The Village register. (Salem, Columbiana Co., O. [Ohio]), 1844-09-24

              THE VILLAGE REGISTER. By JT, H . Painter. Devoted to Agriculture, Education, Domestic Economy, Temperance, Morality and General Intelligence. New Series? No. 29. VOL 3.? NO. 25. SALEM, COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO, 9th MONTH (SEPTEMBER) 24, 1844. WHOLE NO. 129. JOB PRINTING JTEjH'LY & EXPEDITIOUSLY EXECUTED, AT THK OFFICE OF TUB VILLAGE REGISTER. Eut End .Haiti Street, talciu, Ohio. CHARLES JOBES, Chair JflnnHfadnret AND WLMff MUB) I SIGW & LETTER PAINTER. NORTH SIUE M.UN STREET, SALE X, BENJAMIN STANTON, t PR ACTIS1N G jP MY SIC I AN J.?.VD DRUGGIST. WORTH SIDE MAIN STREET, SALEM, O. DAVID WOODRUFF, CJtltnt.MGE. BUGGY Jl.YD U.lUUU UlIEm M.9KEU. CARRIAGES &C. REPAI RED WORK WARRANTED. BAST END MAIN STREET, SALEM, OHIO ?. M. Steel. Moses Fornet. STEEL & FORNEY, Plain A fashionable Cutting done to order and work warrant cd to lit. North side of Main St., Salem, Ohio. THOMAS L. BALL, S1JLVEK SMITH AND WATCH &. CLOCK REPAIRER. SECOND DO >11 WES the F03T OFFICE SALEM BENJAMIN B. DAVIS ?URVGVOJt & CO.WKVANCER. 'REGISTER OFPIC E," SALEM, O. DkTID H'CALLA. JOHN >'CtLli D. A J M'C ILL V, TIN, AND SHEET-IRON WARE MANUFACTURERS. Nearly opposite to the Post Office, SALEM, O. ? . O. HUHCI, J. ?? numi. Ill'SSEY & BROTHER, COMMISSION & FORWARDING Jfie r chant 8, NO. 9 COMMERCIAL ROW, LIBERTY STREET. prrrsBURGii. WILLIAM p. WEST, PLAIN AND FASHIONABLE TAILOR. CiT Work warranted to Jit. ?WBST END OF MAIN ? TREET, SALEM, O. Jot. L. Vcillaix litxglij n ? ' Clem. L. Vallandingham J. L. & C. L VALLANDINGHAM, SUtornrps at 93Lato, NEW LISIKOHI, ?. Office on Washington St., two doors east of D. P. Graham's drug store. JOH\ IMRKIN, 2N&7S202AH. AND Surgeon Dentist. Corner o( Hiyh A: I.itndy St., Salem, O. JAMES BARNABY, Jr. Plain and Fashionable TAILOR. C tiling 'lout to order and all mark war ranted. jtortii sinn xio street, salem, oiito. Prentiss House ANI> GENERAL STAGE OFFICE. BAVINKA, PORTACK CO., OHIO. BY WM, M, FOI.GGR. THOMAS HAMMOND, TAILOR CUTTING DONE TO ORDER AND ALL WORK WARRANTED TO FIT. Lumber wanted, in exchange for work. MAIN STREET, IALEM, O. JOSEPH GOULBOURN, Plain & Fashionable T,?i?j OR, CUTTI.YG DO.YE TO ORDER NOPTH MDR MAIN ST. SALEM, O. A one horse Carriage for sale :d mo. 15 by B B. DAVIS. From the A. American Rtview. SAW-MILLS. The English gentleman who introduced the use of mahogany, by causing a candle-box to be made of it, gave the world a great luxury; but he who invented the saw-mill, performed an act far more serviceable. A mahogany tree, when in log?, has been sold for nearly fifteen thousand dollars; a pine which will produce a hundredth part of that sum, in the most distant market, is of rare size and quality; but to the mass of mankind, it is more valuable than the other, because it is, what that is not, a necessary of life. The sawing of trees by machinery was not probably of remote origin. The lirst saw-mill of which we have any knowledge, was erected at Madciia, in the year 15'20, and wc hear of another at Breslau, 7 years later, but their multiplication in ditferent parts of Europe, appears to have proceeded slowly. A mill of this description was built near London, 1633; but it was demolished soon afterwards, that it might not be a means of depriving the poor of employment. About a century later, a branch of the York Building Company made large purchases of pine limber, erected mills, and introduced various improvements in the manufacture and transportation. But the popular feeling against machine-saws was still strong. A saw mill set up at Limehouse, near the year 1768, was destroyed by a mob. The first built in New England, and very likely in America, was at ' Aganicnlico,'* in Maine in 1623, or the year following, under the direction of Sir Fernando Gorges. ? J sent over my son,' says Lord 'Palatine, 'and my nephew, Capt. Wm. Gorges, who had been my lieutenant in the fort of Plymouth, with some other craftsmen, lor the building of houses and erecting of saw-mills.' The next, probably, were on the Piscataqua, as the settlers there had one or more in which time, there were no grist-mills . there, and lumberers procured their' bread-stuffs prepared fnr linking, ?itlvor from England or Virginia. The first mill in Massachusetts, seems to have been that on the Neponsct, in Dorchester, in 1033 ; but whether it was built for grinding or sawing, can not be ascertained. The earliest for sawing, in the colony of Plymouth, we suppose to have been on the Herring Bi'ook. Scituate, erected in 1655, and destroyed twenty years afterwards by the Indian?. There was one on the Saco, as soon as the year 1053, and one on Mill river, Taunton, six years after- 1 wards. By the year 1681, there was a second in Plymouth Colony, at Swansea; and in 1685, as many as four were in operation at Cape Porpoise, Maine. Of those in Maine, at more reccnt dates, we may mention mills on the Androscoggin, at Brunswick, in 1716; at Damariscotin, under grants from Dunbar, in 1730; a mill at Bucksport, on the Penobscot, 1764 ;and several on the different branches of the Machias before. 1775t The curious terms annexed to ' libertic'tomake boards and planks by water, in the olden time arc well worth a moment's attention. In the grant of the ' townsmen of Saco,' to Roger Spencer, it was stipulated that he should build his mill within a year, that all the ' townsmen should have bordes twelve pence in a hundred chcaperthtn any stranger,' and that the townsmen who would 'worke' in crccting the mill ' as cheap ns a stranger,' should have the preference. In a subsequent grant to another person, much the same constitutions arc imposed, and the further one, that the grantee should buy his provisions of townsmen at ' price current.' rather than of others. The conditions required by the people of Scituate, in good old ' Plymouth,' we will give as they stand upon the record: ? " At a full town meeting of the town of Scituate, November 10th, 1656, free liberty was this day granted to any manor men of the town, to set up a saw-mill upon the third Herring brook, as near the North rivei as conveniently it may be, on these conditions, namely, that in case any of the townsmin do bring any timber into the mill to be sawed, the owners of the mill shall saw it, whether it be for boards or plank, before they saw any of their own timber, and they are to have one hall for sawing of the other half. And in ; cass any man of the town, that doth | not bring any timber to the mill to be 1 sawed, shall want any boards for his ' own particular use, the owner of the j mill shall sell him boards for his own use, so many us he shall need for the country pa y, at three shillings and six pence in hundred inch sawn; hut in case the men of the town do not supply the mill with timber to keep it at work, the owners of the mill shall have i liberty to make use of any timber upon the common, to saw for their benefit. The said saw-mill to be built within 3 months from this date; otherwise, this order to be void." At Taunton, on the proposal to erect a mill there, liberty was given on the condition that it ' be not hurtful to the grist-mill.' At Cape Porpoise a town meeting gave the right to set up a saw, provided it was done 'within sixteen months, unless prevented by war,' and the applicant furnished his townsmen with lumber for their own use, at pence the hundred under price current. Another person, at the same place, was required to pay ' forty shillings rent, as a tax to support fort Loyal, at Falmouth; and a third had his request granted, by paying 'a yearly rent of lif'.y shillings, and allowing the ?inhabitants to saw their own boards at the halves.' The experience of the Old World is full of admonition, and should not be lost upon us. The mountains of Lebanon, to which Solomon sent his 'fourstore thousand hewers;' have been long stripped of their beautiful 'cedars.' ? The period is not very remote since pines were so abundant in Great Britain, that a woodman could procure the right to use a single axe in cutting them down, for less than one dollar a year; and, not two centuries and a half ago, wood was the common fuel in most parts of England. In Queen Elizabeth's time, it is said that Spain sent over a special ambassador, charged with the duty of procuring, by negociation or treachery, the destruction of oak 'rees in the celebrated forest of Dcun. However this may be, the oaks disappeared by improvidence during the civil wars. Within one hundred and fifty years, a considerable part of the rlovnifd regions of tlio north of Ireland was covered with pines of which hardly a vestige now remains. A forest set. apart for the royal navy, contained, at the end of a century, only one-tenth part of the timber which the officers in the care of it, reported at its commencement; nor was alarm felt, nor means taken to replant, until the quantity was still less. In Europe generally, at the present time, it is believed that woodlands are diminishing with great rapidity. It is supposed that in Gernlany, Sweden, Norway and Russia, one third of the surface is still covered with forests of more or less value, but the proportion in the other principal countries is not so large. In France, we have certain knowledge that immense inroads are made on the woods from year to year, because she cuts from her forests not only timber, but nearly all hci fuel. Of the northern nations, it is necessary only to remark, that they arc the makers of tar and providers of timber for England, an J such other powers as have become importers of the articles once abundant at hn.ne. That in America, ? a country of stumps and newly eleared lands, ? apprehensions should be expressed as to our capability of furnishing ourselves with timber in all coming time, will excite a smile on the face of many. Be it so; John Jay, a man as wise as the wisest, and good as the best, thus wrote to Washington, more than fifty years ago: "There is some reason to apprehend that masts and ship timber will as cultivation adrances become scarce unless some measure be taken to prevent their waste, or provide for the preservation of i sufficient fund of both." And this passage has the more weight, since it occurs in a letter devoted to the suggestion of measures necessary to be brought forward for the good of the country. * The ancient namo of York. 1 The first on the Machias, waa undoubtedly aa early as 1163, and within a year after the first grant of land and mill-sites east of tiia Penobscot river. J The highest price that ?ve have known lo be paid in this country, was at about the rate of five thousand dollars for a tree in log; the one referred to in the text was purchased for -?3,000 ' in England, by a celebrated piano forte manufacturer. Of this pine, a plank, nearly 6 feet - in width, made from a tree which grew on the estate of the Duke of Gordon, is preserved in i that nobleman's castle as a curiosity. In Maino I pines six feet in diameter, near the ground, have sometimes been found, wbilo those of four feet ' in diameter are not uncommon. : I Miss-demeanor is a girl of bad charac 1 ' ter. Have nothing to do with her. From the Christian .'ldvocutc. Within five miles of Huntsvillc, Ala. there lives a negro-boy. He was seven-teen years old last Aug., and weighs over 200 lbs. But his body is not the wonder. It is his mind, if it may be said he has any. Oil the 8th June, 1811, Rev, John C. Burrus, Mr. Brandon, and myselt went to see him and were amazed. From himself and Mr. Mc Lemore. his master, we learned that he lias no idea of a God. When asked, "who made you?" he answered, "nobody." lie has never been but a few times hall a mile from the place of his birth. He has not mind enough to do the ordinary work of a slave, cats and sleeps in the same house with the white /oiks having his own table and bed. He will not ask for any thing, or touch food, however hungry, unless it be offered to him. lie was never known to commence a conversation with any one, nor continue one, further than merely answering questions in the fewest words, lie speaks very low and tardily. He has never been known to utter a falsehood, or to steal, and but little subject to anger ? will not strike a dog or any thing else; but when vexed by his sister, he will take hold of her arm, as if he would break it with his hands. He cannot be persuaded to taste intoxicating drinks. His utter aversion to this banc, is either the result of his having seen its effects in his master, or it is instinctive. He has never manifested any predilection for the sex. There is nothing remarkable in the configuration of his head or his countenance, save that his eye is uncommonly convex, and continually rolling about with a wild and glaring ex- 1 pression. His laugh and movements are perfectly idioticnl. He does not know a letter or figure. Withall, in one respect, he is the mostcxtraordiary human being I ever saw. Almost his only manifestation of mind, is in relation to numbers. His power over numbers is at once extraordinary incredible. Take any number under one hundred, and ask him its product when multiplied into itself, or into anv other \ number, and he will state it at once, ' as readily as any one can give the sum of 1*2 times 1*2. He multiplies thousands, adds, subtracts and divides with the same certainty, though with more mental labor. lie has, however, no idea of numbers above millions. With pencil and paper we made the following calculations, and asked him the questions, thus: 'How much is 99 times 99!' lie answered immediately, '9,801.' 'Well, how much is 71 times 86A?' lie answered, 6391. 'IIow many 9s in 2, 000 He answered, 'two hundred and twenty-two nines, and two over.' 'How many fifteens, in 3,356?' lie answered, '2*23 fifteens and 11 over.' 'IIow many twenty-threes in 4,000?' lie answered, '173 twenty -threes and 21 over.' 'How much is 321 times 679?' lie answered after a small pause, 253, ; 269. If you take 21 from 85, how many will be left? He answered, 61. II you take 5,211 from 6920, how many will be left? He answered 1,809. ? How much is 7 limes 9, 22 and 11? ? He answered, 99. How many is 17 times 17 and 16? He said 305. If you have to give a doll.tr and a half for a chicken and a half, how much would you have to give for two chickens? ? He said '?two dollats.'' If a slick, standing straight up, three feet long, makes a shadow five leot long, how high would a pole be that has a shadow 30 feet long? At this he put his hand to his chili, drew himself up and gave a silly laugh. His master said he did not understand such as that. \Ve then asked him how much is 3, 333 times 5,555. In this instance as in some others, he looked serious, began to twist in his chair, to pick his clothes, linger nails, to look at his hands, put the points of his thubs to his teeth, move his lips a little, and then seemed to think a little, and then his countenance would give indications of mental agony, and so on. His master told him to walk about and rest himself. ? He went into the yard and appeared to be alternately elated with rapture, and depressed with gloom. He would run, jump up, throw his arms in the air above his head, and then stand still, and then drag his foot over the weeds, look up and down; in a word he took on all sorts of crazy notions. We sat down to dinfi, and when wc arose we found him on the piazza, sitting down perfectly composed. On being told he had done it, I said how much is it? He answered, eight-teen ' millons, five hundred and fourteen ? thousand, eight hundred and fifteen. ? | What? says 1. He replied, 18,51 1,815. We could get no clue to the mental process by which lie ascertained such results. When asking how he did it, his unvarying answer was, '1 studies it up.' But what do you do first, and what next? lie merely drawled out, 1 studies it up. He did not count on his fingers, nor any thing external, nor indeed did he seem to count at all ; & yet he combined thousands and mi I lions and played with their combinations just as others would do with units. ? All the instruction he received, was from his master, who had learned him to count a hundred: and would ask him how many twenties in a hundred, and how many fives, &x. On the following Monday, I saw him again, and asked him what was that hard sum I gave him last Saturday. ? He replied, '3,333 times 5,555.' On Saturday we told him there were 365 days in a year, and 24 times that would give the hours, which he said was 8,760 sixty times that, tho minutes; and he said, 4,256,000; and sixty times that the seconds; and he said, 31,536,000. On Monday I asked how many seconds in a year; and he recollected the number, lieing then asked how much is 2-1 i times 48j, he answered, 1,188. IIow much is 15 times-11 and 78 and 7? He said 700. How many thirty threes in 777? He said 23 thirty threes and 18 over." His recollection of numbers is almost as wonderful as his power to combine them. I submit these facts to the consideration and reasoning of mental philosophers; for whoever has carefully read this paper, knows about as much as I know of this living wonder JOHN W. HANNER. Iluntsvillc, Ala., June 11,1811. Traveling by Morse's Telegraph. j A few days since a pietty Uttle girt tripped into tho office of the Washington City termination, and after a good deal of hesitation and blushin?r, asked how long it would take to "send to Baltimore ?" The interesting appearance of the little questioner attracted Mr. Morse's attention, and he very blandly replied, " one second ." "Oh how delightful, how delightful," ejaculated the little beautv, her eyes glistening with delight, ,4one second only ? here send this even quicker if you can." And Mr. Morse found in his hand a neatly folded gilt-edged note, the very perfume and shape of which told a volume of love. "I cannot send that note," said Mr. Morse, with some feeling, "it is impossible.""Oh do, do," ejaculated the distracted beauty, "William and I have had a quarrel, and I shall die if he don't know that I forgive him in a second ? I kn >w I shall." Mr. Morse still objected to sending the notr, when the fair one brightening up, said, "you will then send me on, won't you?" "Perhaps, "said one of the clcrks, " it would take away your breath to travel forty miles in a second." " Oh no it won't no it won't, if it carries me to William. The cars in the morning go so sloic 1 can't wait for them. Mr. Morse now understod the mistake under which tho petitioner was laboring and undertook to explain the process of conveying important information along the wires. The letter writer listened a few moments with impatience, and then rolled her burnig epistle into a ball, in the excitement under which she labored, and thrust it into her bosom. "It's too slow," she finally exclaimed, "it's too slow, and my heart will break before William knows I forgive him, and you are a cruel man, Mr. Morse," said the fair creature, the tears coming into her eyes "that you won't let me travel by the Telegraph to see Willira," and full of emotion she left the office, illustrating the truth of the poet's wish! "Annihilate but space and time, And make two lovers happy." A Singular Fact. ? Dr. Smitli who has recently visited the Forks of the Mississippi, in nn editorial article 011 Medicine in Iowa, and other matters, gives n most singular fact, by stating from good authority, that no person officially associated with the Indians of the Upper Mississippi, ever saw or heard of a deafliulian, or one whose eye-sight was impaired by age or whose teeth were essentially decajed. No Indian of the Sioux tribe ever required spectacles, or discovered any advantages from trying thosoof travellers, because their vision was not impaired, even in extreme old age. Mr. Reed and Mr. Doe, the practical farmers employed by the Government to teach ^ thorn agriculture, both concur in dcclar ing this Jo bo true, niter a residence of 0 years in their midst. Ophthalmia, however, is n common complaint, from which they suffer very inuch.-[Bos. Transcript. From the Oberli-i Evangelist. EXTREMES. "Were I to live again," excluimcd Sir John Mason, (privy counsellor to Henry VIII) on his death-bed, " were 1 to live again, I would change the court for the cloister; my privy counsellors bustle for the retirement of a hermit; the whole time which I have spent in the palace for one hour's communion with my God." A perfect exemplification this, of the tendency of man to extremes ? a tendency Irom which neither talent nor genius, wisdom nor age, rank nor station is exempt. The minister who has labored chiefI y to produce great animal excitcmcnt, and who measured his success in edifying the body of Christ by the degree of heat and vociferation which he could arouse? having lived long enough to see ilie unhappy reaction in tho moveless languor and spiritual dcadness which cannot be galvanized iuto even momentary convulsions, exclaims,? "Alas! were 1 to live again, I would eschew all appeals to the feelings, and discourage every form and degree of animal excitement as 1 would alcohol itself." What an absurd extreme! The pastor who lias spent a long life in urging exclusively the doctrine of human ability, waking at last to tho error and the disastrous consequences, is ready to cry out, "Were 1 to live again, 1 should be determined to knownothing among the people but the doctrine of the divine agency," Would that all who are thus ready to rush from one extreme to another still worse, had finished their days of activity on earth before they started on tho fatal transition. Hut it is not so. Tha moral world is full of swinging pendulums, whose oscillations are forever traversing the bright fields of truth and whose only pauses are at those far oft verges where error and darkness hold eternal dominion. The new school man who has evinced a gratuitous zeal in vindicating his favorite isms, repents of his extravagance, and to show works meet for rcpentance, plunges into ultra old schoolism. The stately Episcopalian, growing weary of cumbrous rites, and ashamed of his fantastic pageantry, straightway metamorphises himself into an impcrlurable Quaker. Query ? what unheard of transition are those Iligli Churchmen preparing for who arc pushing their already too extreme position in the polar extremity of l'useyism? ? When thry start, they will pass by Quakerism like a rushing flood in quest ot something indefinitely more simple and spiritual. The bigoted sectarian becomes the la tudinarian unionist, and ridicules tho idea of making a man's religious opinion the test of his title to church membership. " The strong and generous bias," says Hannah Moore, " in favor of universal toleration, has engendered a dangerous notion that all error is innocent."The father who in training his children, has persucd a coursc of iron severity, thinks if he had another family to bring up lie would abjure the rod, and all harsh measures, and govern exclusively by moral suasion. Thanks to Providence that he will not "have another family to " ? spoil. What monsters of severity the moral suasionists will be when they shall have transmigrated to the opposite extreme. And what overbearing advocates of rigid government we shall soon have, when the non-resistantants shall have taken a turn upon the revolving wheel. The man of fashion and pleasure becomes disgusted with hi< past life, and how docs he mend it? By putting on a monk's cowl or a shaker's broad-rimmed hat. The young lady who has consumed the spring-time of life in the excesses of gaiety and dress, comes to herself just long enough to plunge into a greatfolly still, that of burying herself in a nunnery. The rabid politician, disappointed in his ambitious schemes, or disgusted with the corruptions of his own party, launches into the vagaries of nou-goy. ernmentisni. The champion of human rights, who in his furious zeal did works of supcre' rogation for ihe cnuse of liborty. di?. [covering his enthusiasm turns suddenly