The Village register. (Salem, Columbiana Co., O. [Ohio]), 1842-06-14

              THE VILLAGE REGISTER. Devoted to Agriculture, Education, Domestic Economy, Temperance, Morality and General Intelligence. VOLUME I. SALEM, COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO, Gtli MONTII (JUNE) 14th, 1812. NUMBER 10. THE xMifivsiSg IS PUHL1SHED EVERY TUESDAY, UY DAVIS A IIAKT, SALEM, O. .It the following Rales , viz: Two Dollars a year in advance ? Two Dollars and Filty Cents at the end of six months ? Three Dollars at the expiration of the year. Advertisements inserted at the following rates: 1 square (16 lines or less) one insertion $0 50 Each additional insertion 25 A liberal discount made to those who advertise by the year. M'OETIty, From the Jlmeritan Mechanic. APPROACHING SUMMER. B* J. T. BUTLER. Bright cummer, with her fragrant breath, Again is drawing near, When nature's face, will wear a smile, And skies be soft and clear, And streams be bubbling on their joy, As down the hills they run; Like rills of purest silver ore All molten by the sun! And on the lake so deeply bine, The water flowerets lie With lips of red, and eyes of love, Fast gazing on the sky! While all the deep green woods around With melody is rife, And not a sod, or aged tree, But tepms with mystic life! Birds on the wing, and bees on flowers, And insects glancing by; And, beautiful as rainbow hues, The painted butterfly! See how the morning glories look To heaven, with eyes of blue, And ask, in silent eloquence. For drops of silver duer?n. mi m > a..o .v v cttj>? To catch the gentle rain, That with renewing strength revives The verdure of the plain. Oh! beautiful the young rose buds Expand their tender leaves, That grateful to their inmost hearts, ? The honied doe receives! . ? It is indeed a 'time of flowers,' And joy, and music sweet; Anil azure heaven above our heads, And gems beneath our feet. O Summer! there arc happy ones Totgladly welcome thee: But can thy smile restore again Lost health and joy to me? Before me, clouds of midnight gloom Their dusky wings expand, And cruel storms drive on life's birque To the dim spirit land. Father of all ? man's only friend! O grant thy helping power: Array with light, Death's sable cloud, In life's most trying hour: Cheer me with visions of that cl:me Where sickness cannot come: Land of immortal, fadeless flo vers, The parted spirit's home. Alabama. ? The Mobile Advertiser contains the Census of that Slite for 1 840 Jt contains some interesting facts. The whole population of the Slite in 1S30 was 209,557. In 1840 it was 500,756. of which 253,532 were slaves, so that the slave population in 1840 was more than the total population in 1830. The number nf free colored persons in 1840 was 2,039. The number of white persons over 20 years of age, un ihle to read and write, in 1840, was 2 J 592, "a pretty good proportion of that part of the population; and the total number of schollars at public charge was only 3.113, so that there does not seem much chance for the diffusion of knowledge in Alabama. Out * of this population only 7,195 were ingaged in trades and manufactures; only 2,212 in commerce; 1,514 in learned profession; and in agricu tuje 1 77.439, which of course is swelled by the slave population. Alabama is ret tniniy behind the >ige. and will nut ra'ch up to it verv simn unless she gets ri I <>| l.er slaves and educates her whites. ? JVY-w Yurk Tribune. The Legislature of Me., before adjourning, unanimously resolved that the pay ol Members of Congress ought to be reduced to $,5 per day and the same for every twenty miles of travel. Why line* justice ? being blind ?always see the Uce on a culprit's coat? JIUitMCllKil I it. 2 #>. GAIIDEN ING OF THE GERMANS IN PENNSYLVANIA. Having mentioned the great emigration of Germans into Pennsylvania previous to the Frencli war, I may now give some brief sketches of their economy, farming, gardening, Stc., for which they were so justly admired, as forty five or fifty years ago I was much amongst them as a Mir veyor and conveyancer, well acquainted with many of the worthies that had crossed the Atlantic, and learned to understand their language intelligibly in business. They had come from a country where necessity had obliged them to raise all they could from a little land: every thing they did was in the best manner, and they would not undertake more than thev could accomplish in due season. They always washed ilieir seed wheal in a tub of water carefully skimming ofF all thai would switn, saying it would produce chess. I have known them to pick out by hand the largest and best wheat heads, and sow it on new ground, well prepared to raise the best of clean seed; then after the wheal came off, put the stubble in with tin neps ? fhx the next spring ? then wheal again and sow giass seed on the snow either for mowing or pasture for milch cows. They generally cleared a small piece of land every year, fur the purpose of clean seed wheat, turneps and good flax. Dutch wheat used to command an extra price for superfine flour. For seed corn , it would be the first they took out of the field, selecting the largest, most forward ears from such stalks as bore three, leaving two or three thickness, es of husks on, and hanging the ears up in some building in that order, until they shelled it lo plant, and then only take about one third of the ear out of the middle, and never plant any where the rows were crooked 011 the ear. To prevent birds 01 squirrels irom lawing n irp, ine\ would sleep it in a strong decoction of hellebore rot?. ^ Oats , after they were six or eight inches high, they would roll them down flat, saying it kept them from lodging, and they headeif be ter. Suffice it to say, that they rais-ed far better, and heavier crops than farmers originally from any other parts of Europe. As to men/loirs, they were the people that first intio need irrigation into Pennsylvania. II they liad a stream of water that could be led over the hanks, it was a primary object to do it." Thev kept their nei dows dressed smooth and fine, and lestroyed all bad weeds, so that their hay was clean and sweet. They were famous for larcp barns to contain all their produce, and to house all their stock of creatures in stormy weather; ? and very careful of their manure. When snow was on the ground, they carted the dung out ot their stables, direct 011 their wheal, and spread it very even, saying it prevented its heaving out with the frost; and seeded the fields for pasture. They lived more 011 vegetables than any other people, and made gardens accor lingly. I may describe some of their modes of raising and saving seeds Of beans . they raised abundance, and had several better kinds than I have seen of late years. To save seed they would pick by hand the earliest large pods, hang them up in a bag, and not shell them until wanted to plant; the same with their garden pea9 ? saying it prevented the bug; and 1 never saw a. bug in a pea kept in this manner. Of cablagr , for the early kinds, they sowed the seed on a scaffold raised five or six feet from the ground to prevent the small fly from eating them. Alter the small fly was done, sow their winter and scitr kront cabbage broad cast, and where too thick, pull it out for their cows and pigs. Their .vay of saving cucumber seed, afier the first, or such nearest the root, began to be soft on the vine, they would take them in, puncture the blossom, and lay lliat downward on a slanting board, stick the butt full of oats, which would grow and extract the moisture. In that way the cucumbers were dried in the house, and the seed never taken out until put into the ground. Melons , they could not dry in that mann^i, but would scrape out the seed with as much of the glutinous liquid as thev could on coarse piper, 011 a level boanl; tliTe lei them dry in the house and re ir sulF-r them to be washed, or : dried in ilie sun, saying it would weaken the vigor of their growth: and they never would use seed more than two years old. Since I have been away from amongst diese good honest people, I believe thai all my pnrlicuWr acquaintance that had crossed the water, and learned their modes of farming and gardening in a country where experiment* were older than in America, are dead. Bui from what I have seen in my last travels, it does not appear that their descendants have lost the knowledge of their forefathers. Description cannot convey a correct idea of the elegance ol their management. Let any of the best farmers in the Eastern States, at a proper season of the year, take a tour to Bethlehem, Nazareth, Greatendall, and Christian Spring, in Northampton county. All those estates belong to the society of Moravian brethren ? then go view the large larms (private property) in Berks and Lancaster counties,? and they must admit them to be the best farms in all the United Slates, and that the emigration from Germany was the making of Pennsylvania. SAMUEL PRESTON. Stockport, Pa. Manuring. ? Let no one say his resource? will (not permit him to manure his lands. Every farmer can make manure enough in llie course of the year to manure one-third of his land in cultivation. Let him save his corn stalks and straw, gather leaves in the woods, and preserve all the litter of his barns. Let him scatter this in his horse lots, his cow p?ns, and hog pens. When this ii ter has been sufficiently tramped and saturated w ith manure, it should be removed and placed in heaps, protected froin rain and sun. If permitted to teinain exposed to ?the weather, in an open lot, its strength will be absorbed by the earth and carried ofFby the atmosphere. There is much to be considered too iti the application of manure. This should always be ill drill. The advantages are, that one-fourth will be sufficient and you can plant the second year on the same ridge. When manures are applied broadcast they do comparatively little good, and are much sojtier exhausted. -#? Wheat Soil ? According to the generally received opinions of intelligent ?griculturist, clayey soils resting upon limestones, or clayey and calcareous loams. \ are the best adapted to the profitable growth of wheat. This opinion rs doubtless correct anil *?- ? " *-?observation of practical men as by the theoiy of t'le scientific; for ii\ almost afj such soils those minerals and salts are present, in some of their forms, which conduce to the healthful vegetation of the plant, and the perfect maturation of its plant. From the Genesee Farmer. SUCCESSFUL CULTIVATION OF ROOTS. My business is to work, and not !o write for the press, but as you ask communications from the farmer, I will in my plain way state what 1 have experienced in the cultivation of the Polatoe, Ruta Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, Tarrot, and Sugar Beet ? manner of feeding, storing, Jitc., and the quantity of roots 1 raised this season. POTATOE. The potatoe with me for ten years, the last excepted, has been a fair crop, but by adhering to the old method of tillage, has been more expensive than is necessary, as I find by the course 1 have adopted this season. 1 planted three acres the 29th and 30th of May; first ploughed, then j manured with coarse barn-yard manure; then ploughed again and harrowed ? Struck out the rows three feet apart with a one horse plough, say five inches deep; dropping the seed eighteen inchrs apart ? turned back the furrow, and the work wa? done. For hoeing first and second time, the cultivator, so gauged as to fill the whole space between the rows, was passed through, followed by the hoe, giving a slight dressing, but making little or no hill, and the whole labor, after the ground was fitted, did not exceed three and a half day's work per acre. By the use of the plough the seed was planted deep; the potatoe never takes a down ward direction. The cultivator loosened an<l mellowed the earth so as to allow the roots to extend, and to occupy nearly the whole row. Get an expanding and contracting cultivator. Get one! Get one!! The product was over 430 bushels per acre, or 1300 bushels from the 3 acres. THE RUTA BAGA, F had cultivated to a considerable extent for three years with success. This year I planted three acres in drills, twenty-one inches apart, on the 26th and 27th of June. So soon as up, I sifted house ashes and plaster, mixed in equal quantities, at the rate of fifteen bushels to the acre, with wire sieves, row by row, over the whole. The effect more than answered my expectations: that little pest, the lurnep bug or fly, or its ravages, was not seer, at all, and the growth was most vigorous. One acre of the piece had been planted with carrots, only about onefourth of which was standing by tcason of the insect, bad seed, or both, and ruta baga was planted in all the vacant places in the rows. They were thinned out and hoed twice; they soon covered the ground I and the werk was done. The product is [ over 1 000 bushels per acre ? 3000 bushels i llie whole, notwithstanding one acre was partially seeded with carrots, and produced jflp bushels of theui. About one acre of tne land is fine sandy loam, and the remainder is slate washed from a ravine, all highly manured. The ruta baga, 1 think, draws more from the atinospheie and less from the soil, than any other vegetable; for I have always found that it retained the dew longer, and held it in ureaier quantities than any thing else. It leaves the ground in finer condition than any other crop, and cannot be too highlyvalued. The carrot is excellent foi fattening cattle, milch cows, SfC , but is not so 9itre a crop, and requires much more labor in tillage. It does not always come wtftl, and is very liable to be destroyed by the insect. THE MANGEL WURTZEL. Of this root I planted one and a half' acts on the 29th and 30th of May, (too | late by ten day?,) in drills twenty one inch* apait. Thinned once and hoed tw :e ? tillage same as the ruta baga, except that the a?hes and plaster was omitted. About two-thirds of the piece was planted with seed which proved to bp of a n.ixed kind of all the beet family; the oih*. one-third part was I lie pure reed. ? Ttu crop was tine, and if all bad been of the same kind, the product I think would have been one-fourth larger But as it wt . the yield mav be considered a fair out ?over 800 bushels per acre, and the wt >le 1250 bushels. See the importance of laving genuine seed, for 1 have n?? dotjbl the product was 200 bushels less that! it would have been had all the seed j bee t mangel wurtzel. I am much in fa- ' voi of this root for feeding ? probably it is equal to any except the sugar beet. THE SUCAR BEET. Of this Iliad only seed to plant six rods of ground. It appears to be well adapted to tiir soil and climate. The growth was m>< "h greater than any tiling I have seen oi t'le b jet kind. I have no doubt it will t e "?'?i ? '..uhle for leeding rattle, as W?K M '"r Ml8'ir Til* ,v?? over qq Vusliels, and at the rale of about 2100 . .. tel.- pi r acre, or G8 tons. I rale all l y wiijht, 60 lbs to the bu?hel. for otherroost !?/ (be root* ?-otild i>oi b* ru**? 1 with any decree of accuracy. Here foil >ws a statement of the produce of f jv.'n and a half and six one hundred and six. nth acres of what may be considered tale corn land, and in a high slate of cultivation : Whole product. Per acre 3 Bpj-ps potatoes, 1300 438J 3 do rutabaga.) 3000 1000 Ctrrois, $ 200 800 I niang. wuristel, 1250 S00 0 160th sugar beets, 80 2100 acres C rods. 5830 bushels. Five thousand eight hundred anil thirty bushels, at 60 pounds per bushel, give 346,800 pounds or 176 1-5 tons ? The potatoes 13 tons, ruta baga 30 tons, carrots 2 1 tons, mangel wurtzel 24 tons, and the sugar beets at the rate of about 63 tons per acre. This crop last year would have brought more than $2,300 What the price may be this year 1 know not. It is not ray purpose to sell anv, but to feed all to my cattle; so I have my own market, and trust J shall turn them to good account. I am now feeding thirty head at the rate of one bushel each per day, with hay nights and mornings,, in their stalls, with corn and other coarse fodder through the day. I shall add to their allowance as shall seein proper, and change from one to the other now and then. All the cattle eatgteedily, and are doing well. IIemp. ? The Kentuckians adopted a new mode of .water-ratting Hemp ? lliat i9, by putting it in close vats, with water heated by a steam engine or otherwise We understand thai the Hemp needs to be so immersed but eighteen or twenty hours ; to secure it a good and speedy water-rt?lting. This plan avoids the miasma and i uiiliealthfulness which watter-rotting i in ponds, streams. &.C. &.C. has been found togenernte. It will doubtless give j a great impulse to the Hemp Culture, j which has hitherto been checked by the j difficul iei of water- oili g and the ! va'tly inferior quality a?ld price of the j dew-rotted article. The Louisville Jour- ' nal slates that he product of the present year in Kentucky will probably be three- ' fold that of (hoy former season.* The U. j S Navy stands ready to pay for a lirsl I rate article the liberal pr'ce of per ton. ? -<$?? To Stop tiif. Effusion of Bi.oon ? Messrs. Editors: In answer to an iiiqtiiry in -the last number of the Cultivator, respecting a remedy for slopping blood, I j will relate two instances of the applica- ! tion of cobwebs, with instantaneous and complete success. The first was a cut just below the fetlock joint of a young horse, from which a stream of blood of j the size of a knitting-needle spirted very ' swiftly. A small wad of cobweb from the cellar was bound on which entirely stop ped the blooi) in an instant. Ai another lime on bleeding a horse in (he month, the incision was made deeper 'halt was intended, letting more blood than was designed. Alter trying other remedies in vain, the above application with the same effect as iii the fir-'t case. II. Milton Hart. ?#> U.NRUi.r Cattle. ? If you would teach your cattle to be rogues, put tip a low or a slender fence at lirst, and raise or strengthen it as they become expert injumping. We once knew a man so fond of experiments that he pul up only one rail to keep his cow in the yard, for the purpose of trying how long that would answer the purpose. [Mass. Ploughman] To Wagoners. ? Take Hogs' Lard, melt it over a gentle (Ire, and then stir it in Hour until it becomes a paste. Grease your wagons or carriages with it ? and you will never use tar again. ? Try it Mice vs Spearmint.? Mice have such an aversion to the common spearmint that they will not approach a crib or granary in which a few sprigs of this herb are slrtA'cd. ITnrse Raddith for Jhiimnls ? Austin Randall. E?q of Paiis, writes to us as follows: " lhave seen in your escellfnt paper no notice of the value of horse rad r ish tor catile. I have found it vrry useful for them, if given to cows in doses of a pint once a day, will materially aid their appetite, and will prevent or speedily relieve cows of the disease called cake in the bag. / feed it freely to any animal of mine that is unwell, and find it of greai service to working oxen troubled with the heat. I have had one ox that would eat greedily a peek at a time Few animals reluse it; and if they do, it ninyjhe rut up and mixed with potatoes or meal." Mr. R. cultivates his corn without hilling, and his success with his last crop (73 bushels per acre) is a favorable commentary on the practice. MISCELLANEOUS item s Printing in IAleriq. ? The African editor of the Liberia fierald, advertises fur a compositor, to whom constant employment will he given; the terms are that he shall 'find himself, furnish hall the paper and woik for nothing!1 as what few sub scribers he has 'are steel against all his appeals for money.' It is stated in the Detroit Advertiser, that 30,000 acres of new Iniid has been cleared during the last winter ill the county of Macomb, in that State. Within the last seven years, $90,000,000 have gone to England from the United Slates for iron. Most of our misfortunes are more supportable than the comments of our friends upon them. None are so fond of secrets, as those who do not mean to keep them: sucti persons covet secrets, as a spendthrift covets money ? for the purpose of circulation.Steamboat Bear Ilunl ? The steam boat Corsair, arrive. I last night from Galena, says the C ncinnati Chronicle of the 5th inst., relates a curious incident. In the Ohio river below, they espied a large bear swimming the river. The mate and his companion put off in a skill determined to capture Bruin. The gentleman, however, made a very sturdy resistance At length they fixed a rope round his head and carried the other end to the steamboat. Then began a pretty little scene. The steamboat proceeded on, and Mr. Bruin followed, ex necessitate. He was soon hauled in, when tiis fust proceeding was to climb the upper deck, and put to flight all the loungers in those regions. The end was, he was killed, a oil proved to be quite a magnificent fellow.Encouraging to Mechanics ? By the Madison Indiana Courier, we learn that the Municipal officers of that place are all filled by mechanics. The Courier savs: 'Our Mayor is a Cabinet Maker, our Marshal a Blacksmith, the City Attorney a Plasterer, the Secretary a Carpenter, the Assessor a Pattern maker, the Collector a Tobacconist, and three ol the nine Councilinen are Tailors, two are Carpenters, one a Machinist, one a Wagon- maker, one a INI ill wright, end one Fan Mill maker. Let any other city in the United States beat us if they can. Who will say we are not workingmen?' Discovery of Islands in the 1'acijic Ocean ? The Cape of Good Hope papers notice the discoveiy, by an English wha ler, of several islands in the Pacific Ocean, previously unknown. They were eight in number, of some extent, fertile, and inhabited. The appearance of the natives and the canoes, fee , was totally different from any otliei* in that neigh[ borhood. A young lady in New Orleans was 19 be married. The evening was appointed. No lover came. She wailed one hour beyond ihe appointed lime, and Men accepted the hand of a fine young gentleman, who had before proposed. The first came half an hour afterward, but the pnly reply he could get from the fair one, assured him that he was 'just an hour and a half too late.' Blind. ? The present number of pupils in the Blind Asylum is 62 ? no deaths have occurred during the past year. Its expenses annually are about $12,000 ? income about $?,000; the remainder is supplied by the .ate. ? Lynn Freeman. Some five hundred applications liava been made for the benefit of the Bankrupt Law in Illinois. About one thousand m Maine. Nearly 1800 passengers arrived at New York from Europe on Tuesday of last week. Sinister, who was convicted in Philadelphia of the murder of his wife, has been pardoned by the Governor of Pa. QUESTION'S FOR THE LEARNED. What is there so disagreeable in religion that those who possess it should always wear a wry face and a doleful countenance?Why do people evince the most friendship to you whin they know that you stand in the least want of it. Why are young people very kind to their rich olJ invalid uncles? Why are Lad deeds committed by a man in a ragged coal always so disgraceI ful and abominable? The Wheal Fly driven ate ay by lime. Lucius Ellis and Joseph Lyman hav# used lime on their wheat with peifect success against the dy. They applied finelv powdered slaked lime on the crop just "as it was wet with dew or rain The (lies had appeared upon the wheat; bin - ? opejgjp s |were immediately|suc* |pen<lfd me "pplicatioi* <>?*? itm. I.'~ia?r^_ They consider the experiment dicfeive. ? > The experience of Mr. Samuel Potter, in the immediate neighborhood, corresponds with this. Calvin B. Ilawes, likewise, in Bucklanti, separated fiom Claremout by the river Deerfield, detail ? Ins suecess in a similar application, tic applied at the rate of three bushels to an acre: the lime was newly slaked and warm, and was applied when the dew was on. The field appeared quite while. Tlia evening previous lo the application he plucked a few heads of wheat, and found twenty worms and maggots. The ravages ceased at once upon the application of the lime, and his wheat crop was saved. This remedy is a most important discovery, and iB corroborated by other and strong testimony from different parts of the country. Caiman's Report. ? -??? LATE FROM EUROPE. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP COLUMBIA.The Steamship Columbia, arrived at Boston on Thursday morning, 15 days fiom Liverpool. The news by this arrival is of no great interest, with the exception of ar. extraordinary casualty on the Versailles Railroad in France, and a destructive conflagration in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The railroad casualty occurred on Sunday, the 15th ult. Eighteen cars crowded with passengers, and with two engines in front and one behind, were passing with excessive speed between Bellevue and Mendon, when the axletree of the first engine broke, and that and many of lha passenger cars, were crushed to frjb? merits. The mass immediately burst info flames, and the doors of the remaining cars, being locked and the keys in tlia pockets of the conductors, who did not appear, the inmates perished by the fire. The conflagration in Hamburg, continued three days. The Danish. Hanover* ian, and Prussian troops were employed in blowing up the buildings, to arrest the progress of the (limes. One fifth part of the city is destroyed, and dreadful distress prevails VVe find no estimate of the amount of loss. A graceless scoundrel, in St. Louis addressed an anonymous letter to a married lady, describing her as angelic, and all that, and requesting an introduction. The nnn's letter was sent by a negro boy.? The wife sent him word that her husband would introduce him, and left the answer under the garden fence, as he requested it to be done When he came to pick it up he was watched and recognized. He shortly afterwards received an introduction ? to a cowhide in the hands of the husband. He did not express any desire | to be ' better acquainted."