine and thrifty plantation of large trees in less time, by employing trees nf moderate sue, placed on deeply trenched and highly enriched soil, Lent under rood cultivation ; several years being re. quired tn overcome the stunted and sickly appearance produced in the large trees. Much time may be gained in bringing young fruit trees into bearing by the selection of varieties, especially of ncars. There are soma celebrated and ex cellent old pears, which usually require many years for the production ol the iirsturop; while again mere are other varieties, many of them comparatively new, which not nurreqiicntly yield Iruii before they leave Iheir nursery row. Dearborn's Seedling, Rartlett, Allure Josnnet, Indians, Andrews, dishing, Blood-good, and some other fine varieties, often produce near when but little larger than a stiff walking cane. Peach and apple trees hare often produced I'mm half a bushel to a bushel per tree, me lourth or tilth year from transplanting, where tho best cultivation bad been given them. In other cases, where neglected, thef have not yielded a peck iu leu years. Before concluding these remarks, we wish tn urge one point, so important, that if repeated three hundred times a year, would not be too often, it would accomplish by that means tho desired object. This is the thorough and constant cultivation ol the soil for several years after young fruit trees are set out. If they are to stand in grass, which should be avoided if pos sible, a circle, at least six feet in diameter, (and belter f ten) must be kept spaded mellow around each tree, and no grass or weed allowed to grow near it. The riiticrcncf between neglecting trees, sun keeping Minn in the best stale of cultivation, ii almost incredible. I We lately saw a large orchard of young peach trees, ! containing several hundred, set out in a new clover : lot, and then left In themselves. The consequence was, as might have been expected, not onr in twenty was alive. Any other vegetable growth without culture, ss grass, grain, Ac, would probably have produced the same elfect. We have noticed thousands if trees very badly treated in transplanting mutilated n removniff crowded into small holes, which were hastily ami imperfectly filled, and every other part of the operation performed in a superficial and hurried manner, but the deaths from neglected after-ruliuie have ezceeded, three fold, all the other causes put In. nether. Remember, therefore, the importance ol a constantly clean and mellow soil, if a thrifty and vigorous growth is wanted, with early crops Qf fine, rich, and delicious fruit. Wis. I Hit. led those handsome tokens of their affect'on. Rut the postage, 9i:i,r.'4, it ma) be, prevented it. Nor is tins oil in the book line. On my word, look at the number of volumes in those pigeon botes ! and see, loo, what piles of music ! Why "Uncle Sam" fins almost stock enough on hand lor it will never lie called for here looped a book and music store. Here are Bibles, annuals and other books, hound in the ric li st style " Wright s English urammer, among the rest, appears in guilt ami morocco, here is " Sear's 1'iclorial Illustrations ol the Uinie;' ami there is a neat little volume, entitled 11 Endemic Influence of Evil Government. And what is this.' Here is a small package, never opened, resembling a book and a book it is a duodecimo, done up in red morocco " Washington a Valedictory Address is tho title of this little volume, on the front leaf of which is written " Daniel Cobb, Jr., Portland, IrtlO." Rut, enough of book. What next? A pair of Indian moccasins, postage $'J,.1). Two silver watches whose are they f A box of straw braid for bonnets, pontage ten times its value. A closely sealed bundle of Ojnto newspapers burn them. Tailors' plates of the luttit fashions," four years old give them to the children. Five or six enormous deeds, beautifully rxecuicq on parchment, from old England ; and dry goods in any quantity.Rut stop, here is another package securely sealed up, lhal also looks like a book. Remove the wrapper and see. Yhs Campbell's Poems " nnd whnt else think you.' A miniature, set in a gold locket tho leaves of the book being cut exactly in a form to re ceive it, thus leaving il embedded in the volume, as snugly as the toad in the granite. It is addressed to a lady, care ol postmaster, tV-w Tom. And whit's here? Another bundle, never opened, and marked ' refused;' postage two dollars and seventy-five cents. Oh, meaness! An old dirty stocking done up and addressed to some one, no doubt, with the vain expectation of satisfying a longing desire for petty revenge. Puppy ! you have entirely failed this time; try again. Hallo! here's a theatrical rol-e, all trimmed off with "glittering gold and diamonds." Let's try it on. Well, now, if it is'nt the lust tiling to send by insil, a pair of stout iron bits. Wonder if they were intended for the reins of Government. Rut, what have we come to here ? A manuscript pamphlet of one hundred pages and over, the postage on which is (tl,'iT. Scrapiada I'oelrca, or Pieces Sentimental and Satirical, hastily composo on board a man of war, by full nf sound and fury, signifying nothing." So says the author. All, "Old Ironsides" is the man of war on which our poet tunes Ins harp ; he should not, therefore, write otherwise than well, that is certain. And now let us take leave of the sVwd letter office and its cabinet of curiosities. You have already seen and informed your readers of the contents of the iron chest in which are deposited the money, as it comes tn band, the watch chains, bracelets, breast pins, finger rings almost innumerable, necklaces, pencil cases, gold lockets, rosaries, and various other thing, " too numerous to particularize." The good money and other valuable articles, where they exceed a dollar's worth, are, as your readers already know, returned to their owners, it rightful owners can be munu ; anu louna they will be by Mr. O Rrien, if any man living can do it rest assured of that. There are, however, several thousand dollars on hand, or deposited in bank, from which time to time have accumulated, and for which no owners csn be ascertained. The average amount of genuine money received is somewhere from to ftitl a dy, the year round. And my ! what loisof counterfeit bills t suffered by Iheir worthy proprietors to go lo the dead letter oilier, lest, in calling for them, they might be detected and locked up in a strong box themselves. Mexican Uighwaymen Robbers in Mexico are what peddlers used to be in England ; they keep up the life in the villages, plun der wherever they can, etieat where they cannot plunder, riou stout horses, and lead, on the whole, , a varied, and sometimes a very gay life. One of tho American travelers saw, at one of the villages1 where the stage changed horses, a dashing and pic-1 turesque figure, gaudily dressed, who rode by on a handsome horse richly caparisoned. On inquiring if the coachman knew him, the answer was that he knew him perfectly well, and that he was the captain ol a band of robbers who had plundered the stage several times since the whip and reins had been in his hands. On the American urging the question why he had not brought the robber to punisument, the answer was, " that he would be sure to be shot by some one of the band the next tune he passed the road ; " the honor of Mexican thieves being peculiarly nice upon this point. It appeared that the dashing horseman had gone through the village on a Ttconntniianee, but probably not liking the obvious preparations os the travellers had postponed the capture. The mode of managing things in this somnolent! country is remarkable tor its tranquility. The Amer- j ican who narrates the circumstance had taken with ' him from Vera Crux four dragoons: but on accidentally inquiring on the road into the state of their arms, he found that but one carbine had a luck in fighting order, and even that one was not loaded ; on which he dismissed the guard and trusted to Ins companions, who were nil .veil armed. The Mexican travellers, taking thu matter in another way, never carry arms, but prepare a small purse " to be robbed of," of which they are robbed accordingly. A few miles from Pe-rote the road winds round a high hill, and the passengers generally get out and walk. The Americans on tfiis occasion had left their arms in the carriage, but their mom prudent chief immediately ordered them to carry them in their hands, and in the course of the ascent they pounced upon a group of ruffians whom the driver pronounced to be robbers ; and who, but for their anus, would probably have attacked them. In less than a month after this, five or six Americans having left their arms in the stage at this spot, were attacked siid stripped of every cent belonging to them. It must be owned that this country lias fine advantages for thu gentlemen of the road. The highway between Vera Cruz and Mexico is the great conduit of life in this country. Nearly all the commerce goee by that way, and ninety out of every hundred travelers pass by tho same route. The chief portion of the road il through an absolute desert. It frequently winds up the sides of mountains, and then is bordered by forests of evergreens, forming a capital shelter fur the land pirate, llie whole being a combination of Hounslow Heath and Shooter s Hill on a grand scale, and milking highway robbery not merely a showy but a safe speculation, the gaining table being the chief recruiting office ot the whole battalion ot Monterey. The statistics of gaming might borrow a chapter from Mexico. 1 he passion for play is public, univer sal and unbounded. It is probably even superior to the passion lor uulque. fcvery one plays, anu plays for all he is worth in the world, and often for more. Rut lie lias his resource the road. A man who has lost his last dollar, but who is determined to play on till lie dies, lays himself under strong temptations of coverting Ins neighbor s goods. 1 he hour when the stages puss is known to every one ; the points of the road where they must go slowly up the hill, are fa miliar to all highway recollections. Associates are expeditiously found among the loiterers, who, after their own ruin, sit round tho room watching the luck of others. The band is formed in a moment ; they take the rood without delay, post themselves in the evergreens, enjoy the finest imaginable prospect, and breath the most refreshing sir, until the creaking of the coach wheels puts them on the slert. 1 hey then exhibit their weapons, the passengers produce their little purses, the stage is robbed ol every thing porta' ble, or converlubte into cash. The band return to the gamingtable, fling out Iheir coin, and play till they arc rich or ruined once more. Some time after an adventure, such as we have de scribed, the singe was robbed neat Puebla by a gang, nil of whom had the appearance nf gentlemen. When tho operation of rifling everybody and every thing was com p tried, one of thu robbers observed that they must not he looked on as professional lieves, for they were gentlemen ; but having been unfortunate at play, they were forced to put the company to this inconvenience, for which they requested iheir particular pardon." An incident ol this order occurring in tlie tnsiance of a public personage, some years before, long excited remarkable interest. The Swiss consul had been as- iHsiiiiited st noonday. A carriage had been driven up In his door, out of which three men came, one in the dress of a priest. On the doors being opened they seized and gagged the porter, rushed into the apart ment where the consul was anting, muruereii and rob I ed him, and then retreated. None knew whence they came or whither they went; but the murdered man in his dying struggle had torn a billion off tlie coat of one of the robbers, which they found still clenched in his hand. A soldier was shortly after seen with more money than he could account lor. Suspicion naturally fell upon him; hi quarters were scorched, and one of his coats was found with the button torn off. lie was convicted but relied on a pardon through tho Colonel, Yanez, chief aide-de-camp of the President Santa Ana, who was his accomplice in the transaction. On being brought out for execution. id placed on the fatal bench where criminals are strangled, he cried nut, 11 Stop, 1 will acknowledge my accomplice ; and he pronounced the name ol theColonel. Search was immediately made in the house of Vanes, and a letter in cipher was found connecting him with this and other robberies. This letter was left in the hands of one of the judges. He was offered a large sum of money to destroy it, but refused. In a few days after he was found dead, as was suposed, by poison. I he paper was then transferred to another judge, who was offrred the same bribe, and who promised to destroy it ; but on conferring with Ins priest, though he took the money, he shrunk from the actual destruction of the document, and kept it in si lence, i anei was brought to trial, and believing ttiat the paper was no longer in existence, treated the sub ject with contempt. I he paper was produced, and the aiue-de-eamp was condemned and executed. An Adventure in an African lliver. r cattaih m ahhv att. I manned my boats and went on shore for the ivory Bt a-Tnr.ABiiar Roasru. The Bub-Treasury in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, has fallen into (he hands of llie Philistines. It seems by a statement in the " Mom-tor," that Capt. James H Hearing, the Pension Agent, had denosited shout tH(Ht, in specie, belonging to the government, in an iron chest, and placed it in the store of a merchant in that city, the robbers having forced tho doors ot this store, lnire nir the iron chest, and appropriated the 11 spoils " to their own use. Tux Uitin or th r Cakahas. The opinion is rapidly gaining ground in Canada (as wr learn by the Kingston British Whig) that the home government have it in serious contemplation to unite the whole of the North American British provinces under one government, having at its head a Viceroy, instead of a Governor General, (iuebtc is said to be the seat of government, and Governors are to be appoinVd at Toronto, Frederickton, Halifax, St. John's, N. F.,and Charlritlown, P. E , to administer the laws of each province sepiratrly, until the whole are consolidated into one statute rtooa wnen other arrangements win he made. It is also said that the detention ol Lord Elgin in England is occasioned by the necessity of Ins continual presence at the Colonial Oilier, when Mr. Buller has charged himself wiih the details and working plans of tins very eomprensive scheme. It is fur I her said that the ministry have it in contemplation lo consolidate the whole of (he remaining British possession in America under another Viceroy, the seat of whnee government is tu be at Jamaica, with local administrations at all thu oilier West India Islands, including the Bermudas; and some say, also the territory on the main land, Demerara and Rcrbicu. The London Stommr. of the frith ult. says: Lord J. Russell snd Lord Cotleuham, at the cabinet council, on Wednesday, urged esrncslly the constitutional necessity of an early session, to obtain a parliamentary sanction for the reduction of the 4s. duly on im jH.rted grain. The nount il broke up without coming tn any definite resolution. At the meeting nf the ministers, on Thursday, the subject was resumed, snd on this latter oeessioii the opffonrnt of en rsry sf xioN.Atidf thf erfrsNfwif f .Vr. tiMurron arrival from thr I iirri .Vtfrs, with intelligence that the supply of grain collected in the American ports lor exportation, is so ample as to render extremely improlnihit th$ ns. entity qf rfitWiiosj qf (As duty. Bo it eni Mr. lust roit s nrst act, alter reacmng England as Minister ftom the United States, was to finrrMt the opening of British ports to American grain! If this is a SMrimett of his diplomatic career, he will certainly make a valuable represent! ivc, We look with interest lor his mert movement, rrntiiimy he will. nduce the Cabinet to put the duties up to the old mark A. F. ('orir. Jons Smiths. In the City of New York only Rll rejoice in this happy name. They must enjoy Iht correspondence of each other's friends, and bo perfectly familiar with all the family details. There is an amusing list given of their various callings and pro feasinns in the Tribune; of course all are represented. N ish used tn say if he met any gentleman, whose name he roiild'nt recall, he universally called him Mr. Smith, and always hit right. that was left. I found that it would take the whole day to embark it, aa we had to go two miles up the riv er than the depth ot the water would permit the vessel to do, for the ivory was in a hut close lo the King's house. I had sent off four boat loads, and it being noun, I went off with the fifth myself, that I might get tny dinner, leaving tlie second mate to attend on shore, taking the first male with me, who messed in the esbin. As we were in the middle of the stream, the boat struck against the slump of a tree, as we supposed, and knocked so large a hole in the bow that she began to fill. I immediately ordered the men lo pull for tho nearest point, which wss on the opposite side of the river, that we might ground the boat to prevent her sinking, The first mate, who was a very active man, finding that the elephant's teeth prevented his reaching the now of the boat, and slutting into it some oskuin which he had found in the stern sheets, sounding with the boat hook and finding that there was not more than three feet water where we were pulling, jumped over the bows to put tlie oakum into the holes; but the poor fellow had not been a few seconds in the water when ho gave a shriek, and we perceived that a large shark had snapped him in two. I his was a sad unship, and the turn, terrified, pulled is hsrd as they could, while two of them bailed out Ihe boat, to gain thu shore, for we knew what fate awaited us if we sunk in the river. With much exertion we succeeded, running tier up among the canes, which grew on the side nf the river so thick that it was difficult to force our way through them. We landed up to our knees in mud, and throwing out the ivory we found that a whole plank was rent out, and that it was impossible to repair our boat ; and we were hidden by the canes from those who could have assisted us, had they known we required their assistance, snd we had no possible means of communication. At last I thought that if I could force my wav ihroiiifh Iho canes to the point down Ihe river. 1 could hail and make signals for assistance, and desi ring the men to remain by the boat, 1 set of) upon iny expedition. At first I got on pretty well, as there were little paths through the canes, made, as I imagined, by the nativrs ; sod, although I was up tn my knoes in th ck black mud, I continued to get on pretty last, but at last the canes grew so thick that 1 could hardly force my way through them, and it was a work ol excessive labor. Still I persevered, expecting each second that I should arrive at the banks of the river and be rewarded for my fatigue ; but the more 1 labors d the worse it appeared for me, and at last I became worn nut nnd quite bewildered, 1 then tried to find my way hack, and was equally unsuccessful, and I sat dos n with any thing hut pleasant thought in my mind, 1 calculated thai I had been two hours in making this attempt, and was now quite punted how to proceed. 1 bitterly lamented my rashness, now that il was too Isle. Having reposed a little, I resumed my toil, and was again, after an hour's exertion, compelled, from tk-ligue, to set down in the deep, black mud. Another ile Irom toil, and another nour or more oi exertion, I gave myself up for lost. The day was evidently fast closing in, the liht overhead was not near so bright as it had bean, ami I knew lhal a night passed tn the miasma ot llie cane was ueain. ai isni ii Penan darker aud darker. There could not be an hour of daylight remaining. I determined upon one more struggle, snd recking as I was with perspiration, and Ik i in with fainrue. f rose again, and wsa forcing mv way through liie thickest of thu cane, when I heard yards from me. It was on the move is well as attempting to force his way through the thickest of the canes so as to come to me. I retreated from him as fast as 1 could, but he trained slowU on ... and mv strength was fast exhausting. I thought I heard sounds at a distance, and they became more snd more distinct, but what they were, my fear and my struggle- proba uiy pri-Tcnu-u mu irom maaing out. My eyes were fixed upon the fierce animal who was in the pursuit of me, and 1 now thanked God that the canes were so tiiick and impnssable. Bull the animal evidently gained ground until it was not more than five yards from me, dashing and springing at the canes, and tearing them aside with his teeth. I he sounds were now nearer, and I made them out to be the howling of other am urn Is. A moment's pause, and I thought that it Wss the bavin of doirs. and I thought that 1 must have arrived close to where thu schouner laid, and that I heard the boying of the blood-hounds. At last I could do no mere, and drooned exhausted and almost sensless in the mud. I recol- lect the crashing ol the canes, and the savage roar, snd then yells nnd growls, and sir utiles, and fierce contention, but I bad fainted. I must now inform the reader that about an hour after I had left tlie boat, the captain of the slaver was pulling up the river, and wss hailed by our men in our long-boat. Perceiving them on shore on that side of the river, and that they were in distress, he pulled towards them, and they told him what had happened, and that an hour previous I had left tlie boat to force my way through ttie cane breaks, and they had heard nothing of nic since. Madness !" cried he. " he is a bst man. Btav till I come back from the schooner." He went back lo the schooner, and takin? two of his crew who were negroes, and his two blood hounds, into the boat, he returned immediately, and os soon as he landed, he put the blood hounds on my track and sent the negroes on with them. They had followed me in all my winding, for it appeared that I had travelled in every direction, snd had come un with me just as I had sunk with exhaustion, and the panther was so close upon me. The blood hounds had attack ed the panther, and this was the noise which sounded in my ears, as I Isy stupihed at tlie mercy of the wild beast. The panther was not easily, though even tuallv overcome, and the black men coming up had found me and borne me in a state of insensibility on board of the Sparrow Hawk. The fever hod come on me, and it was not till three weeks afterward that I received my senses, when 1 learned what 1 have now told to the reader. The Westminster Ileview Calculates upon many advantages to Ihe laboring clas ses in England trom the repeal ot the Corn Laws. Its expectation that the means of subsistence will be rendered more abundant and cheap as one result of the repeal, may certainly be regarded as well founded. Rut if the wages of labor are reduced iu proportion what then? The Review ascrilies the victory over the Corn Laws to the com mere isl and manufacturing classes, and declares that it ' has been won against the combined hostility of the working classes, the clergy, and both sections of the aristocracy." The objects contemplated by the commercial interest in this matter may be left out of view for the present. Rut as fur tlw manufacturers it is easy enough In see that inasmuch as labor constitutes an important element in the production of their staples, any mea sure which would render labor cheaper would be for their sdvantnge. At present the prices paid for labor are jut sunVient for subsistence barely adequate for the preservation of the faculty of labor. Now the manufacturers sre much pressed by competition. Con tinenlal Europe, not to mention the United States, is actively engaged in manufactures ; and many regions tf country which formerly consumed British fabrics are not only supplying themselves, but actually exporting. The cheaper rates of subsistence in these countries enable them thus to make head sgainst the large odds nf superior British capital. To meet this the manufacturers of England munt procure the means of cheap subsistence at home; the Corn Law mono poly must be broken down. If, with cheaper food, tlie present rates of wages were lo be continued, then the laborer in England would derive benefit from the repeal of the Corn Laws. Rut in that case the manufacturing capitalists would not. The laborer then, wilt find Ins wages reduced ; and the superabundance of labor craving employment must render him helpless to resist. He is still to live merely still to toil for the means which shall enable him to toil on. "The agricultural laborer," says the Review, "ia now depressed into a condition of almost barbarous privation, because his numbers exceed the actual demand for his labor; and he is therefore reduced to the lowest rale of remuneration at which the working faculty can be maintained, aud would, i that tttrt pot ithlc, be reduced ttilt Umtr by the simple operation of natural economic laws, did not Ihe poor rates compel the farmer to support him, whether ho employs him or not." What can the repeal of the Corn Laws do for this overplus of labor f The price of subsistence may be lessened, but unless the laboring man has employment, unless he can earn something, what will it avail him that bread is cheap he having nothing wherewith to buy it? Resides, il is apparent that the over abundance of lalmr will cause wages to fall, the moment it is ascertained that the laborer can subsist on lower wages than he receives now. The Review, however, considers that the competion of foreign grain in the market will compel the English land owners lo bring additional lands into cultivation, tn convert pasture ground into aramc, to throw more labor into the tillage ot their fields, to grant more favorable leases to their tenants. and thus create new demands for labor. As for the manufacturing operative he is to be benefited by the reduced prices of provisions ; he is to get better food and in more abundance; and his labor is to he in de mand because of the improved condition of the gener- mass of the population, who will require better clothing, snd of course must consume mora largely of mnnuiaciUTCU gooiis I hese speculations do not seem to have much so lidity. 4 Reduced wages must be a certain result of the cheapening of the means of subsistence; it is a matter of conjecture whether this will be compensa ted by any adventitious benefits to accrue to the work ing classes. 1 he fust reduction of the British Tariff, by which raw cotton was sdnuttt-d free of duty, snd a long list of free articles put upon the schedule, wss designed for the advantage of tlie manufacturers by allowinr them to obtain the raw materials of their fab rics at the lowest possible rates. I his second reduc tion which repeal tlie Corn Laws is designed to favor them still further by enabling the in to obtain labor at the lowest possible rales. Labor is an important element in manufactures; labor must subsist; then according o English policy, let it subsist as cheaply aa possible. England will make every sacrifice to keep possession of Ihe markets of the world. Even the landed interest must give way. Halt, Jimtritan. 'The Utile Foxes that Spoil the Vines." In our remarks a few days since on the responsibilities and duties of the Press, we omitted to notice one. thing which deserves the distinct and thoughtful con. side ration of those who profess to be the exponents of the principles of morality and the defenders of virtue. Tlie Ihing to which we refer is indicated by the caption of this article. We could name journals conducted with enterprise and ability, which, in the main, inculcate pure principles, whose influence is greatly diminished, and nut unfrequently wholly neutralized by an oversight or indiscretion in admitting to their columns brief paragraphs, or witty sayings, or ludicrous tales, to tickle the fancv of those who love a juke, even if it is at the expense of virtue and truth. i iie pre-. mat shamelessly caters to vice, and prostitutes itself to the base purpose of fanning and fostering evil propensities and bad oassians. is regarded as a terrible engine of mischief and misery. Such a polluted sheet can be indicted ss a nuisance, and sup pressed uy the strong arm ot law. The safety ana the welfare of society require that it should be so. jut ihe evil to which we reier, it is vastly more difficult to correct. It is an evil not inflicted with a malicious design. Often it is the result of haste snd oversight and want of reflection. For illustration t A political speech is made, which is interJsrded with coarse, vituperative profane language. In the report of it, as we have sometimes seen, these exceptionable things are spread before the community to work tike bad leaven among the masses. A criminal trial is reported. Tho unhappy culprit, perhaps, is the son of respectable parents, who has brought upon a large circle of friends the deepest anguish by his prodigality ana crimes, they would rather have followed him to the grave than witnessed his dishonor. In the report, it is jokingly said that A. B., not having got through "sowing his wild oats," was sentenced to an imprisonment uf six months to teach him better manners. Young men and boys read the account and raise a laugh, not reflecting that that which affords them mer- ""' uuitc ' uiuiicnunuio misery in ioobi worthy and respectable circle of friends. We recollect an account some weeks since of an officer in our army fatally wounded in ono of Ihe battles in Mexico. He was not able to sticak after the deadly missile struck him, but he wrote with his dying band, and it was published in a daily paper, a profane sentence expressing his joy that they were enabled to deal out such deadly destruction to the onemy. It is not usually long, labored articles that work mischievous effects upon the masses of the community. It is "the little foxes that spoil the vines." It is the sneer at virtue, the Ming at morality and religion, the joke or the merry laugh at crime, that poisons the minds of youth and strengthens depraved habits in the veterans of vire. A joke or a pun costs too much if il weakens the moral sensibilities, or lowers the stan- dard of morality. Truth, intelligence, enterprise, variety and vivacity are the great things needed in the daily press to ensure the highest benefits to the community. Those whoso tastes sre gratified by low, vulgar slang, by witly sayings at the expense of truth, and by sly inuendoes which crimson the cheek of modesty, ought not to be furnished with any ailment adapted to their morbid cravings. We make no objections to flights of fancy and sparkling wit, whsn they are chastened by purity and leave no taint en the mind. Rut we detest the effort to say "smart things " which only exhibits a bsd taste and a corrupt heart. A public journal to be influential, must be consistent. If it denounces vice, and fosters the spirit that leads to its commission, it is a hindrance rather than an aux iliary of virtue. " A little folly makes him who is in reputation for wisdom and honor " a dead weight upon all those important interests which he might otherwise promote. " i lie little loxes spoil many journals which might exert a powerful instrumentality in ma king men wiser and belter. We are aware of the ex hausting labors snd great difficulties encountered by the conductors of the daily press, we can say with v irgn, " quorum magna pars tui. At the same time, the "little things" of which we speak, which do ao much to mar and neutralize efforts which would oth erwise be invaluable, may by proper caution and care dp avoided, we do not expect uniformity in political views. The best policy of government is a fair field of debate. Rut every right minded man, whatever be his political preferences, can, as we think, cheerfully accord with these brief suggestions. If so, the great object we have in view will be gained. The press will he vastly aided in its influence and power of doinir good. The objections urged against it by some of the wisest and best men will be obviated, and its career or usefulness snd honor will correspond with the grand achievements which it has in its power." Philada, .Vorth American. From the National Intelligencer Texts for the Vnion. The venerable Jons Rkkii, of Massachusetts, in his letter accepting his nomination for tlie office of Lieutenant Governor, makes some remarks on tlie course of public affairs distinguished for the point and directness which always marked his speeches in Congress. We select a few sentences : "The Baltimore Convention for the nominsliuu of candidates for the offices of President and Vice President of the United Suites was a most extraordinary assembly extraordinary as to their doings, and not less extraordinary as to the rsult The majority agreed that a majority of tlie Convention should not have power to nominate, but that it should require two-thirds. It was proclaimed with a loud voice by General Saunders a leading uiemlier of tlie Convention, that he cared not who was President Mr. Van Ruren, Mr. Cass, Mr. Ruclianan, or Mr. Polk provided he were in favor of Uio immediate annexation of Texas. Mr. Van Ruren received a large majority, and nearly twu-thirda of tho votes; but he could not bo endured by a party, for he had written an able argument against the annexation of Texas. No North ern man could be trusted with Ihe ease ot Jeias. The minority ruled the evil day. Mr. Polk was nominated by the Convention and elected President; and now Hum hast it all Texas, War with Mexico, re iieal ol the Tariff of lf-M, tiubtreasury Ac. The Tariff of IH-U, was repealed, not in accordance with thu deliberate judgment of a majority of the Senate, (see Mr. Niles s speech, c.) but in obedience to tlie decree of the Baltimore Convention. But Oregon, being a cold snd free country, the decree of Baltimore that it was all our otaii, and no part should be yirlded lo the British, was not quite so stringent and binding upon Southern consciences, and they consid- r discretion the better part of valor and gave tt up. "The President Vetoed the bill to pay for French spoliation previous to 1H0O. He also vetoed a bill to pruviue Tor improving the navigation ot rivers and harbors. These measures were only to pay old debts and save lives and properly. The funds oflhe nation are all required for Ihe Mexican war. "And tlie Administration, so unscrupulous, hope now to escape the just indignation of sn injured people, in Ihe smoke and fire ami overwhelming destruction of triumphal conquest. Will the questionable maxim, 'our country right or Wong, about equal to the maxim Mhe king can do no wrong, ' compel free men, under all circumstances of injustice and abuse, to submit quietly and hold their peace? The time will come, n'r is it far off, when the 'second sober thoughts of Ihe people' will fully investigate the annexation of Texas the war with Mexico the expenses of that war tho cause nf that war with other extraordinary measures ul the present Administration. "And suptosu a part of the whole of Mexico bo conquered, and yielded to this country by a treaty of peace, are we to take it? Will President Polk recommend that il be rrnnmrrrd to the United Btalce by i joint resolution of Cungrus North Cakomra. The Legislature of North Carolina met st Raleigh on Monday, tho Kith inst. Col, Andrew Joyncr, uf Halifax, (a veteran Whig) was elected President of the Senate by a vote of Hi to for L. I). Wilson, of Edgecombe, Locofoco; and Henry W. Miller, of Raleigh, (Whig) wss unanimously elected Principal Clerk. Hon. Edward Stanly, of Beaufort, (well known as an ardent Whig) was chosen Speaker of the Houso of Commons by a vote of lift lo 47 for D. W. Courts, of Surry, (Locofoco :) and Charles Manly of Raleigh, was unanimously elected Principal Clerk. The minor offices in each House wen generally filled with Wings. i ne Legislature or norm Carolina it will have been seen is decidedly Whig in each branch, ant) we may soon expect to hear of the election of two Whig United Stales Senators: one in plsce of Mr. Haywood, and another for the full term from the 4th of March next. Mr. Badger is generally named for tho vacancy, and Mr. Manguui, we presume, will bo re elected. AT. Y. Erprrsi. As IwroRTAST Invhtioh. We have been shown a piece of machinery for cooling and drying flour, corn and meal, the invention of a gentleman in this city, who is practically acquainted with milling in all its branches, which from its simplicity, cheapness, efficiency and adaptation to a mill without alteration of its machinery or occupying more space than is now used, will do more tn cement the commercial union which is now beginning to exist between us and Europe than any other thing. It will enable the farmer of the West to prepare his corn for shipment in bulk with a cerlainly that on its arrival at the port of des tination its quality will not be deteriorated. To the famishing millions ol hurope it will afford a cheaper, as it is a more nutritious, food than the potato. To the miller of ait citmatu it must become indispensable, as it either cools or dries the flour perfectly with out danger from burning, so that it may be shipped to any port or kept any length of time. fsmtoWsr. Pr.vr.nr. Storm. We hate been visited with a reel old fsshioned rain-storm, a rsre occurrence in this quarter the last two years. It commenced raining Wednesday evening nnd continued with scarce an in. termission for about 30 hours, closing with a gale of gnat severity. We never saw the Lake in wilder commotion than this morning, and the winds and waves were still rosrmg "like great guns up tn p. .il., to-day. J he night was a frsrlul one on the wa ters, and painful anxiety is felt for the safety of a vessel, supposed to be the Marengo, of Detroit, dis covered this morning, riding at anchor, some two les from shore, with flag flying at half-mast, a sig nal of distress. No assistance had reached her at 9 o'clock, to-day, and the gale prevents boats from getting out of the harbor. CUrtland Heraldt JVoe.liU. Amiiv-hst Coi.i.tor.. The Amherst Express, in no ticing a recent donation to the College of one thousand dollars from the Hon. Abbott Lawrence, o" Boa-ton, gives the following extract of his letter to one of the 1 rusters : I sm not unmindful of the high importance of diffusing education snd educated men throuirlimit th length and breadth of our republic without which, our system of government will, 1 fear, prove lo be a mere rope oi sano. my motto is, for this country-universal education founded unon morals drawn from the Bible. With this idea faithfully carried out, wo shall, I trust, present to the world an illustration of the capacity of man to govern himself, and to enjoy the true blessings of liberty regulated by law. An interesting (act was elicited a few days since, in the decision of a bet between two gentlemen, in reference to the day set apart by the Constitution for tho inauguration of the President of the United Slates, viz: the 4lh of March, tt was supposed by some that thai day might come on Sunday, and therefore the ceremony should be postponed till Ihe following day. Ry referring to the debates of tlie Convention thai formed the Constitution, it was found that (lie Fourth of March in every fourth year would not fall on a Sunday for the period of three hundred years, and it was on that account selected as ihe inauguration of that body. .V. I'. Utter of th I'hilm. t'-ysirer. It is said lhal the Secretary of the Navv is about to fill up the Navy with Ihe full complement of nu n allowed by Congress. Krntn an advertisement in tho Iew tork papers tt apnea rs thai one thousand men are wanted for the ship-of-ihe-line Ohio, at lloaton. ion to be nut in commission, it is also slated that the naval apprentice system is to be immediately re viveu. Sins. The Haniaburg Argns, a Democratic paper, says : ' II the supmrt of the Tariff of 4li is In be stdl the rallying cry, it will be worss than idle tn engage in the contest ; and we should save much trouble and expense, by permitting the Whigs to walk unmolested over the course. Neither rain or sunshine could save us ftom another defeat." , Mr. Polk has constitutional scruples against the removal of obstructions from our rivers. He will find in tr-48 that Ihe people have no constitutional scruple niraiust Ihe removal of sn obstruction from thr Presidential chair Lou. Jour. The snow about Lake Superior is already about t foot deep, and thu copper miners have suspended t r j ihe winter.